34018389 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SILV 20 GE 15 9789027265289 06 10.1075/silv.20 13 2017037890 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code SILV 02 JB code 1872-9592 02 20.00 01 02 Studies in Language Variation Studies in Language Variation 01 01 Acquiring Sociolinguistic Variation Acquiring Sociolinguistic Variation 1 B01 01 JB code 403283570 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 2 B01 01 JB code 952283571 Matthias Katerbow Katerbow, Matthias Matthias Katerbow Philipps-Universität Marburg 01 eng 11 353 03 03 vi 03 00 347 03 24 JB code LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009050 12 CFB 01 06 02 00 The study of how linguistic variation is acquired is a nascent field in psycho- and sociolinguistics. This book wants to bridge the gap between work on acquisition from different theoretical backgrounds. And in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, it brings together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations. 03 00 The study of how linguistic variation is acquired is considered a nascent field in both psycho- and sociolinguistics. Within that research context, this book aims at two objectives. First, it wants to help bridging the gap between researchers working on acquisition from different theoretical backgrounds. The book therefore includes contributions by both psycho- and sociolinguists, and by representatives of further relevant sub-disciplines of linguistics, including historical linguistics and dialectology. Second, in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, the book brings together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations, as most obviously found in different language areas or different countries. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/silv.20.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027233875.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027233875.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/silv.20.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/silv.20.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/silv.20.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/silv.20.hb.png 01 01 JB code silv.20.01dev 06 10.1075/silv.20.01dev 1 41 41 Chapter 1 01 04 Chapter 1. Bridging the gap between language acquisition and sociolinguistics Chapter 1. Bridging the gap between language acquisition and sociolinguistics 01 04 Introduction to an interdisciplinary topic Introduction to an interdisciplinary topic 1 A01 01 JB code 310304923 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer University of Münster 2 A01 01 JB code 548304924 Jean-Pierre Chevrot Chevrot, Jean-Pierre Jean-Pierre Chevrot Laboratoire LIDILEM – Université Grenoble Alpes 3 A01 01 JB code 25304925 Matthias Katerbow Katerbow, Matthias Matthias Katerbow Philipps-Universität Marburg 4 A01 01 JB code 135304926 Aurélie Nardy Nardy, Aurélie Aurélie Nardy Laboratoire LIDILEM – Université Grenoble Alpes 01 01 JB code silv.20.02bec 06 10.1075/silv.20.02bec 43 63 21 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 2. The effects of exposure on awareness and discrimination of regional accents by five- and six year old children Chapter 2. The effects of exposure on awareness and discrimination of regional accents by five- and six year old children 1 A01 01 JB code 755304927 Erica Beck Beck, Erica Erica Beck University of Michigan 01 01 JB code silv.20.03bus 06 10.1075/silv.20.03bus 65 89 25 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 3. How do social networks influence children's stylistic practices? Chapter 3. How do social networks influence children’s stylistic practices? 01 04 Social mixing, macro/micro analysis and methodological questions Social mixing, macro/micro analysis and methodological questions 1 A01 01 JB code 258304928 Laurence Buson Buson, Laurence Laurence Buson Université Grenoble Alpes 01 01 JB code silv.20.04cor 06 10.1075/silv.20.04cor 91 116 26 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 4. Child acquisition of sociolinguistic variation Chapter 4. Child acquisition of sociolinguistic variation 01 04 Adults, children and (regional) standard Dutch two-verb clusters in one community Adults, children and (regional) standard Dutch two-verb clusters in one community 1 A01 01 JB code 430304929 Leonie Cornips Cornips, Leonie Leonie Cornips Meertens Institute/Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences/ Maastricht University 01 01 JB code silv.20.05dev 06 10.1075/silv.20.05dev 117 154 38 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 5. Acquiring attitudes towards varieties of Dutch Chapter 5. Acquiring attitudes towards varieties of Dutch 01 04 A quantitative perspective A quantitative perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 731304930 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer University of Münster 2 A01 01 JB code 978304931 Jolien Toye Toye, Jolien Jolien Toye Ghent University 01 01 JB code silv.20.06end 06 10.1075/silv.20.06end 155 184 30 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 6. What is the target variety? Chapter 6. What is the target variety? 01 04 The diverse effects of standard-dialect variation in second language acquisition The diverse effects of standard–dialect variation in second language acquisition 1 A01 01 JB code 926304932 Andrea Ender Ender, Andrea Andrea Ender 01 01 JB code silv.20.07far 06 10.1075/silv.20.07far 185 212 28 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 7. The relationship between segregation and participation in ethnolectal variants Chapter 7. The relationship between segregation and participation in ethnolectal variants 01 04 A longitudinal study A longitudinal study 1 A01 01 JB code 144304933 Charlie Farrington Farrington, Charlie Charlie Farrington University of Oregon 2 A01 01 JB code 515304934 Jennifer Renn Renn, Jennifer Jennifer Renn Center for Applied Linguistics 3 A01 01 JB code 18304935 Mary Kohn Kohn, Mary Mary Kohn Kansas State University 01 01 JB code silv.20.08ghi 06 10.1075/silv.20.08ghi 213 233 21 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 8. Socializing language choices Chapter 8. Socializing language choices 01 04 When variation in the language environment