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580011255 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SiBil 51 Eb 15 9789027266262 06 10.1075/sibil.51 13 2016038789 DG 002 02 01 SiBil 02 0928-1533 Studies in Bilingualism 51 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language Acquisition Beyond Parameters</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Studies in honour of Juana M. Liceras</Subtitle> 01 sibil.51 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/sibil.51 1 B01 Anahí Alba de la Fuente Alba de la Fuente, Anahí Anahí Alba de la Fuente University of Montreal 2 B01 Elena Valenzuela Valenzuela, Elena Elena Valenzuela University of Ottawa 3 B01 Cristina Martínez Sanz Martínez Sanz, Cristina Cristina Martínez Sanz Nebrija University, Madrid 01 eng 311 vi 305 LAN009060 v.2006 CFDC 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 The chapters in this volume take different approaches to the exploration of language acquisition processes in various populations (monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition, L2 acquisition) and address issues in syntax, morphology, pragmatics, language processing and interface phenomena. This volume is a tribute to Juana M. Liceras’ fundamental and enduring contribution to the field of Spanish Second Language Acquisition (SLA). All the chapters in the volume are linked to or inspired by Juana’s extensive body of work, and, like Juana’s research, they all stand at the crossroads of formal and experimental linguistics. Together, the studies presented in this volume are a reflection of Juana’s impact both as a mentor and as a collaborative researcher while at the same time showcasing current trends and new directions in the field of generative SLA. 05 This volume is a wonderful tribute to Juana Liceras by her students and collaborators. It touches on several themes of Licera’s pioneering work in second language acquisition that are still at the forefront of language acquisition research, namely the relevance of the syntax/pragmatics interface to the study of the acquisition of null pronouns in L2, the L1/L2 acquisition of nominal features and word order in relative clauses, and issues related to monolingual and bilingual acquisition. This volume will prove useful for all scholars interested in the challenging questions of how the syntax and interpretation of intricate properties of natural language are acquired by early and late learners in language contact situations. Maria Luisa Zubizarreta, University of Southern California 05 This collection of papers gives an excellent and inspiring overview of the impact of the last 30 years of research on theory guided Spanish language acquistion across different populations. The contributions show that Juana Liceras has been at the forefront of many new developments in language acquistion and theory: studies adressing both production and comprehension, based on experimental work and on large bilingual databases, from the acquisition of syntax by adult L2 learners to interface vulnerabilities across the lifespan. This volume does not only constitute an honour to Juana Liceras but also to the lively field of (bilingual) language acquistion of Spanish in a comparative perspective. It will no doubt become a classical read for all those interested in language acquisition and linguistic theory. Aafke Hulk, University of Amsterdam 05 This tribute to Juana Liceras brings together a rich and interesting — sometimes provocative — set of essays and studies representing the various strands of research found in Licera’s long and fruitful career. With both established and less established scholarly voices, there is much in this volume for those of us researching the morpho-syntactic component of Spanish L2 grammars: everything from basic generative research to issues in interface (e.g., syntax-discourse, syntax- semantics). This book should be on the shelf of every scholar and serious student. Bill VanPatten, Michigan State University 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/sibil.51.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027241931.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027241931.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/sibil.51.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/sibil.51.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/sibil.51.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/sibil.51.hb.png 10 01 JB code sibil.51.001pre 1 2 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface and acknowledgements</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.01int 3 14 12 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">L2 acquisition</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">links, crossroads, parameters and beyond</Subtitle> 1 A01 Anahí Alba de la Fuente Alba de la Fuente, Anahí Anahí Alba de la Fuente Université de Montréal 2 A01 Cristina Martínez Sanz Martínez Sanz, Cristina Cristina Martínez Sanz Universidad Nebrija 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Parameters and beyond</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.02whi 17 35 19 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pro-drop then and