196014578 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SiBil 46 GE 15 9789027273031 06 10.1075/sibil.46 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code SiBil 02 JB code 0928-1533 02 46.00 01 02 Studies in Bilingualism Studies in Bilingualism 01 01 Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood 1 B01 01 JB code 881171798 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 2 B01 01 JB code 812108779 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn MIT 3 B01 01 JB code 750108780 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida and University of Ottawa 01 eng 11 320 03 03 vii 03 00 312 03 24 JB code LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 10 LAN009000 12 CFDC 01 06 02 00 This wide-ranging overview of current trends in the study of adult additive multilingualism yields new insights into adult multilingual epistemology. It includes critical reviews of L3/Ln morphosyntax, phonology, and the lexicon, as well as individual studies with unique language pairings. 03 00 In recent years, researchers have acknowledged that the study of third language acquisition cannot simply be viewed as an extension of the study of bilingualism, and the present volume’s authors agree that a point of departure that embraces the unique properties that differentiate L2 acquisition from L3/Ln acquisition is essential. From linguistic, sociological, psychological, educational and cognitive viewpoints, it has become increasingly apparent that the study of L3/Ln acquisition can provide new evidence to help resolve ongoing debates in these areas of study. This volume uniquely provides a wide-ranging overview of current trends in the study of adult additive multilingualism from formal, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives, adding new insights into adult multilingual epistemology. This collection includes critical reviews of L3/Ln morphosyntax, phonology, and the lexicon, as well as individual studies with unique language pairings including Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and Asian languages. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/sibil.46.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027241870.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027241870.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/sibil.46.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/sibil.46.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/sibil.46.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/sibil.46.hb.png 01 01 JB code sibil.46.01ack 06 10.1075/sibil.46.01ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 01 JB code sibil.46.02ama 06 10.1075/sibil.46.02ama 1 6 6 Article 2 01 04 Third language (L3) acquisition in adulthood Third language (L3) acquisition in adulthood 1 A01 01 JB code 772181561 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 2 A01 01 JB code 123181562 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 3 A01 01 JB code 340181563 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida 01 01 JB code sibil.46.03pa1 06 10.1075/sibil.46.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Part 1. Theory Part 1. Theory 01 01 JB code sibil.46.04pil 06 10.1075/sibil.46.04pil 9 32 24 Article 4 01 04 L3 morphosyntax in the generative tradition L3 morphosyntax in the generative tradition 01 04 The initial stages and beyond The initial stages and beyond 1 A01 01 JB code 744181564 María del Pilar García Mayo García Mayo, María del Pilar María del Pilar García Mayo University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)> 2 A01 01 JB code 476181565 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida and University of Ottawa 01 01 JB code sibil.46.05ama 06 10.1075/sibil.46.05ama 33 60 28 Article 5 01 04 L3 phonology L3 phonology 01 04 An understudied domain An understudied domain 1 A01 01 JB code 883181566 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 01 01 JB code sibil.46.06bar 06 10.1075/sibil.46.06bar 61 78 18 Article 6 01 04 The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction 1 A01 01 JB code 590181567 Camilla Bardel Bardel, Camilla Camilla Bardel Stockholm University and University of the Free State South Africa 2 A01 01 JB code 698181568 Ylva Falk Falk, Ylva Ylva Falk Stockholm University 01 01 JB code sibil.46.07bot 06 10.1075/sibil.46.07bot 79 94 16 Article 7 01 04 Rethinking multilingual processing Rethinking multilingual processing 01 04 From a static to a dynamic approach From a static to a dynamic approach 1 A01 01 JB code 18181569 Kees Bot Bot, Kees Kees Bot University of Groningen and University of the Free State South Africa 01 01 JB code sibil.46.08sin 06 10.1075/sibil.46.08sin 95 114 20 Article 8 01 04 Multilingual lexical operations Multilingual lexical operations 01 04 Keeping it all together ... and apart Keeping it all together ... and apart 1 A01 01 JB code 178181570 David Singleton Singleton, David David Singleton Trinity College, Dublin 01 01 JB code sibil.46.09sla 06 10.1075/sibil.46.09sla 115 140 26 Article 9 01 04 L3/Ln acquisition L3/Ln acquisition 01 04 A view from the outside A view from the outside 1 A01 01 JB code 597181571 Roumyana Slabakova Slabakova, Roumyana Roumyana Slabakova University of Iowa 01 01 JB code sibil.46.10pa2 06 10.1075/sibil.46.10pa2 Section header 10 01 04 Part 2. Empirical studies Part 2. Empirical studies 01 01 JB code sibil.46.11ber 06 10.1075/sibil.46.11ber 143 164 22 Article 11 01 04 Further evidence in support of the Cumulative-Enhancement Model Further evidence in support of the Cumulative-Enhancement Model 01 04 CP structure development CP structure development 1 A01 01 JB code 915181572 Éva Berkes Berkes, Éva Éva Berkes University of Applied Sciences of Burgenland 2 A01 01 JB code 249181573 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn Massachusetts Institute of Technology 01 01 JB code sibil.46.12jae 06 10.1075/sibil.46.12jae 165 194 30 Article 12 01 04 Acquisition of L3 German Acquisition of L3 German 01 04 Do some learners have it easier? Do some learners have it easier? 1 A01 01 JB code 441181574 Carol Jaensch Jaensch, Carol Carol Jaensch University of Essex 01 01 JB code sibil.46.13kul 06 10.1075/sibil.46.13kul 195 222 28 Article 13 01 04 Examining the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition Examining the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition 01 04 A look at relative clauses A look at relative clauses 1 A01 01 JB code 783181575 Valeria Kulundary Kulundary, Valeria Valeria Kulundary Tuvan State University 2 A01 01 JB code 123181576 Alison Gabriele Gabriele, Alison Alison Gabriele University of Kansas 01 01 JB code sibil.46.14dew 06 10.1075/sibil.46.14dew 223 254 32 Article 14 01 04 Variation in self-perceived proficiency in two 'local' and two foreign languages among Galician students Variation in self-perceived proficiency in two 'local' and two foreign languages among Galician students 1 A01 01 JB code 460181577 Jean-Marc Dewaele Dewaele, Jean-Marc Jean-Marc Dewaele University of London 01 01 JB code sibil.46.15lin 06 10.1075/sibil.46.15lin 255 280 26 Article 15 01 04 Advanced learners' word choices cin French L3 Advanced learners’ word choices 