supports acquisition When variation in the language environment supports acquisition 1 A01 01 JB code 79304936 Anna Ghimenton Ghimenton, Anna Anna Ghimenton Université de Lyon , DDL (CNRS UMR 5596) / Université de Paris-Cité, CLESTHIA (E.A. 1483) 01 01 JB code silv.20.09lei 06 10.1075/silv.20.09lei 235 265 31 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 9. Language acquisition in bilectal environments Chapter 9. Language acquisition in bilectal environments 01 04 Competing motivations, metalinguistic awareness, and the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis Competing motivations, metalinguistic awareness, and the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis 1 A01 01 JB code 8304937 Evelina Leivada Leivada, Evelina Evelina Leivada University of Cyprus, Cyprus Acquisition Team 2 A01 01 JB code 458304938 Kleanthes K. Grohmann Grohmann, Kleanthes K. Kleanthes K. Grohmann Cyprus Acquisition Team, University of Cyprus 01 01 JB code silv.20.10rys 06 10.1075/silv.20.10rys 267 304 38 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 10. Acquisition of phonological variables of a Flemish dialect by children raised in Standard Dutch Chapter 10. Acquisition of phonological variables of a Flemish dialect by children raised in Standard Dutch 01 04 Some considerations on the learning mechanisms Some considerations on the learning mechanisms 1 A01 01 JB code 392304939 Kathy Rys Rys, Kathy Kathy Rys Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 2 A01 01 JB code 891304940 Emmanuel Keuleers Keuleers, Emmanuel Emmanuel Keuleers Tilburg center for Cognition and Communication (TiCC), Tilburg University 3 A01 01 JB code 35304941 Walter Daelemans Daelemans, Walter Walter Daelemans Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 4 A01 01 JB code 316304942 Steven Gillis Gillis, Steven Steven Gillis Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 01 01 JB code silv.20.11sch 06 10.1075/silv.20.11sch 305 341 37 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 11. Developmental sociolinguistics and the acquisition of T-glottalling by immigrant teenagers in London Chapter 11. Developmental sociolinguistics and the acquisition of T-glottalling by immigrant teenagers in London 1 A01 01 JB code 360304943 Erik Schleef Schleef, Erik Erik Schleef University of Salzburg 01 01 JB code silv.20.ai 06 10.1075/silv.20.ai Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Author index Author index 01 01 JB code silv.20.si 06 10.1075/silv.20.si Miscellaneous 13 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20170930 C 2017 John Benjamins D 2017 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027233875 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 105.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 88.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 158.00 USD 92017766 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SILV 20 Hb 15 9789027233875 06 10.1075/silv.20 13 2017018298 00 BB 08 775 gr 10 01 JB code SILV 02 1872-9592 02 20.00 01 02 Studies in Language Variation Studies in Language Variation 01 01 Acquiring Sociolinguistic Variation Acquiring Sociolinguistic Variation 1 B01 01 JB code 403283570 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/403283570 2 B01 01 JB code 952283571 Matthias Katerbow Katerbow, Matthias Matthias Katerbow Philipps-Universität Marburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/952283571 01 eng 11 353 03 03 vi 03 00 347 03 01 23 306.44 03 2017 P40.5.L54 04 Language and languages--Variation. 04 Languages in contact. 04 Sociolinguistics. 04 Second language acquisition. 10 LAN009050 12 CFB 24 JB code LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 The study of how linguistic variation is acquired is a nascent field in psycho- and sociolinguistics. This book wants to bridge the gap between work on acquisition from different theoretical backgrounds. And in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, it brings together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations. 03 00 The study of how linguistic variation is acquired is considered a nascent field in both psycho- and sociolinguistics. Within that research context, this book aims at two objectives. First, it wants to help bridging the gap between researchers working on acquisition from different theoretical backgrounds. The book therefore includes contributions by both psycho- and sociolinguists, and by representatives of further relevant sub-disciplines of linguistics, including historical linguistics and dialectology. Second, in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, the book brings together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations, as most obviously found in different language areas or different countries. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/silv.20.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027233875.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027233875.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/silv.20.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/silv.20.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/silv.20.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/silv.20.hb.png 01 01 JB code silv.20.01dev 06 10.1075/silv.20.01dev 1 41 41 Chapter 1 01 04 Chapter 1. Bridging the gap between language acquisition and sociolinguistics Chapter 1. Bridging the gap between language acquisition and sociolinguistics 01 04 Introduction to an interdisciplinary topic Introduction to an interdisciplinary topic 1 A01 01 JB code 310304923 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer University of Münster 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/310304923 2 A01 01 JB code 548304924 Jean-Pierre Chevrot Chevrot, Jean-Pierre Jean-Pierre Chevrot Laboratoire LIDILEM – Université Grenoble Alpes 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/548304924 3 A01 01 JB code 25304925 Matthias Katerbow Katerbow, Matthias Matthias Katerbow Philipps-Universität Marburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/25304925 4 A01 01 JB code 135304926 Aurélie Nardy Nardy, Aurélie Aurélie Nardy Laboratoire LIDILEM – Université Grenoble Alpes 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/135304926 30 00

