509026261
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SILV 25 Eb
15
9789027259820
06
10.1075/silv.25
13
2021010869
DG
002
02
01
SILV
02
1872-9592
Studies in Language Variation
25
01
Language Variation – European Perspectives VIII
Selected papers from the Tenth International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 10), Leeuwarden, June 2019
01
silv.25
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/silv.25
1
B01
Hans Van de Velde
Van de Velde, Hans
Hans
Van de Velde
Fryske Akademy & Utrecht University
2
B01
Nanna Haug Hilton
Hilton, Nanna Haug
Nanna Haug
Hilton
University of Groningen
3
B01
Remco Knooihuizen
Knooihuizen, Remco
Remco
Knooihuizen
University of Groningen
01
eng
322
vi
316
LAN009050
v.2006
CFB
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HL
Historical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume contains a selection of papers from the 10th International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 10), which was organized by the Fryske Akademy and held in Leeuwarden/Ljouwert (the Netherlands) in June 2019. The editors have selected thirteen papers on a wide range of language varieties, geographically ranging from Dutch-Frisian contact varieties in Leeuwarden to English in Sydney, Australia. The selection includes traditional quantitative and qualitative approaches to different types of linguistic variables, as well as state-of-the-art techniques for the analysis of speech sounds, new dialectometrical methods, covariation analysis, and a range of statistical methods. The papers are based on data from traditional sources such as sociolinguistic interviews, speech corpora and newspapers, but also on hip hop lyrics, historical private letters and administrative documents, as well as re-analyses of dialect atlas data and older dialect recordings. The reader will enjoy the vibrant diversity of language variation studies presented in this volume.
46
01
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
47
Open access -- this title is available under a CC BY-NC-ND license. For full details, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/silv.25.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027208859.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027208859.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/silv.25.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/silv.25.png
25
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/silv.25.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/silv.25.hb.png
10
01
JB code
silv.25.int
1
10
10
Chapter
1
01
Introduction
1
A01
Remco Knooihuizen
Knooihuizen, Remco
Remco
Knooihuizen
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
2
A01
Nanna Haug Hilton
Hilton, Nanna Haug
Nanna Haug
Hilton
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen/EFTA
3
A01
Hans Van de Velde
Van de Velde, Hans
Hans
Van de Velde
Fryske Akademy/Universiteit Utrecht
10
01
JB code
silv.25.01ver
11
34
24
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 1. The volatile linguistic shape of ‘Town Frisian’/‘Town Hollandic’
1
A01
Arjen P. Versloot
Versloot, Arjen P.
Arjen P.
Versloot
Universiteit van Amsterdam
01
Speech communities are communication communities and reflect current or historical ties within societies. Language contact is thus an expression of cultural contact. Often, when these contacts took place in the past, little is known about the sociological context, and a linguistic analysis is one of the few sources that provide us access to historical situations. Historical linguistics aims to decipher the origin and sources of the linguistic ‘code’: the presence or absence of borrowings in various linguistic domains have been linked to different cultural and political conditions under which the language contact took place. <br />Two aspects are crucial to a successful interpretation of past events: (1) that the linguistic phenomena are correctly interpreted in terms of their linguistic origin, something that turns out to not always be as evident as it may seem at first glance, and (2) that the available data are a reliable reflection of the linguistic composition of the language at the time of language contact. Given the lack of accurate and detailed historical attestations, many such analyses are based on much younger stages of the languages, assuming a relatively high stability of linguistic markers. <br />The interpretation of ‘Town Frisian’, a Dutch variety spoken in a few historical cities in the Dutch province of Fryslân since the 16th century, is a case where both these problematic aspects have insufficiently been addressed, leading to conclusions untenable after closer scrutiny. It is illustrated that the linguistic composition of the varieties was fairly dynamic, and that, on top of it, its perception by linguists and speakers was equally volatile, so that the concepts of Dutch, Frisian and Town Frisian equal ‘moving targets’ in terms of content and assigned identities. This article focusses on the linguistic aspects of these shifting identities.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.02van
35
52
18
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 2. Is there an interlanguage speech acceptability deficit?