in French L3 1 A01 01 JB code 658181578 Christina Lindqvist Lindqvist, Christina Christina Lindqvist Uppsala University 01 01 JB code sibil.46.16wre 06 10.1075/sibil.46.16wre 281 310 30 Article 16 01 04 Foreign accentedness in third language acquisition Foreign accentedness in third language acquisition 01 04 The case of L3 English The case of L3 English 1 A01 01 JB code 56181579 Magdalena Wrembel Wrembel, Magdalena Magdalena Wrembel Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland 01 01 JB code sibil.46.17ind 06 10.1075/sibil.46.17ind 311 312 2 Miscellaneous 17 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20121219 C 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027241870 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 90.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 76.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 135.00 USD 873007913 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SiBil 46 Eb 15 9789027273031 06 10.1075/sibil.46 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code SiBil 02 0928-1533 02 46.00 01 02 Studies in Bilingualism Studies in Bilingualism 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-sibil 01 02 Studies in Bilingualism (vols. 1–48, 1991–2015) 05 02 SIBIL (vols. 1–48, 1991–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-psychology 01 02 Subject collection: Psychology (246 titles, 1978–2015) 05 02 Psychology (1978–2015) 01 01 Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood 1 B01 01 JB code 881171798 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/881171798 2 B01 01 JB code 812108779 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn MIT 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/812108779 3 B01 01 JB code 750108780 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida and University of Ottawa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/750108780 01 eng 11 320 03 03 vii 03 00 312 03 01 23 404/.2 03 2012 P115 04 Multilingualism. 04 Adult education. 04 Language acquisition. 04 Language and languages--Study and teaching. 04 Language transfer (Language learning) 10 LAN009000 12 CFDC 24 JB code LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 01 06 02 00 This wide-ranging overview of current trends in the study of adult additive multilingualism yields new insights into adult multilingual epistemology. It includes critical reviews of L3/Ln morphosyntax, phonology, and the lexicon, as well as individual studies with unique language pairings. 03 00 In recent years, researchers have acknowledged that the study of third language acquisition cannot simply be viewed as an extension of the study of bilingualism, and the present volume’s authors agree that a point of departure that embraces the unique properties that differentiate L2 acquisition from L3/Ln acquisition is essential. From linguistic, sociological, psychological, educational and cognitive viewpoints, it has become increasingly apparent that the study of L3/Ln acquisition can provide new evidence to help resolve ongoing debates in these areas of study. This volume uniquely provides a wide-ranging overview of current trends in the study of adult additive multilingualism from formal, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives, adding new insights into adult multilingual epistemology. This collection includes critical reviews of L3/Ln morphosyntax, phonology, and the lexicon, as well as individual studies with unique language pairings including Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and Asian languages. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/sibil.46.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027241870.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027241870.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/sibil.46.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/sibil.46.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/sibil.46.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/sibil.46.hb.png 01 01 JB code sibil.46.01ack 06 10.1075/sibil.46.01ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.02ama 06 10.1075/sibil.46.02ama 1 6 6 Article 2 01 04 Third language (L3) acquisition in adulthood Third language (L3) acquisition in adulthood 1 A01 01 JB code 772181561 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/772181561 2 A01 01 JB code 123181562 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/123181562 3 A01 01 JB code 340181563 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/340181563 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.03pa1 06 10.1075/sibil.46.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Part 1. Theory Part 1. Theory 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.04pil 06 10.1075/sibil.46.04pil 9 32 24 Article 4 01 04 L3 morphosyntax in the generative tradition L3 morphosyntax in the generative tradition 01 04 The initial stages and beyond The initial stages and beyond 1 A01 01 JB code 744181564 María del Pilar García Mayo García Mayo, María del Pilar María del Pilar García Mayo University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)> 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/744181564 2 A01 01 JB code 476181565 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida and University of Ottawa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/476181565 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.05ama 06 10.1075/sibil.46.05ama 33 60 28 Article 5 01 04 L3 phonology L3 phonology 01 04 An understudied domain An understudied domain 1 A01 01 JB code 883181566 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/883181566 01 eng 03 00