now</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Changing perspectives on null subjects in second language acquisition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lydia White White, Lydia Lydia White McGill University 20 features 20 morphological uniformity 20 null subjects 20 optional infinitives 20 parameter resetting 20 pro-drop parameter 20 root infinitives 20 syntax-discourse interface 01 This paper provides an overview and analysis of changing perspectives on null subjects in L2 research. Three phases of research are identified, focusing on: (i) the issue of parameter resetting, conceived in terms of the null subject parameter as originally formulated; (ii) the relationship of null subjects to properties of functional features and associated morphology; (iii) discourse constraints on the realization of null and overt subjects. Conflicting data and theories are discussed, touching on the extent of transfer of null subjects from the L1, whether a parameter is involved, and what other properties might explain the distribution of null subjects in L2 grammars. Despite the lack of consensus, investigation of null subjects has provided fruitful insights into the nature of interlanguage grammars. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.03bel 37 70 34 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Reference comprehension and production in bilingual Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The view from null subject languages</Subtitle> 1 A01 Aurora Bel Bel, Aurora Aurora Bel Universitat Pompeu Fabra 2 A01 Estela García-Alcaraz García-Alcaraz, Estela Estela García-Alcaraz Universitat de Barcelona 3 A01 Elisa Rosado Rosado, Elisa Elisa Rosado 20 features 20 morphological uniformity 20 null subjects 20 optional infinitives 20 parameter resetting 20 pro-drop parameter 20 root infinitives 20 syntax-discourse interface 01 Recent work suggests that bilingual speakers do not seem to behave native-like when syntax and pragmatics converge (Sorace, 2011). This study investigates subject pronouns because they allow observing how speakers integrate morphosyntactic forms with pragmatic information. Our goal is to determine whether Moroccan Arabic (MA)/Spanish bilinguals display different antecedent biases for null and overt pronoun both in comprehension and production when the two languages of the bilinguals are both null-subject languages. We tested two groups: MA/Spanish bilinguals and native speakers of Spanish. Participants completed an acceptability judgment test and a written narrative task. Results suggest an L1-like strategy in the comprehension and production of null pronouns whereas overt pronouns seem to diverge suggesting an overproduction/over acceptance, in line with previous work. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p2 Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Features and crossroads L1/L2</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.04kla 73 98 26 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">When masculine as default supercedes L1 transfer</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Bilingual speakers of languages with asymmetric gender systems</Subtitle> 1 A01 Rachel Klassen Klassen, Rachel Rachel Klassen University of Ottawa 20 asymmetric gender systems 20 grammatical gender 20 L1 transfer 20 masculine as default 01 Previous research has shown that L2 gender use strategies vary according to the bilingual&#8217;s L1, with native speakers of languages without grammatical gender (such as English) tending to use masculine as a default while native speakers of languages with a gender feature (such as Spanish) opt for transfer of the L1 gender. In this study we examine L1 Spanish-L2 German bilinguals&#8217; use of gender in the L2 through an analysis of errors in oral production. The results showed that, contrary to what has previously been found for L1 speakers of languages with grammatical gender, these bilinguals tended to use masculine as a default strategy. We argue that the difference in L2 gender use strategy is due to the unique representation of the Spanish and German gender systems. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.05bru 99 124 26 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">L2 knowledge of gender and number agreement in Spanish noun ellipsis</TitleText> 1 A01 Joyce Bruhn de Garavito Bruhn de Garavito, Joyce Joyce Bruhn de Garavito The University of Western Ontario 2 A01 Marcela Otálora Otálora, Marcela Marcela Otálora 20 gender 20 L2 acquisition 20 nominal ellipsis 20 number 20 Spanish 01 This study focuses on second language knowledge of number and gender in Spanish using ellipsis as a point of departure. Eleven adult learners of Spanish as a second language (L2), and 9 native Spanish speakers were tested on a written elicited production task and a grammaticality judgment task. Results provided evidence that L2 speakers are able to access features not present in their L1, such as gender and number, and that they are then able to compare the relevant features to antecedents. It is argued that problems in the production of gender are not due to any underlying deficit. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.06mil 125 145 21 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Not just <i>algunos</i>, but indeed <i>unos</i> L2ers can acquire scalar implicatures in L2 Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 David Miller Miller, David David Miller University of Reading 2 A01 David Giancaspro Giancaspro, David David Giancaspro Rutgers University 3 A01 Michael Iverson Iverson, Michael Michael Iverson Indiana University 4 A01 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman UiT, the Arctic University of Norway 5 A01 Roumyana Slabakova Slabakova, Roumyana Roumyana Slabakova University of Southampton 20 algunos 20 implicature 20 scalar 20 unos 01 This study examines interpretation of scalar implicatures (SI) in the L2 Spanish of native English advanced learners. Spanish is especially interesting since, unlike English, it has two indefinite determiners, <i>unos</i> and <i>algunos</i>, which ostensibly map to English <i>some</i>. However, each does not allow an implicature like English <i>some</i>. The complexity of the Spanish system is predicted to make Spanish particularly challenging. We present data from a Video Acceptability Judgment experiment where the subset &#8211; whole set distinction is applied to <i>algunos/unos.</i> The videos contain sets of 4 participants, in which 0, 3 or all 4 engage in an action. Test sentences are presented after the video clips in four target conditions: (a) <i>algunos</i> with 4 out of 4 (4/4) video, (b) <i>algunos</i> with 3 out of 4 (3/4) video, (c) <i>unos</i> with 4/4 video and (d) <i>unos</i> with 3/4 video. Judgments on the 4/4 video conditions, especially the <i>algunos</i> condition, indicate whether implicatures are projected or not. If participants are sensitive to the idiosyncratic restrictions on <i>algunos</i> for implicatures, one expects to find a distinction between <i>algunos</i> and <i>unos</i> in the 4/4 condition, and between 4/4 versus 3/4 conditions with<i> algunos</i>. Both participant groups (native speakers and advanced L2ers) perform the experiment similarly. Both groups make the two relevant distinctions to the same degree. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p3 Section header 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Word order and complex structures</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.07san 149 185 37 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Comprehension of subject and object relative clauses by second language learners of Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Noelia Sánchez-Walker Sánchez-Walker, Noelia Noelia Sánchez-Walker University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2 A01 Silvina Montrul Montrul, Silvina Silvina Montrul 20 Accessibility Hierarchy 20 complementizer phrase 20 Full Transfer/Full Access Hypothesis 20 pro-drop parameter 20 relative clause 20 wh-movement 01 This study investigates the aural comprehension of Spanish subject and object relative clauses in second language (L2) learners of intermediate and advanced proficiency in cases where the position of the subject, the object and the verb vary within the complementizer phrase (CP). Subject and object relative clauses in Spanish can have verb-object and subject-verb order in the CP, as in English, as well as object-verb and verb-subject, unlike English. Studies of relative clauses have shown that learners are more accurate with the comprehension of subject than with object relative clauses, and our study sought to find out whether, in addition to type of relative clause (subject, object), the order of the constituents within the relative clause played a role in learner&#8217;s accuracy as a function of their proficiency in Spanish. A group of 19 English-speaking learners of Spanish divided into two proficiency levels (intermediate and advanced) and a group of 10 native speakers completed an aural picture-matching task and a grammaticality judgment task. Only the advanced learners with the highest proficiency scores were accurate with object relative clauses with S-V inversion. These results suggest that language transfer is more evidenced at lower proficiency levels, as the Full Transfer/Full Access Hypothesis predicts. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.08cuz 187 209 23 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On the production of differential object marking and <i>wh</i>-question formation in native and non-native Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Alejandro Cuza Cuza, Alejandro Alejandro Cuza Purdue University 2 A01 Lauren Miller Miller, Lauren Lauren Miller 3 A01 Mariluz Ortíz Ortíz, Mariluz Mariluz Ortíz 20 cross-linguistic influence 20 differential object marking 20 L2 acquisition 20 syntax-semantics interface 20 Wh- questions 01 The present study explores the elicited production of differential object marking and subject-verb inversion in matrix and embedded <i>wh-</i> questions in Spanish among 16 English-speaking L2 learners and 17 Spanish-speaking immigrants serving as control baseline. Results from an elicited production task show high levels of variability among the L2 learners, crucially with differential object marking in animate and specific contexts and with obligatory inversion in embedded <i>wh-</i> questions. Furthermore, our data show overall more difficulty with inversion in embedded questions than with differential object marking, suggesting that structural complexity, frequency and transfer from English may cause a structure not on an interface level to present more difficulties for advanced L2 learners in this case. The results are discussed along the lines with previous research on vulnerable domains, and the role crosslinguistic influence, structural complexity and surface overlap in language development. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p4 Section header 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.09mar 213 236 24 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">In search of the perfect tense</TitleText> 1 A01 Joanne Markle LaMontagne LaMontagne, Joanne Markle Joanne Markle LaMontagne University of Toronto 2 A01 Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux Pérez-Leroux, Ana Teresa Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux 20 L1 acquisition 20 Mexican Spanish 20 present perfect 20 tense and aspect 01 Across languages, the present perfect introduces a time interval whose right boundary extends to the present time (<i>Todav&#237;a no ha llegado</i>/&#8216;She still has not arrived&#8217;), but there is variation as to whether perfect forms constitute marked or unmarked forms of past tense reference. We examine the acquisition of the present perfect in Mexican Spanish, a dialect where the perfect is highly marked. We explore patterns of use in present tense contexts in an elicitation study of 17 Mexican children (<i>M</i>&#8239;=&#8239;5;7). Children perform well with the preterite, but use few perfect targets. Their most prominent response in perfect scenarios is not the preterite but the present tense, suggesting that to avoid the complexity of the perfect, children focus on the expression of the reference rather than the event time. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.10fue 237 279 43 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The acquisition of grammatical gender in L1 bilingual Spanish</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">acquisition of grammatical gender in L1 bilingual Spanish</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Raquel Fernández Fuertes Fernández Fuertes, Raquel Raquel Fernández Fuertes University of Valladolid Language Acquisition Lab 2 A01 Esther Álvarez de la Fuente Álvarez de la Fuente, Esther Esther Álvarez de la Fuente 3 A01 Sonja Mujcinovic Mujcinovic, Sonja Sonja Mujcinovic 20 bilingual Spanish 20 DP syntax 20 gender concord 20 gender features 20 grammatical gender 01 We analyze the emergence of grammatical gender in the spontaneous longitudinal Spanish production of a set of Spanish/English bilingual twins from the FerFuLice corpus (Fern&#225;ndez Fuertes &#38; Liceras, 2009). We take as a point of departure theoretical accounts on gender assignment and gender concord and previous empirical work on the acquisition of gender by monolinguals and bilinguals. Our study deals with how gender incorporates in the case of L1 Spanish bilinguals; how concord within the determiner phrase (DP) operates; and how monolingual and bilingual Spanish pattern in the same way in this respect. We conclude that DP syntax and the gender concord valuation mechanism are in place from very early stages and that morphology and semantics are not determinant factors in this process. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.11car 281 301 21 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Applying computing innovations to bilingual corpus analysis</TitleText> 1 A01 Diana Carter Carter, Diana Diana Carter University of British Columbia 2 A01 Mirjam Broersma Broersma, Mirjam Mirjam Broersma Centre for Research on Bilingualism, Bangor University 3 A01 Kevin Donnelly Donnelly, Kevin Kevin Donnelly Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University 20 autoglossing 20 automated clause-splitting 20 bilingual corpus 20 codeswitching 01 With current innovations in corpus analysis, it is now possible to extract and analyze large amounts of monolingual and bilingual data in minutes, as opposed to the numerous hours previously needed to manually analyze a much smaller quantum of data. In this chapter, we review innovative techniques in bilingual corpus building and analysis, which include the use of automated glossing to allow the extraction of data that can then be statistically analyzed using mixed-effects models. We discuss the application of these techniques, among others, and provide examples from three bilingual corpora. We end by suggesting how researchers may benefit from the increasingly powerful computing capability that is now available. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.12ind 303 305 3 Miscellaneous 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20161216 2016 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027241931 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 95.00 EUR R 01 00 80.