Despite repeated calls for in-depth research, the acquisition of patterns of sociolinguistic variation has long been an underinvestigated topic both in sociolinguistics and in language acquisition research. With the exception of a few exploratory studies, most notably Labov (1964), it has long been rare for sociolinguistic research to focus on non-adults, whereas most research on language acquisition tended to take place in a sociolinguistic vacuum (see, e.g. Mills 1985: 142 and Labov 1989: 96 for statements to this effect). Over the last few years, however, the situation seems to be changing. Two reasons may be given for this: first, and quite trivially perhaps, technical advancements are making it possible to gather, store and explore data in cheap and efficient ways, providing researchers with the necessary data to conduct empirically sound research on the topic. And second, parallel to a paradigm shift from rule-based to usage-based conceptions of grammar, linguistic variation has moved into the centre of the attention of theoretical linguistics. As a result, the acquisition of variation can now be considered an ‘emergent topic’ in research on language variation in general.

The aim of this book is to offer a state-of-the-art of current research on the topic, thereby focusing on two particular objectives: (1) the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation presents itself as an interesting research topic for sociolinguists and psycholinguists working on acquisition, but also for a broad range of other sub-disciplines of linguistics, including historical linguistics, dialectology, and for researchers working in different theoretical frameworks. This book aims at bridging the gap between these disciplines and frameworks and allowing an interdisciplinary perspective on the topic; and (2) in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, the book wants to bring together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations, as most obviously found in different language areas or different countries.

01 01 JB code silv.20.02bec 06 10.1075/silv.20.02bec 43 63 21 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 2. The effects of exposure on awareness and discrimination of regional accents by five- and six year old children Chapter 2. The effects of exposure on awareness and discrimination of regional accents by five- and six year old children 1 A01 01 JB code 755304927 Erica Beck Beck, Erica Erica Beck University of Michigan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/755304927 30 00

This study compares bi-dialectal and mono-dialectal five-and six-year-old children’s sociolinguistic awareness and ability to discriminate regional accents in their native language. Children who regularly hear multiple regional varieties in their input are expected to have better awareness and discrimination accuracy. The children participated in two tasks: an awareness task, assessing their knowledge of regional variation, and a similarity judgment task, assessing their ability to discriminate between speakers based on accents. Results show that both groups reliably discriminate between regional accents, and can identify a local regional accent. However, no advantage is found for either group of participants on either task. The effects of exposure to regional phonological variation on perception and awareness are discussed in light of these findings.

01 01 JB code silv.20.03bus 06 10.1075/silv.20.03bus 65 89 25 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 3. How do social networks influence children's stylistic practices? Chapter 3. How do social networks influence children’s stylistic practices? 01 04 Social mixing, macro/micro analysis and methodological questions Social mixing, macro/micro analysis and methodological questions 1 A01 01 JB code 258304928 Laurence Buson Buson, Laurence Laurence Buson Université Grenoble Alpes 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/258304928 30 00

Studying children’s ability to construct themselves as pluristyle speakers goes hand-in-hand with studying their socialisation. Children’s conversational experiences are one of the key factors that allow them to integrate and participate in social life. This article will therefore present studies conducted in a school setting with the aim of better understanding the links between children’s stylistic usage and the social diversity of their social networks. The network approach has been widely used in adults but rarely with children and it allows the acquisition of variation to be considered in context, taking into account children’s horizontal socialisation beyond parental influences.

The present analysis will begin by looking briefly at existing work drawing on the notion of social networks in adults and teenagers in order to outline a number of related key research questions in terms of first-language acquisition. Some results obtained from a study conducted in Grenoble (France) with 10-11-year-old children will then be described (Buson 2009a, b). Finally, micro-sociolinguistic analysis will be used to return to some of the methodological issues that remain to be resolved in order to reach a more detailed understanding of the links between the acquisition of variation and the influence of peer networks.

01 01 JB code silv.20.04cor 06 10.1075/silv.20.04cor 91 116 26 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 4. Child acquisition of sociolinguistic variation Chapter 4. Child acquisition of sociolinguistic variation 01 04 Adults, children and (regional) standard Dutch two-verb clusters in one community Adults, children and (regional) standard Dutch two-verb clusters in one community 1 A01 01 JB code 430304929 Leonie Cornips Cornips, Leonie Leonie Cornips Meertens Institute/Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences/ Maastricht University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/430304929 30 00

The main questions of this paper are whether children acquire adults’ variable V1-V2/V2-V1 word order in the perfective two-verb cluster simultaneously with a rigid V1-V2 word order in the modal two-verb cluster from start of the acquisition process. The experimental results show that children acquire variable word orders following rigid ones confirming Labov’s (1989) expectation that children have to acquire grammatical properties before acquiring stylistic and sociolinguistic constraints. It is, however, not possible to disentangle whether the struggle with the variable word orders in the perfective cluster is due to grammatical reasons only or in combination with the fact that this type of variation reveals no significant social stratification among the adults.

01 01 JB code silv.20.05dev 06 10.1075/silv.20.05dev 117 154 38 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 5. Acquiring attitudes towards varieties of Dutch Chapter 5. Acquiring attitudes towards varieties of Dutch 01 04 A quantitative perspective A quantitative perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 731304930 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer University of Münster 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/731304930 2 A01 01 JB code 978304931 Jolien Toye Toye, Jolien Jolien Toye Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/978304931 30 00

Even though adolescence is well-known to be a key period for the acquisition of vernacular varieties, there seems to be little research on how attitudes change during adolescence. In addition, most sociolinguistic studies on adolescent language hardly discuss developmental factors. This study tries to mend these gaps in our knowledge, by investigating how attitudes towards a number of varieties of Dutch change in Flemish children between 8 and 18 years of age. Adolescence is shown to be a period in which attitudes further emerge and change considerably. The youngest children in our sample do seem to recognize Standard Dutch as a model for their own speech, and are thus competent to distinguish between different varieties of Dutch, but they hardly attribute any non-linguistic significance to language variation. As children grow older, they realize that there is a correlation between language variation and societal prestige. In addition, they become more sensitive to the ‘covert prestige’ of, especially, the local variety, which is increasingly evaluated as indexing integrity and as a means towards social and/or in-group success. Significant parallels are revealed between sociolinguistic and psychosocial development, including 11–12-year-olds’ tendency to think in terms of ‘perceived popularity’ (Cillessen and Rose 2005), and the peak around the age of 16 in conventional and social-clique dominated reasoning about friendship (Turiel 1983; Horn 2003).