Regardless of the reasons for which L3 phonology has not received its due attention in acquisition research in the past, its growth over the last few years has been significant. Notwithstanding, what we know within this domain thus far barely scratches the surface of what we endeavor to uncover. The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to provide an overview of existing research coupled with a critical discussion of the theoretical and methodological hurdles to overcome as the field grows, as well as to outline the directions that generative L3 phonological research can take and what such directions can yield not only for L3 acquisition specifically, but also for language acquisition theory more generally.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.06bar 06 10.1075/sibil.46.06bar 61 78 18 Article 6 01 04 The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction 1 A01 01 JB code 590181567 Camilla Bardel Bardel, Camilla Camilla Bardel Stockholm University and University of the Free State South Africa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/590181567 2 A01 01 JB code 698181568 Ylva Falk Falk, Ylva Ylva Falk Stockholm University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/698181568 01 eng 03 00

This chapter deals with the assumed qualitative difference between the learning of a chronologically true L2 and the subsequent learning of an L3, and the related issue of transfer from L2 into L3. In fact, some recent studies show that L2 can take on a stronger role than L1 as a transfer source in L3 learning. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is a strong impact of the L2 status factor, which we argue is due to the higher degree of cognitive similarity between L2 and L3 than between L1 and L3. Further theoretical support to the L2 status factor, as one of several possibly interacting factors that may determine the transfer source (L1, L2/s), is here provided by a neurolinguistic account, suggesting that the distinction between declarative and procedural memory can account for what might lie behind it.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.07bot 06 10.1075/sibil.46.07bot 79 94 16 Article 7 01 04 Rethinking multilingual processing Rethinking multilingual processing 01 04 From a static to a dynamic approach From a static to a dynamic approach 1 A01 01 JB code 18181569 Kees Bot Bot, Kees Kees Bot University of Groningen and University of the Free State South Africa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/18181569 01 eng 03 00

This contribution has four parts: in the first part, existing models of multilingual processing are presented and some of their main characteristics are discussed. In the second part, the Dynamic Systems Theory is presented in brief followed by a discussion what this means for our traditional way of looking at multilingual processing. In the third part, the requirements for a dynamic model are sketched. Finally, the relation between multilingualism and a dynamic systems approach is discussed.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.08sin 06 10.1075/sibil.46.08sin 95 114 20 Article 8 01 04 Multilingual lexical operations Multilingual lexical operations 01 04 Keeping it all together ... and apart Keeping it all together ... and apart 1 A01 01 JB code 178181570 David Singleton Singleton, David David Singleton Trinity College, Dublin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/178181570 01 eng 03 00