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 143.00 USD S 871011254 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SiBil 51 Hb 15 9789027241931 13 2016038789 BB 01 SiBil 02 0928-1533 Studies in Bilingualism 51 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language Acquisition Beyond Parameters</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Studies in honour of Juana M. Liceras</Subtitle> 01 sibil.51 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/sibil.51 1 B01 Anahí Alba de la Fuente Alba de la Fuente, Anahí Anahí Alba de la Fuente University of Montreal 2 B01 Elena Valenzuela Valenzuela, Elena Elena Valenzuela University of Ottawa 3 B01 Cristina Martínez Sanz Martínez Sanz, Cristina Cristina Martínez Sanz Nebrija University, Madrid 01 eng 311 vi 305 LAN009060 v.2006 CFDC 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 The chapters in this volume take different approaches to the exploration of language acquisition processes in various populations (monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition, L2 acquisition) and address issues in syntax, morphology, pragmatics, language processing and interface phenomena. This volume is a tribute to Juana M. Liceras’ fundamental and enduring contribution to the field of Spanish Second Language Acquisition (SLA). All the chapters in the volume are linked to or inspired by Juana’s extensive body of work, and, like Juana’s research, they all stand at the crossroads of formal and experimental linguistics. Together, the studies presented in this volume are a reflection of Juana’s impact both as a mentor and as a collaborative researcher while at the same time showcasing current trends and new directions in the field of generative SLA. 05 This volume is a wonderful tribute to Juana Liceras by her students and collaborators. It touches on several themes of Licera’s pioneering work in second language acquisition that are still at the forefront of language acquisition research, namely the relevance of the syntax/pragmatics interface to the study of the acquisition of null pronouns in L2, the L1/L2 acquisition of nominal features and word order in relative clauses, and issues related to monolingual and bilingual acquisition. This volume will prove useful for all scholars interested in the challenging questions of how the syntax and interpretation of intricate properties of natural language are acquired by early and late learners in language contact situations. Maria Luisa Zubizarreta, University of Southern California 05 This collection of papers gives an excellent and inspiring overview of the impact of the last 30 years of research on theory guided Spanish language acquistion across different populations. The contributions show that Juana Liceras has been at the forefront of many new developments in language acquistion and theory: studies adressing both production and comprehension, based on experimental work and on large bilingual databases, from the acquisition of syntax by adult L2 learners to interface vulnerabilities across the lifespan. This volume does not only constitute an honour to Juana Liceras but also to the lively field of (bilingual) language acquistion of Spanish in a comparative perspective. It will no doubt become a classical read for all those interested in language acquisition and linguistic theory. Aafke Hulk, University of Amsterdam 05 This tribute to Juana Liceras brings together a rich and interesting — sometimes provocative — set of essays and studies representing the various strands of research found in Licera’s long and fruitful career. With both established and less established scholarly voices, there is much in this volume for those of us researching the morpho-syntactic component of Spanish L2 grammars: everything from basic generative research to issues in interface (e.g., syntax-discourse, syntax- semantics). This book should be on the shelf of every scholar and serious student. Bill VanPatten, Michigan State University 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/sibil.51.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027241931.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027241931.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/sibil.51.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/sibil.51.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/sibil.51.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/sibil.51.hb.png 10 01 JB code sibil.51.001pre 1 2 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface and acknowledgements</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.01int 3 14 12 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">L2 acquisition</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">links, crossroads, parameters and beyond</Subtitle> 1 A01 Anahí Alba de la Fuente Alba de la Fuente, Anahí Anahí Alba de la Fuente Université de Montréal 2 A01 Cristina Martínez Sanz Martínez Sanz, Cristina Cristina Martínez Sanz Universidad Nebrija 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Parameters and beyond</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.02whi 17 35 19 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pro-drop then and now</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Changing perspectives on null subjects in second language