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Lexicalization patterns in color naming: A cross-linguistic perspective
Edited by Ida Raffaelli, Daniela Katunar and Barbara Kerovec
[Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics 78] 2019
► pp. 159–190

Innovations in Semitic color term systems

| Russian State University for the Humanities & National Research University Higher School of Economics

The article explores the origins of Semitic color terms for yellow, green, and blue. These fundamental color categories are missing from the reconstructed proto-Semitic basic color term system, but their designations were added into basic color term systems of many daughter languages. This chapter focuses on derivations from designations of “referent objects” (objects typically characterized by a certain color and serving as referents for the designation of this color). Referent objects are further classified into natural objects (wax for yellow; vegetation, grass, or leaf for green; sky for blue) and dyes (saffron and turmeric for yellow; kohl and indigo, or indigo-colored objects for blue; the chapter also considers ink as a source for designations of blue-with-green, violet, or black).

Keywords: Semitic, Aramaic, Ethio-Semitic, Modern South Arabian, referent object, basic color terms, evolution of basic color term systems
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Proto-Semitic basic color terms and subsequent developments of Semitic BCT systems
  • 3.Sources for innovative CTs
  • 4.Derivations of color terms from names of natural objects
    • 4.1‘Wax’ > ‘yellow’
    • 4.2Various types of vegetation (grass, vegetable, leaf) as sources for ‘green’
      • 4.2.1Derivatives from *ḥaml ‘vegetation’ in Ethio-Semitic
      • 4.2.2Derivatives from the referent object *śaʕar ‘grass’
      • 4.2.3Derivatives from the referent object *ḳaṣl ‘leaf’
    • 4.3‘Sky’ > ‘blue’
  • 5.Derivation of color terms from the names of dyes
    • 5.1Names of dyes as sources for ‘yellow’
      • 5.1.1CTs going back to Sanskrit kuṅkuma
      • 5.1.2CTs going back to Arabic hurd-
    • 5.2Names of dyes and dyed artifacts as sources for ‘blue’
      • 5.2.1‘Kohl’ > ‘blue’
      • 5.2.2‘Ink’ > ‘black’, ‘blue’, ‘blue-with-green’
      • 5.2.3‘Indigo’ > ‘blue’, ‘indigo-dyed cloth’ > ‘blue’
  • 6.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgment
  • Glossary
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 9 October 2019
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/sfsl.78.08bul
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