This paper begins by providing a brief historical overview of perspectives on the notion of cross-linguistic influence. It goes on to discuss the application of this notion to the lexical domain, and then offers some thoughts on what cross-lexical interaction does and does not imply with regard to the organization of the mental lexicon. In particular, the paper argues that the first language mental lexicon and the mental lexicons of additional languages known to an individual are neither impermeably separate nor radically unitary. It also calls into question the proposition that cross-lexical interplay is simply a matter of languages blurring into one another.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.09sla 06 10.1075/sibil.46.09sla 115 140 26 Article 9 01 04 L3/Ln acquisition L3/Ln acquisition 01 04 A view from the outside A view from the outside 1 A01 01 JB code 597181571 Roumyana Slabakova Slabakova, Roumyana Roumyana Slabakova University of Iowa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/597181571 01 eng 03 00

This paper approaches the research questions in current L3 acquisition research from the point of view of the current debates in L2A. We consider published L3 acquisition data to see whether four current hypotheses: the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis, the Interface Hypothesis, the Bottleneck Hypothesis and the Interpretability Hypothesis can give us explanations of the linguistic processes of multilingualism. As an answer to the question “what transfers in L3A?”, the Modular Transfer Hypothesis is proposed, arguing that what transfers is essentially dependent on the intrinsic difficulty of the linguistic property. It is demonstrated that difficulty depends both on morphology and/or meaning mismatches between the L1, L2 and L3, as well as on the frequency of the available evidence for the property to be acquired.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.10pa2 06 10.1075/sibil.46.10pa2 Section header 10 01 04 Part 2. Empirical studies Part 2. Empirical studies 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.11ber 06 10.1075/sibil.46.11ber 143 164 22 Article 11 01 04 Further evidence in support of the Cumulative-Enhancement Model Further evidence in support of the Cumulative-Enhancement Model 01 04 CP structure development CP structure development 1 A01 01 JB code 915181572 Éva Fernández-Berkes Fernández-Berkes, Éva Éva Fernández-Berkes University of Applied Sciences of Burgenland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/915181572 2 A01 01 JB code 249181573 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn Massachusetts Institute of Technology 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/249181573 01 eng 03 00

The Cumulative- Enhancement Model proposed by Flynn et al. (2004) seeks to provide an explanatory model for multiple language acquisition. Results reported in this paper present further evidence in support of this model. Results of an elicited imitation task comparing the production of relative clauses by learners of German L1 and Hungarian L1/German L2 acquiring L2 and L3 English respectively at three levels of proficiency indicate, on the one hand, an increased facilitation in subsequent acquisition with each new language learned and, on the other hand, development of syntactic knowledge in L3 acquisition that cannot be explained in terms of an astructural transfer from the last language learned.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.12jae 06 10.1075/sibil.46.12jae 165 194 30 Article 12 01 04 Acquisition of L3 German Acquisition of L3 German 01 04 Do some learners have it easier? Do some learners have it easier? 1 A01 01 JB code 441181574 Carol Jaensch Jaensch, Carol Carol Jaensch University of Essex 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/441181574 01 eng 03 00

In order to test current generative third language (L3) acquisition theories, this study attempts to tease apart the effect of first (L1) and second language (L2) knowledge on properties in the L3 of German. The properties tested are gender assignment, gender concord and the definite/indefinite contrast. The groups are L1 Spanish and L1 Japanese, both groups with L2 English. The L2 proficiency level was also considered and a general trend was observed such that learners with a higher L2 proficiency outperformed those with a lower one. In relation to the question of access to Universal Grammar (UG) by non-native learners, a task effect was found in that the results from the definiteness task offer some limited support for ‘Full Access’ accounts; however overall there is stronger, albeit indirect, support for representational deficit accounts.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.13kul 06 10.1075/sibil.46.13kul 195 222 28 Article 13 01 04 Examining the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition Examining the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition 01 04 A look at relative clauses A look at relative clauses 1 A01 01 JB code 783181575 Valeria Kulundary Kulundary, Valeria Valeria Kulundary Tuvan State University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/783181575 2 A01 01 JB code 123181576 Alison Gabriele Gabriele, Alison Alison Gabriele University of Kansas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/123181576 01 eng 03 00

We examine the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition. Participants included 132 L3 learners of English (L2 Russian/L1 Tuvan) and 20 L2 learners of English (L1 Russian). The study focused on the comprehension of coordinate clauses and relative clauses, structures which are similar in Russian and English; L3 learners were tested in both languages. Results for the L3 learners showed that better performance in L2 Russian led to better performance on L3 English coordinate clauses. However, performance on L3 English relative clauses was better predicted by level of English proficiency than L2 Russian syntactic development. We propose that morphosyntactic differences between the L2/L3 can hinder the potential for facilitation between languages despite similarities at the level of syntax.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.14dew 06 10.1075/sibil.46.14dew 223 254 32 Article 14 01 04 Variation in self-perceived proficiency in two 'local' and two foreign languages among Galician students Variation in self-perceived proficiency in two 'local' and two foreign languages among Galician students 1 A01 01 JB code 460181577 Jean-Marc Dewaele Dewaele, Jean-Marc Jean-Marc Dewaele University of London 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/460181577 01 eng 03 00