acquisition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lydia White White, Lydia Lydia White McGill University 20 features 20 morphological uniformity 20 null subjects 20 optional infinitives 20 parameter resetting 20 pro-drop parameter 20 root infinitives 20 syntax-discourse interface 01 This paper provides an overview and analysis of changing perspectives on null subjects in L2 research. Three phases of research are identified, focusing on: (i) the issue of parameter resetting, conceived in terms of the null subject parameter as originally formulated; (ii) the relationship of null subjects to properties of functional features and associated morphology; (iii) discourse constraints on the realization of null and overt subjects. Conflicting data and theories are discussed, touching on the extent of transfer of null subjects from the L1, whether a parameter is involved, and what other properties might explain the distribution of null subjects in L2 grammars. Despite the lack of consensus, investigation of null subjects has provided fruitful insights into the nature of interlanguage grammars. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.03bel 37 70 34 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Reference comprehension and production in bilingual Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The view from null subject languages</Subtitle> 1 A01 Aurora Bel Bel, Aurora Aurora Bel Universitat Pompeu Fabra 2 A01 Estela García-Alcaraz García-Alcaraz, Estela Estela García-Alcaraz Universitat de Barcelona 3 A01 Elisa Rosado Rosado, Elisa Elisa Rosado 20 features 20 morphological uniformity 20 null subjects 20 optional infinitives 20 parameter resetting 20 pro-drop parameter 20 root infinitives 20 syntax-discourse interface 01 Recent work suggests that bilingual speakers do not seem to behave native-like when syntax and pragmatics converge (Sorace, 2011). This study investigates subject pronouns because they allow observing how speakers integrate morphosyntactic forms with pragmatic information. Our goal is to determine whether Moroccan Arabic (MA)/Spanish bilinguals display different antecedent biases for null and overt pronoun both in comprehension and production when the two languages of the bilinguals are both null-subject languages. We tested two groups: MA/Spanish bilinguals and native speakers of Spanish. Participants completed an acceptability judgment test and a written narrative task. Results suggest an L1-like strategy in the comprehension and production of null pronouns whereas overt pronouns seem to diverge suggesting an overproduction/over acceptance, in line with previous work. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p2 Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Features and crossroads L1/L2</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.04kla 73 98 26 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">When masculine as default supercedes L1 transfer</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Bilingual speakers of languages with asymmetric gender systems</Subtitle> 1 A01 Rachel Klassen Klassen, Rachel Rachel Klassen University of Ottawa 20 asymmetric gender systems 20 grammatical gender 20 L1 transfer 20 masculine as default 01 Previous research has shown that L2 gender use strategies vary according to the bilingual&#8217;s L1, with native speakers of languages without grammatical gender (such as English) tending to use masculine as a default while native speakers of languages with a gender feature (such as Spanish) opt for transfer of the L1 gender. In this study we examine L1 Spanish-L2 German bilinguals&#8217; use of gender in the L2 through an analysis of errors in oral production. The results showed that, contrary to what has previously been found for L1 speakers of languages with grammatical gender, these bilinguals tended to use masculine as a default strategy. We argue that the difference in L2 gender use strategy is due to the unique representation of the Spanish and German gender systems. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.05bru 99 124 26 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">L2 knowledge of gender and number agreement in Spanish noun ellipsis</TitleText> 1 A01 Joyce Bruhn de Garavito Bruhn de Garavito, Joyce Joyce Bruhn de Garavito The University of Western Ontario 2 A01 Marcela Otálora Otálora, Marcela Marcela Otálora 20 gender 20 L2 acquisition 20 nominal ellipsis 20 number 20 Spanish 01 This study focuses on second language knowledge of number and gender in Spanish using ellipsis as a point of departure. Eleven adult learners of Spanish as a second language (L2), and 9 native Spanish speakers were tested on a written elicited production task and a grammaticality judgment task. Results provided evidence that L2 speakers are able to access features not present in their L1, such as gender and number, and that they are then able to compare the relevant features to antecedents. It is argued that problems in the production of gender are not due to any underlying deficit. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.06mil 125 145 21 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Not just <i>algunos</i>, but indeed <i>unos</i> L2ers can acquire scalar implicatures in L2 Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 David Miller Miller, David David Miller University of Reading 2 A01 David Giancaspro Giancaspro, David David Giancaspro Rutgers University 3 A01 Michael Iverson Iverson, Michael Michael Iverson Indiana University 4 A01 Jason Rothman Rothman, Jason Jason Rothman UiT, the Arctic University of Norway 5 A01 Roumyana Slabakova Slabakova, Roumyana Roumyana Slabakova University of Southampton 20 algunos 20 implicature 20 scalar 20 unos 01 This study examines interpretation of scalar implicatures (SI) in the L2 Spanish of native English advanced learners. Spanish is especially interesting since, unlike English, it has two indefinite determiners, <i>unos</i> and <i>algunos</i>, which ostensibly map to English <i>some</i>. However, each does not allow an implicature like English <i>some</i>. The complexity of the Spanish system is predicted to make Spanish particularly challenging. We present data from a Video Acceptability Judgment experiment where the subset &#8211; whole set distinction is applied to <i>algunos/unos.</i> The videos contain sets of 4 participants, in which 0, 3 or all 4 engage in an action. Test sentences are presented after the video clips in four target conditions: (a) <i>algunos</i> with 4 out of 4 (4/4) video, (b) <i>algunos</i> with 3 out of 4 (3/4) video, (c) <i>unos</i> with 4/4 video and (d) <i>unos</i> with 3/4 video. Judgments on the 4/4 video conditions, especially the <i>algunos</i> condition, indicate whether implicatures are projected or not. If participants are sensitive to the idiosyncratic restrictions on <i>algunos</i> for implicatures, one expects to find a distinction between <i>algunos</i> and <i>unos</i> in the 4/4 condition, and between 4/4 versus 3/4 conditions with<i> algunos</i>. Both participant groups (native speakers and advanced L2ers) perform the experiment similarly. Both groups make the two relevant distinctions to the same degree. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p3 Section header 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Word order and complex structures</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.07san 149 185 37 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Comprehension of subject and object relative clauses by second language learners of Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Noelia Sánchez-Walker Sánchez-Walker, Noelia Noelia Sánchez-Walker University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2 A01 Silvina Montrul Montrul, Silvina Silvina Montrul 20 Accessibility Hierarchy 20 complementizer phrase 20 Full Transfer/Full Access Hypothesis 20 pro-drop parameter 20 relative clause 20 wh-movement 01 This study investigates the aural comprehension of Spanish subject and object relative clauses in second language (L2) learners of intermediate and advanced proficiency in cases where the position of the subject, the object and the verb vary within the complementizer phrase (CP). Subject and object relative clauses in Spanish can have verb-object and subject-verb order in the CP, as in English, as well as object-verb and verb-subject, unlike English. Studies of relative clauses have shown that learners are more accurate with the comprehension of subject than with object relative clauses, and our study sought to find out whether, in addition to type of relative clause (subject, object), the order of the constituents within the relative clause played a role in learner&#8217;s accuracy as a function of their proficiency in Spanish. A group of 19 English-speaking learners of Spanish divided into two proficiency levels (intermediate and advanced) and a group of 10 native speakers completed an aural picture-matching task and a grammaticality judgment task. Only the advanced learners with the highest proficiency scores were accurate with object relative clauses with S-V inversion. These results suggest that language transfer is more evidenced at lower proficiency levels, as the Full Transfer/Full Access Hypothesis predicts. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.08cuz 187 209 23 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On the production of differential object marking and <i>wh</i>-question formation in native and non-native Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Alejandro Cuza Cuza, Alejandro Alejandro Cuza Purdue University 2 A01 Lauren Miller Miller, Lauren Lauren Miller 3 A01 Mariluz Ortíz Ortíz, Mariluz Mariluz Ortíz 20 cross-linguistic influence 20 differential object marking 20 L2 acquisition 20 syntax-semantics interface 20 Wh- questions 01 The present study explores the elicited production of differential object marking and subject-verb inversion in matrix and embedded <i>wh-</i> questions in Spanish among 16 English-speaking L2 learners and 17 Spanish-speaking immigrants serving as control baseline. Results from an elicited production task show high levels of variability among the L2 learners, crucially with differential object marking in animate and specific contexts and with obligatory inversion in embedded <i>wh-</i> questions. Furthermore, our data show overall more difficulty with inversion in embedded questions than with differential object marking, suggesting that structural complexity, frequency and transfer from English may cause a structure not on an interface level to present more difficulties for advanced L2 learners in this case. The results are discussed along the lines with previous research on vulnerable domains, and the role crosslinguistic influence, structural complexity and surface overlap in language development. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.p4 Section header 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition</TitleText> 10 01 JB code sibil.51.09mar 213 236 24 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">In search of the perfect tense</TitleText> 1 A01 Joanne Markle LaMontagne LaMontagne, Joanne Markle Joanne Markle LaMontagne University of Toronto 2 A01 Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux Pérez-Leroux, Ana Teresa Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux 20 L1 acquisition 20 Mexican Spanish 20 present perfect 20 tense and aspect 01 Across languages, the present perfect introduces a time interval whose right boundary extends to the present time (<i>Todav&#237;a no ha llegado</i>/&#8216;She still has not arrived&#8217;), but there is variation as to whether perfect forms constitute marked or unmarked forms of past tense reference. We examine the acquisition of the present perfect in Mexican Spanish, a dialect where the perfect is highly marked. We explore patterns of use in present tense contexts in an elicitation study of 17 Mexican children (<i>M</i>&#8239;=&#8239;5;7). Children perform well with the preterite, but use few perfect targets. Their most prominent response in perfect scenarios is not the preterite but the present tense, suggesting that to avoid the complexity of the perfect, children focus on the expression of the reference rather than the event time. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.10fue 237 279 43 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The acquisition of grammatical gender in L1 bilingual Spanish</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">acquisition of grammatical gender in L1 bilingual Spanish</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Raquel Fernández Fuertes Fernández Fuertes, Raquel Raquel Fernández Fuertes University of Valladolid Language Acquisition Lab 2 A01 Esther Álvarez de la Fuente Álvarez de la Fuente, Esther Esther Álvarez de la Fuente 3 A01 Sonja Mujcinovic Mujcinovic, Sonja Sonja Mujcinovic 20 bilingual Spanish 20 DP syntax 20 gender concord 20 gender features 20 grammatical gender 01 We analyze the emergence of grammatical gender in the spontaneous longitudinal Spanish production of a set of Spanish/English bilingual twins from the FerFuLice corpus (Fern&#225;ndez Fuertes &#38; Liceras, 2009). We take as a point of departure theoretical accounts on gender assignment and gender concord and previous empirical work on the acquisition of gender by monolinguals and bilinguals. Our study deals with how gender incorporates in the case of L1 Spanish bilinguals; how concord within the determiner phrase (DP) operates; and how monolingual and bilingual Spanish pattern in the same way in this respect. We conclude that DP syntax and the gender concord valuation mechanism are in place from very early stages and that morphology and semantics are not determinant factors in this process. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.11car 281 301 21 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Applying computing innovations to bilingual corpus analysis</TitleText> 1 A01 Diana Carter Carter, Diana Diana Carter University of British Columbia 2 A01 Mirjam Broersma Broersma, Mirjam Mirjam Broersma Centre for Research on Bilingualism, Bangor University 3 A01 Kevin Donnelly Donnelly, Kevin Kevin Donnelly Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University 20 autoglossing 20 automated clause-splitting 20 bilingual corpus 20 codeswitching 01 With current innovations in corpus analysis, it is now possible to extract and analyze large amounts of monolingual and bilingual data in minutes, as opposed to the numerous hours previously needed to manually analyze a much smaller quantum of data. In this chapter, we review innovative techniques in bilingual corpus building and analysis, which include the use of automated glossing to allow the extraction of data that can then be statistically analyzed using mixed-effects models. We discuss the application of these techniques, among others, and provide examples from three bilingual corpora. We end by suggesting how researchers may benefit from the increasingly powerful computing capability that is now available. 10 01 JB code sibil.51.12ind 303 305 3 Miscellaneous 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20161216 2016 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 640 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 45 20 01 02 JB 1 00 95.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 100.70 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 20 02 02 JB 1 00 80.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 20 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 143.00 USD