01 01 JB code silv.20.06end 06 10.1075/silv.20.06end 155 184 30 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 6. What is the target variety? Chapter 6. What is the target variety? 01 04 The diverse effects of standard-dialect variation in second language acquisition The diverse effects of standard–dialect variation in second language acquisition 1 A01 01 JB code 926304932 Andrea Ender Ender, Andrea Andrea Ender 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/926304932 30 00

The coexistence of dialect and standard varieties is a challenge for adult learners of German as a second language in the Swiss context. This paper presents data from three individuals showing how they handle the two varieties in their second language system. The insights gathered on their use of dialect and/or standard in free speech and in elicited language tasks illustrate that these second language users differ substantially in the respective extent of incorporation of dialect and standard into their second language system (showing more use of standard, of dialect, or a high amount of mixing). The three individuals thereby serve as examples of the possible range of how second language learners deal with variation depending on their social experiences, their social expectations about the surrounding linguistic community, and their intended position within it. The results also reveal that even though acquisition of variation is generally intricate, some variant forms, such as relative clause markers, are more complex and used with less ease than others.

01 01 JB code silv.20.07far 06 10.1075/silv.20.07far 185 212 28 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 7. The relationship between segregation and participation in ethnolectal variants Chapter 7. The relationship between segregation and participation in ethnolectal variants 01 04 A longitudinal study A longitudinal study 1 A01 01 JB code 144304933 Charlie Farrington Farrington, Charlie Charlie Farrington University of Oregon 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/144304933 2 A01 01 JB code 515304934 Jennifer Renn Renn, Jennifer Jennifer Renn Center for Applied Linguistics 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/515304934 3 A01 01 JB code 18304935 Mary Kohn Kohn, Mary Mary Kohn Kansas State University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/18304935 30 00

The social structure provided by schools may play a significant role in shaping the speech of youth by fostering contact between distinct varieties (Britain 1997; Trudgill 1998). This analysis uses data from a longitudinal study of language and literacy development to explore the role of school demographics in determining trajectories of dialect patterns among African American school children in central North Carolina. Results identify distinct relationships between phonetic and morphosyntactic subsystems and school demographics. These results have implications for educational and policy issues related to the U.S. academic achievement gap and point to the need for further research on factors that influence the language of young speakers.

01 01 JB code silv.20.08ghi 06 10.1075/silv.20.08ghi 213 233 21 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 8. Socializing language choices Chapter 8. Socializing language choices 01 04 When variation in the language environment supports acquisition When variation in the language environment supports acquisition 1 A01 01 JB code 79304936 Anna Ghimenton Ghimenton, Anna Anna Ghimenton Université de Lyon , DDL (CNRS UMR 5596) / Université de Paris-Cité, CLESTHIA (E.A. 1483) 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/79304936 30 00

A child’s family network helps scaffold his/her language acquisition, transmitting style and variation through language choice and usage. By way of this knowledge, the child becomes a competent speaker in his/her community. We conducted a case study in Veneto (Italy), where children grow up in contact with both the regional language, Veneto, and Italian, the official national language. Adopting a (psycho)sociolinguistic approach to our corpora, we observed the language production of a young boy, Francesco (25 months) as he participated in multiparty interactions with his nuclear (his parents) and extended family members (his grandparents and one aunt). All utterances were transcribed and assigned to a category: Veneto, Italian, or mixed. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the child’s utterances and those produced by his interlocutors. The overall results show that (1) adults prefer using Italian in their child-addressed speech, (2) Francesco uses mainly Italian, and (3) lexical choices made during multiparty interactions showed that Francesco’s Veneto production was greater when he was interacting with speakers who use more Veneto. The qualitative analyses focus on the adults’ different recasts of vocalic elements produced by Francesco in the determiner slot. We discuss how variation might guide the process of language socialization.

01 01 JB code silv.20.09lei 06 10.1075/silv.20.09lei 235 265 31 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 9. Language acquisition in bilectal environments Chapter 9. Language acquisition in bilectal environments 01 04 Competing motivations, metalinguistic awareness, and the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis Competing motivations, metalinguistic awareness, and the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis 1 A01 01 JB code 8304937 Evelina Leivada Leivada, Evelina Evelina Leivada University of Cyprus, Cyprus Acquisition Team 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/8304937 2 A01 01 JB code 458304938 Kleanthes K. Grohmann Grohmann, Kleanthes K. Kleanthes K. Grohmann Cyprus Acquisition Team, University of Cyprus 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/458304938 30 00

The linguistic reality of Cyprus is diglossic between the local variety of Cypriot Greek and the official language Standard Modern Greek. One of the better studied differences between the two varieties is clitic placement in syntactic environments where one requires enclisis and the other proclisis. This paper discusses the findings of two studies on the acquisition of object clitics so as to (i) explore the connection between bidialectalism and metalinguistic awareness and (ii) argue that competing motivations are relevant for the linguistic development in diglossic environments. Framed as the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis, the process of constructing a socio-syntactic repertoire captures competing motivations by assuming that the linguistic development of Greek Cypriot children primarily involves the need to resolve linguistic accommodation and adjust to the “high” variety.