This contribution investigates interindividual variation in self-perceived proficiency ratings for speaking, listening, reading and writing of 122 Galician students in Spanish, Galician, English and French. The independent variables include family and school language(s), the number of languages known, the knowledge of other Romance or Germanic languages, language attitudes and age of onset of acquisition. Independent variables for foreign languages also included visits to the target language countries and the frequency of watching foreign television channels. The effect of gender and age were considered as well. Statistical analyses revealed that with the exception of Spanish, self-perceived proficiency scores were linked to a wide range of independent variables and that the same independent variables did not necessarily have similar effects across languages.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.15lin 06 10.1075/sibil.46.15lin 255 280 26 Article 15 01 04 Advanced learners' word choices cin French L3 Advanced learners’ word choices 
in French L3 1 A01 01 JB code 658181578 Christina Lindqvist Lindqvist, Christina Christina Lindqvist Uppsala University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/658181578 01 eng 03 00

This is a follow-up on earlier studies of vocabulary acquisition and cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in advanced learners’ spoken French L3 (Lindqvist 2009, 2010; Lindqvist, Bardel & Gudmundson 2011). The purpose is to study advanced learners’ word choices in oral retellings of video films, focusing on the words chosen to express key objects, events or persons (see Jarvis 2000). It is investigated whether word choices differ between advanced learners and native speakers, and between advanced and low-intermediate learners. CLI in the learners’ word choices is also investigated. The results show that the learners use more general words than the native speakers. Furthermore, the advanced learners have more meaning-based CLI, while the low-intermediate learners have more formal CLI. Finally, some advanced learners transfer a preferred L1 option into L3.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.16wre 06 10.1075/sibil.46.16wre 281 310 30 Article 16 01 04 Foreign accentedness in third language acquisition Foreign accentedness in third language acquisition 01 04 The case of L3 English The case of L3 English 1 A01 01 JB code 56181579 Magdalena Wrembel Wrembel, Magdalena Magdalena Wrembel Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/56181579 01 eng 03 00

