721026565 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SILV 23 Eb 15 9789027261564 06 10.1075/silv.23 13 2019050588 DG 002 02 01 SILV 02 1872-9592 Studies in Language Variation 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Walking on the Grammaticalization Path of the Definite Article</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Functional Main and Side Roads</Subtitle> 01 silv.23 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/silv.23 1 B01 Renata Szczepaniak Szczepaniak, Renata Renata Szczepaniak Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg 2 B01 Johanna Flick Flick, Johanna Johanna Flick Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 01 eng 259 vi 253 LAN009010 v.2006 CFF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 06 01 This volume focuses on the grammaticalization of the definite article in German. It contains eight empirically-based papers which examine individual stages of the grammaticalization path from its beginnings as a demonstrative to the definite article and beyond. Focusing on cognitive, pragmatic, semantic and syntactic factors, the contributions not only address the development from pragmatic to semantic definiteness, but also deal with functional and formal changes starting as soon as the linguistic unit has acquired the function of marking semantic definiteness. Based on corpora spanning the entire history of the German language, from Old High German (750-1050) to present-day German, the analyses challenge the traditional linear model of grammaticalization and provide alternative pathways. What all the contributions have in common is the idea that the main grammaticalization path is accompanied or crossed by several side roads which lead to different destinations such as preposition-article-clitics, generic usages or onymic articles. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/silv.23.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027204943.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027204943.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/silv.23.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/silv.23.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/silv.23.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/silv.23.hb.png 10 01 JB code silv.23.int 1 14 14 Chapter 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Walking on the grammaticalization path of the definite article&#160;&#8211; functional main and side roads</Subtitle> 1 A01 Renata Szczepaniak Szczepaniak, Renata Renata Szczepaniak 2 A01 Johanna Flick Flick, Johanna Johanna Flick 10 01 JB code silv.23.p1 18 94 77 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section&#160;I. &#8220;From pragmatic to semantic definiteness&#8221;</TitleText> 10 01 JB code silv.23.01sch 17 42 26 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A complex grammaticalization scenario for the definite article</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">complex grammaticalization scenario for the definite article</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">The interplay of different article forms</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eva Schlachter Schlachter, Eva Eva Schlachter 20 contraction forms 20 demonstratives 20 grammaticalization 20 Old High German 20 pragmatic definiteness 20 reanalysis 20 semantic definiteness 20 weak article forms 01 The rise of the definite article in Old High German is the result of a more complex grammaticalization process than has commonly been assumed. Current explanations do not take into account the existence of early definite secondary article forms that are attested since the 8th/9th century. The notion of secondary article forms refers to preposition-article-combinations, the alternation of two different article forms <i>ther-thie</i> &#8216;the&#8217; and occurrences of apparent personal pronouns which will be analyzed as definite article forms. On the other hand, the reanalysis from a demonstrative to a definite article is not possible in purely semantically definite contexts. The absence of definiteness marking in these contexts must be the result of incomplete analogical spreading and not of the non-existence of a definite article. 10 01 JB code silv.23.02dem 43 74 32 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The grammaticalization of the definite article in German</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">grammaticalization of the definite article in German</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">From demonstratives to weak definites</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ulrike Demske Demske, Ulrike Ulrike Demske 20 definite article 20 German 20 grammaticalization 20 possessive constructions 20 weak definites 01 The present paper looks into the grammaticalization of the definite article in the history of German. Starting with the well-known emergence of the definite article from a demonstrative pronoun over the course of Old High German (750&#8211;1050), I will consider the rise of so-called weak definites in Early New High German (1350&#8211;1650) as a new piece of evidence for the grammaticalization process. Here, the subclass of possessive weak definites is of particular interest for the grammaticalization of the definite article in German, because of a word order change affecting the position of possessor phrases. As soon as the possessor systematically follows the head noun (except for proper names), we observe three alternatives for the prenominal determiner slot: it may remain empty, or it may be filled either by the indefinite or the definite article in Early New High German. In Present-Day German, the definite article is used in the unmarked case, thus pointing to a second stage in the grammaticalization process of the definite article in German, which has so far not been acknowledged in the literature. 