01 01 JB code silv.20.10rys 06 10.1075/silv.20.10rys 267 304 38 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 10. Acquisition of phonological variables of a Flemish dialect by children raised in Standard Dutch Chapter 10. Acquisition of phonological variables of a Flemish dialect by children raised in Standard Dutch 01 04 Some considerations on the learning mechanisms Some considerations on the learning mechanisms 1 A01 01 JB code 392304939 Kathy Rys Rys, Kathy Kathy Rys Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/392304939 2 A01 01 JB code 891304940 Emmanuel Keuleers Keuleers, Emmanuel Emmanuel Keuleers Tilburg center for Cognition and Communication (TiCC), Tilburg University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/891304940 3 A01 01 JB code 35304941 Walter Daelemans Daelemans, Walter Walter Daelemans Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/35304941 4 A01 01 JB code 316304942 Steven Gillis Gillis, Steven Steven Gillis Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/316304942 30 00

This study investigates the learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of a dialect as a second language. We focus on the acquisition of phonological features of a Flemish dialect by children with Standard Dutch or a regional variety of Dutch as their first language. Data were gathered by means of picture naming and sentence completion tasks. Inspired by Chambers (1992), who found that the data of second dialect learners displayed S-curve patterns which he interpreted as evidence of rule-based learning, we examine whether similar S-curves can be observed in the learner data of our subjects. Contrary to Chambers, our subjects’ data do not display S-curves but bear evidence of word-by-word learning across the board. These data are consistent with analogical memory-based models of language acquisition. In order to further investigate the applicability of memory-based reasoning to our data, we perform a computational classification task in TiMBL (Daelemans & Van den Bosch 2005), in which the dialect forms of Standard Dutch words have to be predicted on the basis of various amounts of training data. Not only do we compare the accuracy scores of the model with the acquisition scores of our subjects, the classification task also gives us insight into which words constitute the nearest neighbours of a given word. On the basis of this output, we investigate the effect of the number of enemy neighbours on the degree to which the subjects realize the correct dialect variants of words and on the degree to which they make overgeneralization errors. The major finding of this paper is that dialect forms are more often realized incorrectly and that more overgeneralization errors occur in words with a large(r) number of enemy neighbours.

01 01 JB code silv.20.11sch 06 10.1075/silv.20.11sch 305 341 37 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 11. Developmental sociolinguistics and the acquisition of T-glottalling by immigrant teenagers in London Chapter 11. Developmental sociolinguistics and the acquisition of T-glottalling by immigrant teenagers in London 1 A01 01 JB code 360304943 Erik Schleef Schleef, Erik Erik Schleef University of Salzburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/360304943 30 00

This study examines the acquisition of T-glottalling among teenage migrants in London. Results show that constraint hierarchies based on native input begin to be approached after two years in England. Initially, variation is completely reallocated; however, as teenagers spend more time in England, constraints are becoming increasingly similar to those of native speakers. While some constraints are replicated completely, there is also evidence that, even after three years in the country, some are altered, some are rejected, and some are re-interpreted, resulting in new constraints. Three tentative generalisations are made, relating to the order of constraint acquisition, constraint complexity and the role of grammatical category and word frequency as interpretative frameworks. In addition, the progression of constraint acquisition interacts with the increasing use of (t) as a stylistic resource, which allows teenagers to express identities based on the variation in (t) and other linguistic features. While style (as in attention paid to speech) does not appear until after three years in England in this study, qualitative analysis of interview data reveals that (t) is already available for stylistic work and experimentation after two years in England.

01 01 JB code silv.20.ai 06 10.1075/silv.20.ai Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Author index Author index 01 01 JB code silv.20.si 06 10.1075/silv.20.si Miscellaneous 13 01 04 Subject index Subject index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/silv.20 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20170930 C 2017 John Benjamins D 2017 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 11 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 105.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 88.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 11 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 158.00 USD
92017767 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SILV 20 Eb 15 9789027265289 06 10.1075/silv.20 13 2017037890 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code SILV 02 1872-9592 02 20.00 01 02 Studies in Language Variation Studies in Language Variation 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2017 01 02 2017 collection (152 titles) 05 02 2017 collection 01 01 Acquiring Sociolinguistic Variation Acquiring Sociolinguistic Variation 1 B01 01 JB code 403283570 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/403283570 2 B01 01 JB code 952283571 Matthias Katerbow Katerbow, Matthias Matthias Katerbow Philipps-Universität Marburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/952283571 01 eng 11 353 03 03 vi 03 00 347 03 01 23 306.44 03 2017 P40.5.L54 04 Language and languages--Variation. 04 Languages in contact. 04 Sociolinguistics. 04 Second language acquisition. 10 LAN009050 12 CFB 24 JB code LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 The study of how linguistic variation is acquired is a nascent field in psycho- and sociolinguistics. This book wants to bridge the gap between work on acquisition from different theoretical backgrounds. And in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, it brings together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations. 03 00 The study of how linguistic variation is acquired is considered a nascent field in both psycho- and sociolinguistics. Within that research context, this book aims at two objectives. First, it wants to help bridging the gap between researchers working on acquisition from different theoretical backgrounds. The book therefore includes contributions by both psycho- and sociolinguists, and by representatives of further relevant sub-disciplines of linguistics, including historical linguistics and dialectology. Second, in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, the book brings together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations, as most obviously found in different language areas or different countries. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/silv.20.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027233875.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027233875.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/silv.20.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/silv.20.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/silv.20.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/silv.20.hb.png 01 01 JB code silv.20.01dev 06 10.1075/silv.20.01dev 1 41 41 Chapter 1 01 04 Chapter 1. Bridging the gap between language acquisition and sociolinguistics Chapter 1. Bridging the gap between language acquisition and sociolinguistics 01 04 Introduction to an interdisciplinary topic Introduction to an interdisciplinary topic 1 A01 01 JB code 310304923 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer University of Münster 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/310304923 2 A01 01 JB code 548304924 Jean-Pierre Chevrot Chevrot, Jean-Pierre Jean-Pierre Chevrot Laboratoire LIDILEM – Université Grenoble Alpes 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/548304924 3 A01 01 JB code 25304925 Matthias Katerbow Katerbow, Matthias Matthias Katerbow Philipps-Universität Marburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/25304925 4 A01 01 JB code 135304926 Aurélie Nardy Nardy, Aurélie Aurélie Nardy Laboratoire LIDILEM – Université Grenoble Alpes 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/135304926 30 00