Research on the phonological acquisition of a third language (L3) is still in its infancy; therefore, the present contribution is intended to further investigate the area by focusing on the phenomenon of foreign accentedness and the widely disputed sources of cross-linguistic influence in L3 phonology. The study employs the technique of perceptual judgement of a foreign accent in a third language. It aims to determine whether trilingual speakers of typologically unrelated languages (i.e. L1 Polish, L2 French and L3 English) have a tendency toward L1- or L2-accented speech in L3 performance and whether this tendency is subject to change with respect to different L3 proficiency levels. The results, based on the raters’ identification of the subjects’ first language, point to the prevailing influence of the L1 Polish on the L3 English phonology irrespective of the level of L3 language proficiency, although some impact of the L2 French was also identified. Further research involving different language combinations is necessary to corroborate the directions and strength of the combined native and non-native cross-linguistic influence in the process of the acquisition of L3 phonology.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.17ind 06 10.1075/sibil.46.17ind 311 312 2 Miscellaneous 17 01 04 Index Index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/sibil.46 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20121219 C 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027241870 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027273031 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 90.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 76.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 135.00 USD
966007912 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SiBil 46 Hb 15 9789027241870 06 10.1075/sibil.46 13 2012033116 00 BB 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 720 gr 10 01 JB code SiBil 02 0928-1533 02 46.00 01 02 Studies in Bilingualism Studies in Bilingualism 01 01 Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood 1 B01 01 JB code 881171798 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/881171798 2 B01 01 JB code 812108779 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn MIT 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/812108779 3 B01 01 JB code 750108780 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida and University of Ottawa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/750108780 01 eng 11 320 03 03 vii 03 00 312 03 01 23 404/.2 03 2012 P115 04 Multilingualism. 04 Adult education. 04 Language acquisition. 04 Language and languages--Study and teaching. 04 Language transfer (Language learning) 10 LAN009000 12 CFDC 24 JB code LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 01 06 02 00 This wide-ranging overview of current trends in the study of adult additive multilingualism yields new insights into adult multilingual epistemology. It includes critical reviews of L3/Ln morphosyntax, phonology, and the lexicon, as well as individual studies with unique language pairings. 03 00 In recent years, researchers have acknowledged that the study of third language acquisition cannot simply be viewed as an extension of the study of bilingualism, and the present volume’s authors agree that a point of departure that embraces the unique properties that differentiate L2 acquisition from L3/Ln acquisition is essential. From linguistic, sociological, psychological, educational and cognitive viewpoints, it has become increasingly apparent that the study of L3/Ln acquisition can provide new evidence to help resolve ongoing debates in these areas of study. This volume uniquely provides a wide-ranging overview of current trends in the study of adult additive multilingualism from formal, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives, adding new insights into adult multilingual epistemology. This collection includes critical reviews of L3/Ln morphosyntax, phonology, and the lexicon, as well as individual studies with unique language pairings including Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and Asian languages. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/sibil.46.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027241870.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027241870.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/sibil.46.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/sibil.46.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/sibil.46.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/sibil.46.hb.png 01 01 JB code sibil.46.01ack 06 10.1075/sibil.46.01ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.02ama 06 10.1075/sibil.46.02ama 1 6 6 Article 2 01 04 Third language (L3) acquisition in adulthood Third language (L3) acquisition in adulthood 1 A01 01 JB code 772181561 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/772181561 2 A01 01 JB code 123181562 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/123181562 3 A01 01 JB code 340181563 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/340181563 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.03pa1 06 10.1075/sibil.46.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Part 1. Theory Part 1. Theory 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.04pil 06 10.1075/sibil.46.04pil 9 32 24 Article 4 01 04 L3 morphosyntax in the generative tradition L3 morphosyntax in the generative tradition 01 04 The initial stages and beyond The initial stages and beyond 1 A01 01 JB code 744181564 María del Pilar García Mayo García Mayo, María del Pilar María del Pilar García Mayo University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)> 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/744181564 2 A01 01 JB code 476181565 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman University of Florida and University of Ottawa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/476181565 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.05ama 06 10.1075/sibil.46.05ama 33 60 28 Article 5 01 04 L3 phonology L3 phonology 01 04 An understudied domain An understudied domain 1 A01 01 JB code 883181566 Jennifer Cabrelli Cabrelli, Jennifer Jennifer Cabrelli University of Florida 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/883181566 01 eng 03 00

Regardless of the reasons for which L3 phonology has not received its due attention in acquisition research in the past, its growth over the last few years has been significant. Notwithstanding, what we know within this domain thus far barely scratches the surface of what we endeavor to uncover. The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to provide an overview of existing research coupled with a critical discussion of the theoretical and methodological hurdles to overcome as the field grows, as well as to outline the directions that generative L3 phonological research can take and what such directions can yield not only for L3 acquisition specifically, but also for language acquisition theory more generally.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.06bar 06 10.1075/sibil.46.06bar 61 78 18 Article 6 01 04 The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction 1 A01 01 JB code 590181567 Camilla Bardel Bardel, Camilla Camilla Bardel Stockholm University and University of the Free State South Africa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/590181567 2 A01 01 JB code 698181568 Ylva Falk Falk, Ylva Ylva Falk Stockholm University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/698181568 01 eng 03 00

This chapter deals with the assumed qualitative difference between the learning of a chronologically true L2 and the subsequent learning of an L3, and the related issue of transfer from L2 into L3. In fact, some recent studies show that L2 can take on a stronger role than L1 as a transfer source in L3 learning. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is a strong impact of the L2 status factor, which we argue is due to the higher degree of cognitive similarity between L2 and L3 than between L1 and L3. Further theoretical support to the L2 status factor, as one of several possibly interacting factors that may determine the transfer source (L1, L2/s), is here provided by a neurolinguistic account, suggesting that the distinction between declarative and procedural memory can account for what might lie behind it.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.07bot 06 10.1075/sibil.46.07bot 79 94 16 Article 7 01 04 Rethinking multilingual processing Rethinking multilingual processing 01 04 From a static to a dynamic approach From a static to a dynamic approach 1 A01 01 JB code 18181569 Kees Bot Bot, Kees Kees Bot University of Groningen and University of the Free State South Africa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/18181569 01 eng 03 00