10 01 JB code silv.23.03pet 75 94 20 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">What genericity reveals about the establishment of the definite determiner in German</TitleText> 1 A01 Svetlana Petrova Petrova, Svetlana Svetlana Petrova 20 definite determiner 20 generic NPs 20 grammaticalization of the determiner system of German 20 Old High German 01 This contribution deals with the rise of the definite determiner in generic noun phrases in German. It calls attention to a by now neglected part of the diachronic development of the determiner system of German and provides a special contribution on the subject, building upon newly collected, first-hand corpus data and its interpretation in the context of the current semantic debate on genericity. 10 01 JB code silv.23.p2 98 195 98 Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section&#160;II. &#8220;Syntactic contexts, cognition and grammaticalization&#8221;</TitleText> 10 01 JB code silv.23.04ron 97 128 32 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The role of the definite article in the rise of the German Framing Principle</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">role of the definite article in the rise of the German Framing Principle</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparative study of verbal and nominal constructions in the Old High German <i>Muspilli</i> and the Old English <i>Dream of the Rood</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Elke Ronneberger-Sibold Ronneberger-Sibold, Elke Elke Ronneberger-Sibold 20 definite article 20 Dream of the Rood 20 German Framing Principle 20 German noun-phrase 20 Muspilli 20 Old English 20 Old High German 20 prerequisites for framing 20 Ruthwell Crucification Poem 20 typological divergence of German and English 01 This paper develops ideas broached in Ronneberger-Sibold (2010) on the origins of the divergent typological developments of English towards a &#8220;classical&#8221; analytic S-V-O language, and German into a &#8220;framing&#8221; language, in which the dominating typologically relevant feature is the framing of different constituents by two elements related to each other, such that the recipient can conclude from the appearance of the first element that the constituent in question will not be complete before the second element appears. This principle was discovered and gradually implemented by German language users in a self-fortifying process from OHG on. To isolate specifically OHG prerequisites for this process, two comparable alliterative poems, one in each language, were analysed with respect to separable verbal complexes, verb position as a marker of sentence type, and the structure of complex noun-phrases. The most radical differences concerned the noun-phrase, and particularly the definite article, whereas the differences in verb position were less pronounced. Therefore, a scenario of the first steps of the typological divergence is outlined in which the OHG definite article plays a decisive role. 10 01 JB code silv.23.05wal 129 160 32 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Cliticization of definite articles to prepositions in Middle High German&#160;&#8211; early stages of grammaticalization?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A qualitative study</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sandra Waldenberger Waldenberger, Sandra Sandra Waldenberger 20 clitization 20 grammaticalization 20 Middle High German 20 preposition definite article clitics 01 The subject of this contribution is clitic forms of preposition and definite article in Middle High German (AD 1050&#8211;1350). Given the fact that some of these contractions (e.g. <i>am</i>, <i>im</i>, <i>ins</i>, <i>zum</i>, <i>zur</i>) have, in varying degrees, undergone grammaticalization and have been integrated into the system of definiteness markers in contemporary Standard German (<i>Er fliegt zum Mond</i> vs. *<i>Er fliegt zu dem Mond</i>), it seems likely that the documented instances of such Preposition Definite Article Clitics (PDCs) in MHG constitute an early stage of grammaticalization. This contribution addresses this question by means of a qualitative empirical approach, using the <sc>korpus der mittelhochdeutschen grammatik</sc>. The results show that the MHG forms anticipate the later stage of the development in modern German. 