Despite repeated calls for in-depth research, the acquisition of patterns of sociolinguistic variation has long been an underinvestigated topic both in sociolinguistics and in language acquisition research. With the exception of a few exploratory studies, most notably Labov (1964), it has long been rare for sociolinguistic research to focus on non-adults, whereas most research on language acquisition tended to take place in a sociolinguistic vacuum (see, e.g. Mills 1985: 142 and Labov 1989: 96 for statements to this effect). Over the last few years, however, the situation seems to be changing. Two reasons may be given for this: first, and quite trivially perhaps, technical advancements are making it possible to gather, store and explore data in cheap and efficient ways, providing researchers with the necessary data to conduct empirically sound research on the topic. And second, parallel to a paradigm shift from rule-based to usage-based conceptions of grammar, linguistic variation has moved into the centre of the attention of theoretical linguistics. As a result, the acquisition of variation can now be considered an ‘emergent topic’ in research on language variation in general.

The aim of this book is to offer a state-of-the-art of current research on the topic, thereby focusing on two particular objectives: (1) the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation presents itself as an interesting research topic for sociolinguists and psycholinguists working on acquisition, but also for a broad range of other sub-disciplines of linguistics, including historical linguistics, dialectology, and for researchers working in different theoretical frameworks. This book aims at bridging the gap between these disciplines and frameworks and allowing an interdisciplinary perspective on the topic; and (2) in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, the book wants to bring together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations, as most obviously found in different language areas or different countries.

01 01 JB code silv.20.02bec 06 10.1075/silv.20.02bec 43 63 21 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 2. The effects of exposure on awareness and discrimination of regional accents by five- and six year old children Chapter 2. The effects of exposure on awareness and discrimination of regional accents by five- and six year old children 1 A01 01 JB code 755304927 Erica Beck Beck, Erica Erica Beck University of Michigan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/755304927 30 00

This study compares bi-dialectal and mono-dialectal five-and six-year-old children’s sociolinguistic awareness and ability to discriminate regional accents in their native language. Children who regularly hear multiple regional varieties in their input are expected to have better awareness and discrimination accuracy. The children participated in two tasks: an awareness task, assessing their knowledge of regional variation, and a similarity judgment task, assessing their ability to discriminate between speakers based on accents. Results show that both groups reliably discriminate between regional accents, and can identify a local regional accent. However, no advantage is found for either group of participants on either task. The effects of exposure to regional phonological variation on perception and awareness are discussed in light of these findings.

01 01 JB code silv.20.03bus 06 10.1075/silv.20.03bus 65 89 25 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 3. How do social networks influence children's stylistic practices? Chapter 3. How do social networks influence children’s stylistic practices? 01 04 Social mixing, macro/micro analysis and methodological questions Social mixing, macro/micro analysis and methodological questions 1 A01 01 JB code 258304928 Laurence Buson Buson, Laurence Laurence Buson Université Grenoble Alpes 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/258304928 30 00

Studying children’s ability to construct themselves as pluristyle speakers goes hand-in-hand with studying their socialisation. Children’s conversational experiences are one of the key factors that allow them to integrate and participate in social life. This article will therefore present studies conducted in a school setting with the aim of better understanding the links between children’s stylistic usage and the social diversity of their social networks. The network approach has been widely used in adults but rarely with children and it allows the acquisition of variation to be considered in context, taking into account children’s horizontal socialisation beyond parental influences.

The present analysis will begin by looking briefly at existing work drawing on the notion of social networks in adults and teenagers in order to outline a number of related key research questions in terms of first-language acquisition. Some results obtained from a study conducted in Grenoble (France) with 10-11-year-old children will then be described (Buson 2009a, b). Finally, micro-sociolinguistic analysis will be used to return to some of the methodological issues that remain to be resolved in order to reach a more detailed understanding of the links between the acquisition of variation and the influence of peer networks.

01 01 JB code silv.20.04cor 06 10.1075/silv.20.04cor 91 116 26 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 4. Child acquisition of sociolinguistic variation Chapter 4. Child acquisition of sociolinguistic variation 01 04 Adults, children and (regional) standard Dutch two-verb clusters in one community Adults, children and (regional) standard Dutch two-verb clusters in one community 1 A01 01 JB code 430304929 Leonie Cornips Cornips, Leonie Leonie Cornips Meertens Institute/Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences/ Maastricht University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/430304929 30 00

The main questions of this paper are whether children acquire adults’ variable V1-V2/V2-V1 word order in the perfective two-verb cluster simultaneously with a rigid V1-V2 word order in the modal two-verb cluster from start of the acquisition process. The experimental results show that children acquire variable word orders following rigid ones confirming Labov’s (1989) expectation that children have to acquire grammatical properties before acquiring stylistic and sociolinguistic constraints. It is, however, not possible to disentangle whether the struggle with the variable word orders in the perfective cluster is due to grammatical reasons only or in combination with the fact that this type of variation reveals no significant social stratification among the adults.