This contribution has four parts: in the first part, existing models of multilingual processing are presented and some of their main characteristics are discussed. In the second part, the Dynamic Systems Theory is presented in brief followed by a discussion what this means for our traditional way of looking at multilingual processing. In the third part, the requirements for a dynamic model are sketched. Finally, the relation between multilingualism and a dynamic systems approach is discussed.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.08sin 06 10.1075/sibil.46.08sin 95 114 20 Article 8 01 04 Multilingual lexical operations Multilingual lexical operations 01 04 Keeping it all together ... and apart Keeping it all together ... and apart 1 A01 01 JB code 178181570 David Singleton Singleton, David David Singleton Trinity College, Dublin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/178181570 01 eng 03 00

This paper begins by providing a brief historical overview of perspectives on the notion of cross-linguistic influence. It goes on to discuss the application of this notion to the lexical domain, and then offers some thoughts on what cross-lexical interaction does and does not imply with regard to the organization of the mental lexicon. In particular, the paper argues that the first language mental lexicon and the mental lexicons of additional languages known to an individual are neither impermeably separate nor radically unitary. It also calls into question the proposition that cross-lexical interplay is simply a matter of languages blurring into one another.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.09sla 06 10.1075/sibil.46.09sla 115 140 26 Article 9 01 04 L3/Ln acquisition L3/Ln acquisition 01 04 A view from the outside A view from the outside 1 A01 01 JB code 597181571 Roumyana Slabakova Slabakova, Roumyana Roumyana Slabakova University of Iowa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/597181571 01 eng 03 00

This paper approaches the research questions in current L3 acquisition research from the point of view of the current debates in L2A. We consider published L3 acquisition data to see whether four current hypotheses: the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis, the Interface Hypothesis, the Bottleneck Hypothesis and the Interpretability Hypothesis can give us explanations of the linguistic processes of multilingualism. As an answer to the question “what transfers in L3A?”, the Modular Transfer Hypothesis is proposed, arguing that what transfers is essentially dependent on the intrinsic difficulty of the linguistic property. It is demonstrated that difficulty depends both on morphology and/or meaning mismatches between the L1, L2 and L3, as well as on the frequency of the available evidence for the property to be acquired.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.10pa2 06 10.1075/sibil.46.10pa2 Section header 10 01 04 Part 2. Empirical studies Part 2. Empirical studies 01 eng 01 01 JB code sibil.46.11ber 06 10.1075/sibil.46.11ber 143 164 22 Article 11 01 04 Further evidence in support of the Cumulative-Enhancement Model Further evidence in support of the Cumulative-Enhancement Model 01 04 CP structure development CP structure development 1 A01 01 JB code 915181572 Éva Fernández-Berkes Fernández-Berkes, Éva Éva Fernández-Berkes University of Applied Sciences of Burgenland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/915181572 2 A01 01 JB code 249181573 Suzanne Flynn Flynn, Suzanne Suzanne Flynn Massachusetts Institute of Technology 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/249181573 01 eng 03 00

The Cumulative- Enhancement Model proposed by Flynn et al. (2004) seeks to provide an explanatory model for multiple language acquisition. Results reported in this paper present further evidence in support of this model. Results of an elicited imitation task comparing the production of relative clauses by learners of German L1 and Hungarian L1/German L2 acquiring L2 and L3 English respectively at three levels of proficiency indicate, on the one hand, an increased facilitation in subsequent acquisition with each new language learned and, on the other hand, development of syntactic knowledge in L3 acquisition that cannot be explained in terms of an astructural transfer from the last language learned.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.12jae 06 10.1075/sibil.46.12jae 165 194 30 Article 12 01 04 Acquisition of L3 German Acquisition of L3 German 01 04 Do some learners have it easier? Do some learners have it easier? 1 A01 01 JB code 441181574 Carol Jaensch Jaensch, Carol Carol Jaensch University of Essex 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/441181574 01 eng 03 00

In order to test current generative third language (L3) acquisition theories, this study attempts to tease apart the effect of first (L1) and second language (L2) knowledge on properties in the L3 of German. The properties tested are gender assignment, gender concord and the definite/indefinite contrast. The groups are L1 Spanish and L1 Japanese, both groups with L2 English. The L2 proficiency level was also considered and a general trend was observed such that learners with a higher L2 proficiency outperformed those with a lower one. In relation to the question of access to Universal Grammar (UG) by non-native learners, a task effect was found in that the results from the definiteness task offer some limited support for ‘Full Access’ accounts; however overall there is stronger, albeit indirect, support for representational deficit accounts.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.13kul 06 10.1075/sibil.46.13kul 195 222 28 Article 13 01 04 Examining the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition Examining the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition 01 04 A look at relative clauses A look at relative clauses 1 A01 01 JB code 783181575 Valeria Kulundary Kulundary, Valeria Valeria Kulundary Tuvan State University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/783181575 2 A01 01 JB code 123181576 Alison Gabriele Gabriele, Alison Alison Gabriele University of Kansas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/123181576 01 eng 03 00