10 01 JB code silv.23.06dam 161 196 36 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Absence as evidence</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Determination and coordination ellipsis in conjoined noun phrases in (Early) New High German</Subtitle> 1 A01 Antje Dammel Dammel, Antje Antje Dammel 20 (Early) New High German 20 coordination 20 definiteness 20 determiners 20 ellipsis 20 German 20 grammaticalization 20 Modern Standard German 20 natural coordination 20 noun phrase 01 In simple noun phrases, the generalization of definiteness marking to all kinds of head nouns was well-advanced by the Early New High German period (ENHG). In conjoined noun phrases, however, coordination ellipsis of determiners was common and subject to fewer restrictions than in Modern Standard German (MSG). A corpus analysis reveals a <i>there-and-back change</i> in the frequency of coordination ellipsis within ENHG and early NHG and a substantial structural change in its conditioning towards MSG. The semantic and pragmatic regularities favouring coordination ellipsis across diverging grammatical features in (E)NHG can be described in terms of natural coordination (the probability of concepts to co-occur). Towards MSG, formal constraints on morphosyntactic feature combinations (gender, number) prevail. A possible explanation combines internal and external factors: grammaticalization and codification. Methodologically, it turns out fruitful to regard not only the spread of a new gram, but also constructions favouring its absence. 10 01 JB code silv.23.p3 200 249 50 Section header 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section&#160;III. &#8220;From definite into onymic article&#160;&#8211; and finally onymic classifier&#8221;</TitleText> 10 01 JB code silv.23.07sch 199 226 28 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The rise of the onymic article in Early New High German</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">rise of the onymic article in Early New High German</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Areal factors and the triggering effect of bynames</Subtitle> 1 A01 Mirjam Schmuck Schmuck, Mirjam Mirjam Schmuck 20 definite article 20 demonstrative 20 grammaticalization 20 proper names 20 Upper German 01 The rise of the definite article in Old High German (750&#8211;1050) is well documented, but little is so far known about the emergence of the onymic article, i.e. the definite article in combination with proper names, which represents a later stage in grammaticalization. This paper focuses on early instances of the onymic article and seeks to define the driving factors for the gradual spread of the definite article to proper names on the basis of transcriptions of witch trial records from the late 15th&#160;&#8211; 17th centuries. The underlying data covers the entire German-speaking area, including present-day Switzerland and Austria and thus allows an investigation of areal variation in article use in late Early New High German (1350&#8211;1650). It will be demonstrated that the grammaticalization is most advanced in (East) Upper German. For this core area, some parts of the Municipal Registers of Vienna are taken into account (entries from 14th&#160;&#8211; early 15th c.) as an additional source. To explain the areal distribution, it is argued that: (1) language-internally, the spread of the newly emerging onymic article is strongly dependent on case (oblique cases) and compensates for the early loss of inflectional case marking on proper names; (2) the rise of the onymic article is triggered by individual bynames; as these can mainly be traced back to common nouns in Upper German (e.g. occupational names). They therefore provide an ideal bridging context in the transition from definite article to onymic article. 10 01 JB code silv.23.08nub 227 250 24 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Die Capital&#160;&#8211; der Astra&#160;&#8211; das Adler</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The emergence of a classifier system for proper names in German</Subtitle> 1 A01 Damaris Nübling Nübling, Damaris Damaris Nübling 20 classifiers 20 definite article 20 degrammaticalization 20 exaptation 20 German 20 language change 20 onymic article 20 proper names 20 typological change 01 German proper names can be divided into two large classes, i.e. one with and one without an obligatory definite article. It will be shown that this article is part of a classifier system, which provides semantic information about the referent. Furthermore, the inherited three-gender system in combination with the presence or absence of the article is used to create a new system of six proper name classes. This paper deals with a diachronic change where so-called junk is transferred into a new classifier system arguing for a case of exaptation with respect to the article and for a case of degrammaticalization with respect to gender. This development towards a classifier system has occurred rather recently. Its consolidation can be observed in Present-Day German and creates a high amount of variation. 