01 01 JB code silv.20.05dev 06 10.1075/silv.20.05dev 117 154 38 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 5. Acquiring attitudes towards varieties of Dutch Chapter 5. Acquiring attitudes towards varieties of Dutch 01 04 A quantitative perspective A quantitative perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 731304930 Gunther De Vogelaer De Vogelaer, Gunther Gunther De Vogelaer University of Münster 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/731304930 2 A01 01 JB code 978304931 Jolien Toye Toye, Jolien Jolien Toye Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/978304931 30 00

Even though adolescence is well-known to be a key period for the acquisition of vernacular varieties, there seems to be little research on how attitudes change during adolescence. In addition, most sociolinguistic studies on adolescent language hardly discuss developmental factors. This study tries to mend these gaps in our knowledge, by investigating how attitudes towards a number of varieties of Dutch change in Flemish children between 8 and 18 years of age. Adolescence is shown to be a period in which attitudes further emerge and change considerably. The youngest children in our sample do seem to recognize Standard Dutch as a model for their own speech, and are thus competent to distinguish between different varieties of Dutch, but they hardly attribute any non-linguistic significance to language variation. As children grow older, they realize that there is a correlation between language variation and societal prestige. In addition, they become more sensitive to the ‘covert prestige’ of, especially, the local variety, which is increasingly evaluated as indexing integrity and as a means towards social and/or in-group success. Significant parallels are revealed between sociolinguistic and psychosocial development, including 11–12-year-olds’ tendency to think in terms of ‘perceived popularity’ (Cillessen and Rose 2005), and the peak around the age of 16 in conventional and social-clique dominated reasoning about friendship (Turiel 1983; Horn 2003).

01 01 JB code silv.20.06end 06 10.1075/silv.20.06end 155 184 30 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 6. What is the target variety? Chapter 6. What is the target variety? 01 04 The diverse effects of standard-dialect variation in second language acquisition The diverse effects of standard–dialect variation in second language acquisition 1 A01 01 JB code 926304932 Andrea Ender Ender, Andrea Andrea Ender 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/926304932 30 00

The coexistence of dialect and standard varieties is a challenge for adult learners of German as a second language in the Swiss context. This paper presents data from three individuals showing how they handle the two varieties in their second language system. The insights gathered on their use of dialect and/or standard in free speech and in elicited language tasks illustrate that these second language users differ substantially in the respective extent of incorporation of dialect and standard into their second language system (showing more use of standard, of dialect, or a high amount of mixing). The three individuals thereby serve as examples of the possible range of how second language learners deal with variation depending on their social experiences, their social expectations about the surrounding linguistic community, and their intended position within it. The results also reveal that even though acquisition of variation is generally intricate, some variant forms, such as relative clause markers, are more complex and used with less ease than others.

01 01 JB code silv.20.07far 06 10.1075/silv.20.07far 185 212 28 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 7. The relationship between segregation and participation in ethnolectal variants Chapter 7. The relationship between segregation and participation in ethnolectal variants 01 04 A longitudinal study A longitudinal study 1 A01 01 JB code 144304933 Charlie Farrington Farrington, Charlie Charlie Farrington University of Oregon 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/144304933 2 A01 01 JB code 515304934 Jennifer Renn Renn, Jennifer Jennifer Renn Center for Applied Linguistics 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/515304934 3 A01 01 JB code 18304935 Mary Kohn Kohn, Mary Mary Kohn Kansas State University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/18304935 30 00

The social structure provided by schools may play a significant role in shaping the speech of youth by fostering contact between distinct varieties (Britain 1997; Trudgill 1998). This analysis uses data from a longitudinal study of language and literacy development to explore the role of school demographics in determining trajectories of dialect patterns among African American school children in central North Carolina. Results identify distinct relationships between phonetic and morphosyntactic subsystems and school demographics. These results have implications for educational and policy issues related to the U.S. academic achievement gap and point to the need for further research on factors that influence the language of young speakers.

01 01 JB code silv.20.08ghi 06 10.1075/silv.20.08ghi 213 233 21 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 8. Socializing language choices Chapter 8. Socializing language choices 01 04 When variation in the language environment supports acquisition When variation in the language environment supports acquisition 1 A01 01 JB code 79304936 Anna Ghimenton Ghimenton, Anna Anna Ghimenton Université de Lyon , DDL (CNRS UMR 5596) / Université de Paris-Cité, CLESTHIA (E.A. 1483) 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/79304936 30 00

A child’s family network helps scaffold his/her language acquisition, transmitting style and variation through language choice and usage. By way of this knowledge, the child becomes a competent speaker in his/her community. We conducted a case study in Veneto (Italy), where children grow up in contact with both the regional language, Veneto, and Italian, the official national language. Adopting a (psycho)sociolinguistic approach to our corpora, we observed the language production of a young boy, Francesco (25 months) as he participated in multiparty interactions with his nuclear (his parents) and extended family members (his grandparents and one aunt). All utterances were transcribed and assigned to a category: Veneto, Italian, or mixed. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the child’s utterances and those produced by his interlocutors. The overall results show that (1) adults prefer using Italian in their child-addressed speech, (2) Francesco uses mainly Italian, and (3) lexical choices made during multiparty interactions showed that Francesco’s Veneto production was greater when he was interacting with speakers who use more Veneto. The qualitative analyses focus on the adults’ different recasts of vocalic elements produced by Francesco in the determiner slot. We discuss how variation might guide the process of language socialization.