We examine the role of L2 syntactic development in L3 acquisition. Participants included 132 L3 learners of English (L2 Russian/L1 Tuvan) and 20 L2 learners of English (L1 Russian). The study focused on the comprehension of coordinate clauses and relative clauses, structures which are similar in Russian and English; L3 learners were tested in both languages. Results for the L3 learners showed that better performance in L2 Russian led to better performance on L3 English coordinate clauses. However, performance on L3 English relative clauses was better predicted by level of English proficiency than L2 Russian syntactic development. We propose that morphosyntactic differences between the L2/L3 can hinder the potential for facilitation between languages despite similarities at the level of syntax.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.14dew 06 10.1075/sibil.46.14dew 223 254 32 Article 14 01 04 Variation in self-perceived proficiency in two 'local' and two foreign languages among Galician students Variation in self-perceived proficiency in two 'local' and two foreign languages among Galician students 1 A01 01 JB code 460181577 Jean-Marc Dewaele Dewaele, Jean-Marc Jean-Marc Dewaele University of London 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/460181577 01 eng 03 00

This contribution investigates interindividual variation in self-perceived proficiency ratings for speaking, listening, reading and writing of 122 Galician students in Spanish, Galician, English and French. The independent variables include family and school language(s), the number of languages known, the knowledge of other Romance or Germanic languages, language attitudes and age of onset of acquisition. Independent variables for foreign languages also included visits to the target language countries and the frequency of watching foreign television channels. The effect of gender and age were considered as well. Statistical analyses revealed that with the exception of Spanish, self-perceived proficiency scores were linked to a wide range of independent variables and that the same independent variables did not necessarily have similar effects across languages.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.15lin 06 10.1075/sibil.46.15lin 255 280 26 Article 15 01 04 Advanced learners' word choices cin French L3 Advanced learners’ word choices 
in French L3 1 A01 01 JB code 658181578 Christina Lindqvist Lindqvist, Christina Christina Lindqvist Uppsala University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/658181578 01 eng 03 00

This is a follow-up on earlier studies of vocabulary acquisition and cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in advanced learners’ spoken French L3 (Lindqvist 2009, 2010; Lindqvist, Bardel & Gudmundson 2011). The purpose is to study advanced learners’ word choices in oral retellings of video films, focusing on the words chosen to express key objects, events or persons (see Jarvis 2000). It is investigated whether word choices differ between advanced learners and native speakers, and between advanced and low-intermediate learners. CLI in the learners’ word choices is also investigated. The results show that the learners use more general words than the native speakers. Furthermore, the advanced learners have more meaning-based CLI, while the low-intermediate learners have more formal CLI. Finally, some advanced learners transfer a preferred L1 option into L3.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.16wre 06 10.1075/sibil.46.16wre 281 310 30 Article 16 01 04 Foreign accentedness in third language acquisition Foreign accentedness in third language acquisition 01 04 The case of L3 English The case of L3 English 1 A01 01 JB code 56181579 Magdalena Wrembel Wrembel, Magdalena Magdalena Wrembel Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/56181579 01 eng 03 00

Research on the phonological acquisition of a third language (L3) is still in its infancy; therefore, the present contribution is intended to further investigate the area by focusing on the phenomenon of foreign accentedness and the widely disputed sources of cross-linguistic influence in L3 phonology. The study employs the technique of perceptual judgement of a foreign accent in a third language. It aims to determine whether trilingual speakers of typologically unrelated languages (i.e. L1 Polish, L2 French and L3 English) have a tendency toward L1- or L2-accented speech in L3 performance and whether this tendency is subject to change with respect to different L3 proficiency levels. The results, based on the raters’ identification of the subjects’ first language, point to the prevailing influence of the L1 Polish on the L3 English phonology irrespective of the level of L3 language proficiency, although some impact of the L2 French was also identified. Further research involving different language combinations is necessary to corroborate the directions and strength of the combined native and non-native cross-linguistic influence in the process of the acquisition of L3 phonology.

01 01 JB code sibil.46.17ind 06 10.1075/sibil.46.17ind 311 312 2 Miscellaneous 17 01 04 Index Index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/sibil.46 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20121219 C 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 6 16 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 90.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 76.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 6 16 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 135.00 USD