10 01 JB code silv.23.index 251 1 Miscellaneous 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20200408 2020 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027204943 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 105.00 EUR R 01 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 158.00 USD S 335026564 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SILV 23 Hb 15 9789027204943 13 2019050587 BB 01 SILV 02 1872-9592 Studies in Language Variation 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Walking on the Grammaticalization Path of the Definite Article</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Functional Main and Side Roads</Subtitle> 01 silv.23 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/silv.23 1 B01 Renata Szczepaniak Szczepaniak, Renata Renata Szczepaniak Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg 2 B01 Johanna Flick Flick, Johanna Johanna Flick Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 01 eng 259 vi 253 LAN009010 v.2006 CFF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 06 01 This volume focuses on the grammaticalization of the definite article in German. It contains eight empirically-based papers which examine individual stages of the grammaticalization path from its beginnings as a demonstrative to the definite article and beyond. Focusing on cognitive, pragmatic, semantic and syntactic factors, the contributions not only address the development from pragmatic to semantic definiteness, but also deal with functional and formal changes starting as soon as the linguistic unit has acquired the function of marking semantic definiteness. Based on corpora spanning the entire history of the German language, from Old High German (750-1050) to present-day German, the analyses challenge the traditional linear model of grammaticalization and provide alternative pathways. What all the contributions have in common is the idea that the main grammaticalization path is accompanied or crossed by several side roads which lead to different destinations such as preposition-article-clitics, generic usages or onymic articles. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/silv.23.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027204943.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027204943.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/silv.23.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/silv.23.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/silv.23.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/silv.23.hb.png 10 01 JB code silv.23.int 1 14 14 Chapter 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Walking on the grammaticalization path of the definite article&#160;&#8211; functional main and side roads</Subtitle> 1 A01 Renata Szczepaniak Szczepaniak, Renata Renata Szczepaniak 2 A01 Johanna Flick Flick, Johanna Johanna Flick 10 01 JB code silv.23.p1 18 94 77 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section&#160;I. &#8220;From pragmatic to semantic definiteness&#8221;</TitleText> 10 01 JB code silv.23.01sch 17 42 26 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A complex grammaticalization scenario for the definite article</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">complex grammaticalization scenario for the definite article</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">The interplay of different article forms</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eva Schlachter Schlachter, Eva Eva Schlachter 20 contraction forms 20 demonstratives 20 grammaticalization 20 Old High German 20 pragmatic definiteness 20 reanalysis 20 semantic definiteness 20 weak article forms 01 The rise of the definite article in Old High German is the result of a more complex grammaticalization process than has commonly been assumed. Current explanations do not take into account the existence of early definite secondary article forms that are attested since the 8th/9th century. The notion of secondary article forms refers to preposition-article-combinations, the alternation of two different article forms <i>ther-thie</i> &#8216;the&#8217; and occurrences of apparent personal pronouns which will be analyzed as definite article forms. On the other hand, the reanalysis from a demonstrative to a definite article is not possible in purely semantically definite contexts. The absence of definiteness marking in these contexts must be the result of incomplete analogical spreading and not of the non-existence of a definite article. 10 01 JB code silv.23.02dem 43 74 32 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The grammaticalization of the definite article in German</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">grammaticalization of the definite article in German</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">From demonstratives to weak definites</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ulrike Demske Demske, Ulrike Ulrike Demske 20 definite article 20 German 20 grammaticalization 20 possessive constructions 20 weak definites 01 The present paper looks into the grammaticalization of the definite article in the history of German. Starting with the well-known emergence of the definite article from a demonstrative pronoun over the course of Old High German (750&#8211;1050), I will consider the rise of so-called weak definites in Early New High German (1350&#8211;1650) as a new piece of evidence for the grammaticalization process. Here, the subclass of possessive weak definites is of particular interest for the grammaticalization of the definite article in German, because of a word order change affecting the position of possessor phrases. As soon as the possessor systematically follows the head noun (except for proper names), we observe three alternatives for the prenominal determiner slot: it may remain empty, or it may be filled either by the indefinite or the definite article in Early New High German. In Present-Day German, the definite article is used in the unmarked case, thus pointing to a second stage in the grammaticalization process of the definite article in German, which has so far not been acknowledged in the literature. 