01 01 JB code silv.20.09lei 06 10.1075/silv.20.09lei 235 265 31 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 9. Language acquisition in bilectal environments Chapter 9. Language acquisition in bilectal environments 01 04 Competing motivations, metalinguistic awareness, and the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis Competing motivations, metalinguistic awareness, and the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis 1 A01 01 JB code 8304937 Evelina Leivada Leivada, Evelina Evelina Leivada University of Cyprus, Cyprus Acquisition Team 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/8304937 2 A01 01 JB code 458304938 Kleanthes K. Grohmann Grohmann, Kleanthes K. Kleanthes K. Grohmann Cyprus Acquisition Team, University of Cyprus 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/458304938 30 00

The linguistic reality of Cyprus is diglossic between the local variety of Cypriot Greek and the official language Standard Modern Greek. One of the better studied differences between the two varieties is clitic placement in syntactic environments where one requires enclisis and the other proclisis. This paper discusses the findings of two studies on the acquisition of object clitics so as to (i) explore the connection between bidialectalism and metalinguistic awareness and (ii) argue that competing motivations are relevant for the linguistic development in diglossic environments. Framed as the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis, the process of constructing a socio-syntactic repertoire captures competing motivations by assuming that the linguistic development of Greek Cypriot children primarily involves the need to resolve linguistic accommodation and adjust to the “high” variety.

01 01 JB code silv.20.10rys 06 10.1075/silv.20.10rys 267 304 38 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 10. Acquisition of phonological variables of a Flemish dialect by children raised in Standard Dutch Chapter 10. Acquisition of phonological variables of a Flemish dialect by children raised in Standard Dutch 01 04 Some considerations on the learning mechanisms Some considerations on the learning mechanisms 1 A01 01 JB code 392304939 Kathy Rys Rys, Kathy Kathy Rys Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/392304939 2 A01 01 JB code 891304940 Emmanuel Keuleers Keuleers, Emmanuel Emmanuel Keuleers Tilburg center for Cognition and Communication (TiCC), Tilburg University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/891304940 3 A01 01 JB code 35304941 Walter Daelemans Daelemans, Walter Walter Daelemans Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/35304941 4 A01 01 JB code 316304942 Steven Gillis Gillis, Steven Steven Gillis Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS), University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/316304942 30 00

This study investigates the learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of a dialect as a second language. We focus on the acquisition of phonological features of a Flemish dialect by children with Standard Dutch or a regional variety of Dutch as their first language. Data were gathered by means of picture naming and sentence completion tasks. Inspired by Chambers (1992), who found that the data of second dialect learners displayed S-curve patterns which he interpreted as evidence of rule-based learning, we examine whether similar S-curves can be observed in the learner data of our subjects. Contrary to Chambers, our subjects’ data do not display S-curves but bear evidence of word-by-word learning across the board. These data are consistent with analogical memory-based models of language acquisition. In order to further investigate the applicability of memory-based reasoning to our data, we perform a computational classification task in TiMBL (Daelemans & Van den Bosch 2005), in which the dialect forms of Standard Dutch words have to be predicted on the basis of various amounts of training data. Not only do we compare the accuracy scores of the model with the acquisition scores of our subjects, the classification task also gives us insight into which words constitute the nearest neighbours of a given word. On the basis of this output, we investigate the effect of the number of enemy neighbours on the degree to which the subjects realize the correct dialect variants of words and on the degree to which they make overgeneralization errors. The major finding of this paper is that dialect forms are more often realized incorrectly and that more overgeneralization errors occur in words with a large(r) number of enemy neighbours.

01 01 JB code silv.20.11sch 06 10.1075/silv.20.11sch 305 341 37 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 11. Developmental sociolinguistics and the acquisition of T-glottalling by immigrant teenagers in London Chapter 11. Developmental sociolinguistics and the acquisition of T-glottalling by immigrant teenagers in London 1 A01 01 JB code 360304943 Erik Schleef Schleef, Erik Erik Schleef University of Salzburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/360304943 30 00

This study examines the acquisition of T-glottalling among teenage migrants in London. Results show that constraint hierarchies based on native input begin to be approached after two years in England. Initially, variation is completely reallocated; however, as teenagers spend more time in England, constraints are becoming increasingly similar to those of native speakers. While some constraints are replicated completely, there is also evidence that, even after three years in the country, some are altered, some are rejected, and some are re-interpreted, resulting in new constraints. Three tentative generalisations are made, relating to the order of constraint acquisition, constraint complexity and the role of grammatical category and word frequency as interpretative frameworks. In addition, the progression of constraint acquisition interacts with the increasing use of (t) as a stylistic resource, which allows teenagers to express identities based on the variation in (t) and other linguistic features. While style (as in attention paid to speech) does not appear until after three years in England in this study, qualitative analysis of interview data reveals that (t) is already available for stylistic work and experimentation after two years in England.

01 01 JB code silv.20.ai 06 10.1075/silv.20.ai Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Author index Author index 01 01 JB code silv.20.si 06 10.1075/silv.20.si Miscellaneous 13 01 04 Subject index Subject index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/silv.20 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20170930 C 2017 John Benjamins D 2017 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027233875 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027265289 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 105.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 88.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 158.00 USD