10 01 JB code silv.23.03pet 75 94 20 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">What genericity reveals about the establishment of the definite determiner in German</TitleText> 1 A01 Svetlana Petrova Petrova, Svetlana Svetlana Petrova 20 definite determiner 20 generic NPs 20 grammaticalization of the determiner system of German 20 Old High German 01 This contribution deals with the rise of the definite determiner in generic noun phrases in German. It calls attention to a by now neglected part of the diachronic development of the determiner system of German and provides a special contribution on the subject, building upon newly collected, first-hand corpus data and its interpretation in the context of the current semantic debate on genericity. 10 01 JB code silv.23.p2 98 195 98 Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section&#160;II. &#8220;Syntactic contexts, cognition and grammaticalization&#8221;</TitleText> 10 01 JB code silv.23.04ron 97 128 32 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The role of the definite article in the rise of the German Framing Principle</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">role of the definite article in the rise of the German Framing Principle</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparative study of verbal and nominal constructions in the Old High German <i>Muspilli</i> and the Old English <i>Dream of the Rood</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Elke Ronneberger-Sibold Ronneberger-Sibold, Elke Elke Ronneberger-Sibold 20 definite article 20 Dream of the Rood 20 German Framing Principle 20 German noun-phrase 20 Muspilli 20 Old English 20 Old High German 20 prerequisites for framing 20 Ruthwell Crucification Poem 20 typological divergence of German and English 01 This paper develops ideas broached in Ronneberger-Sibold (2010) on the origins of the divergent typological developments of English towards a &#8220;classical&#8221; analytic S-V-O language, and German into a &#8220;framing&#8221; language, in which the dominating typologically relevant feature is the framing of different constituents by two elements related to each other, such that the recipient can conclude from the appearance of the first element that the constituent in question will not be complete before the second element appears. This principle was discovered and gradually implemented by German language users in a self-fortifying process from OHG on. To isolate specifically OHG prerequisites for this process, two comparable alliterative poems, one in each language, were analysed with respect to separable verbal complexes, verb position as a marker of sentence type, and the structure of complex noun-phrases. The most radical differences concerned the noun-phrase, and particularly the definite article, whereas the differences in verb position were less pronounced. Therefore, a scenario of the first steps of the typological divergence is outlined in which the OHG definite article plays a decisive role. 10 01 JB code silv.23.05wal 129 160 32 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Cliticization of definite articles to prepositions in Middle High German&#160;&#8211; early stages of grammaticalization?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A qualitative study</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sandra Waldenberger Waldenberger, Sandra Sandra Waldenberger 20 clitization 20 grammaticalization 20 Middle High German 20 preposition definite article clitics 01 The subject of this contribution is clitic forms of preposition and definite article in Middle High German (AD 1050&#8211;1350). Given the fact that some of these contractions (e.g. <i>am</i>, <i>im</i>, <i>ins</i>, <i>zum</i>, <i>zur</i>) have, in varying degrees, undergone grammaticalization and have been integrated into the system of definiteness markers in contemporary Standard German (<i>Er fliegt zum Mond</i> vs. *<i>Er fliegt zu dem Mond</i>), it seems likely that the documented instances of such Preposition Definite Article Clitics (PDCs) in MHG constitute an early stage of grammaticalization. This contribution addresses this question by means of a qualitative empirical approach, using the <sc>korpus der mittelhochdeutschen grammatik</sc>. The results show that the MHG forms anticipate the later stage of the development in modern German. 10 01 JB code silv.23.06dam 161 196 36 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Absence as evidence</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Determination and coordination ellipsis in conjoined noun phrases in (Early) New High German</Subtitle> 1 A01 Antje Dammel Dammel, Antje Antje Dammel 20 (Early) New High German 20 coordination 20 definiteness 20 determiners 20 ellipsis 20 German 20 grammaticalization 20 Modern Standard German 20 natural coordination 20 noun phrase 01 In simple noun phrases, the generalization of definiteness marking to all kinds of head nouns was well-advanced by the Early New High German period (ENHG). In conjoined noun phrases, however, coordination ellipsis of determiners was common and subject to fewer restrictions than in Modern Standard German (MSG). A corpus analysis reveals a <i>there-and-back change</i> in the frequency of coordination ellipsis within ENHG and early NHG and a substantial structural change in its conditioning towards MSG. The semantic and pragmatic regularities favouring coordination ellipsis across diverging grammatical features in (E)NHG can be described in terms of natural coordination (the probability of concepts to co-occur). Towards MSG, formal constraints on morphosyntactic feature combinations (gender, number) prevail. A possible explanation combines internal and external factors: grammaticalization and codification. Methodologically, it turns out fruitful to regard not only the spread of a new gram, but also constructions favouring its absence. 10 01 JB code silv.23.p3 200 249 50 Section header 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section&#160;III. &#8220;From definite into onymic article&#160;&#8211; and finally onymic classifier&#8221;</TitleText> 10 01 JB code silv.23.07sch 199 226 28 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The rise of the onymic article in Early New High German</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">rise of the onymic article in Early New High German</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Areal factors and the triggering effect of bynames</Subtitle> 1 A01 Mirjam Schmuck Schmuck, Mirjam Mirjam Schmuck 20 definite article 20 demonstrative 20 grammaticalization 20 proper names 20 Upper German 01 The rise of the definite article in Old High German (750&#8211;1050) is well documented, but little is so far known about the emergence of the onymic article, i.e. the definite article in combination with proper names, which represents a later stage in grammaticalization. This paper focuses on early instances of the onymic article and seeks to define the driving factors for the gradual spread of the definite article to proper names on the basis of transcriptions of witch trial records from the late 15th&#160;&#8211; 17th centuries. The underlying data covers the entire German-speaking area, including present-day Switzerland and Austria and thus allows an investigation of areal variation in article use in late Early New High German (1350&#8211;1650). It will be demonstrated that the grammaticalization is most advanced in (East) Upper German. For this core area, some parts of the Municipal Registers of Vienna are taken into account (entries from 14th&#160;&#8211; early 15th c.) as an additional source. To explain the areal distribution, it is argued that: (1) language-internally, the spread of the newly emerging onymic article is strongly dependent on case (oblique cases) and compensates for the early loss of inflectional case marking on proper names; (2) the rise of the onymic article is triggered by individual bynames; as these can mainly be traced back to common nouns in Upper German (e.g. occupational names). They therefore provide an ideal bridging context in the transition from definite article to onymic article. 10 01 JB code silv.23.08nub 227 250 24 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Die Capital&#160;&#8211; der Astra&#160;&#8211; das Adler</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The emergence of a classifier system for proper names in German</Subtitle> 1 A01 Damaris Nübling Nübling, Damaris Damaris Nübling 20 classifiers 20 definite article 20 degrammaticalization 20 exaptation 20 German 20 language change 20 onymic article 20 proper names 20 typological change 01 German proper names can be divided into two large classes, i.e. one with and one without an obligatory definite article. It will be shown that this article is part of a classifier system, which provides semantic information about the referent. Furthermore, the inherited three-gender system in combination with the presence or absence of the article is used to create a new system of six proper name classes. This paper deals with a diachronic change where so-called junk is transferred into a new classifier system arguing for a case of exaptation with respect to the article and for a case of degrammaticalization with respect to gender. This development towards a classifier system has occurred rather recently. Its consolidation can be observed in Present-Day German and creates a high amount of variation. 10 01 JB code silv.23.index 251 1 Miscellaneous 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20200408 2020 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 610 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 58 24 01 02 JB 1 00 105.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 111.30 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 24 02 02 JB 1 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 1 24 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 158.00 USD