1
A01
Rias van den Doel
Doel, Rias van den
Rias
van den
Doel
Universiteit Utrecht
2
A01
Adriaan Walpot
Walpot, Adriaan
Adriaan
Walpot
Universiteit Utrecht
20
acceptability
20
attitudes
20
identification
20
intelligibility
20
lingua franca English
20
non-native Englishes
01
It may be assumed that non-native speakers (NNSs) of English are more accommodating towards other NNS accents, as a result of increased solidarity, intelligibility, or both. Emerging evidence suggests, however, that this is not true of all groups of NNSs, especially when judging those sharing the same L1. In an online survey we conducted among 67 Dutch and 45 French NNSs of English, we found that both groups of judges evaluated the speakers whose L1 they shared more negatively than any other accents. This does not only build on previous findings, but also suggests that communication among NNSs, instead of benefiting from an “intelligibility benefit”, may be affected by what we have termed an “acceptability deficit”.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.03but
53
78
26
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 3. Revisiting the vowel mergers of East Anglia
Correlations of <sc>moan</sc>, <sc>mown</sc> and <sc>goose</sc>
1
A01
Kerri-Ann Butcher
Butcher, Kerri-Ann
Kerri-Ann
Butcher
University of Cambridge
20
British English
20
dialectology
20
language variation and change
20
levelling
20
sociophonetics
20
vowel mergers
01
This study revisits the longstanding distinction between /u:/ (<sc>moan</sc>) and /ʌu/ (<sc>mown</sc>) in East Anglia, where the Long Mid Mergers that resulted in a single <sc>goat</sc> vowel did not take place. Words such as <i>‘road’</i> and ‘<i>rowed’</i> are therefore not homophonous. Recently, however, this distinction has started to break down. Acoustic analysis of 24 speakers indicates change in apparent time, where a merger by approximation of <sc>moan</sc> and <sc>mown</sc> is taking place in Lowestoft (northern East Anglia) for working-class speakers. Findings further suggest that a previously reported ongoing merger between <sc>moan</sc> and <sc>goose</sc>, which occurred as a result of a chain shift, was not completed but may have had a hand in deferring the <sc>moan</sc>/<sc>mown</sc> merger in East Anglia over many years. <sc>goose</sc> fronting is also reported as a change in apparent time.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.04pug
79
110
32
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 4. Modeling regional variation in voice onset time of Jutlandic varieties of Danish
1
A01
Rasmus Puggaard
Puggaard, Rasmus
Rasmus
Puggaard
Universiteit Leiden
20
aspiration
20
Danish
20
generalized additive mixed modeling
20
Jutlandic
20
microvariation
20
phonetics
20
regional variation
20
stop realization
20
voice onset time
01
It is a well-known overt feature of the Northern Jutlandic variety of Danish that /t/ is pronounced with short voice onset time and no affrication. This is not limited to Northern Jutland, but shows up across the peninsula. This paper expands on this research, using a large corpus to show that complex geographical patterns of variation in voice onset time is found in all fortis stops, but not in lenis stops. Modeling the data using generalized additive mixed modeling both allows us to explore these geographical patterns in detail, as well as test a number of hypotheses about how a number of environmental and social factors affect voice onset time.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.05ful
111
134
24
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 5. “Organically German”?
Changing ideologies of national belonging
1
A01
Janet M. Fuller
Fuller, Janet M.
Janet M.
Fuller
University of Groningen
20
biodeutsch
20
German
20
media discourse
20
national identity
01
This chapter examines variation in the situated meanings of the term <i>Biodeutsche(r)</i>, a term which has emerged relatively recently as a way to refer to people who are German by descent (i.e., not of migration background). This analysis shows that use of this term reflects competing discourses about the role of ethnicity in national belonging in Germany. While the origin and many uses of the term challenge the validity of ethnicity as a basis for legitimacy in German society, some of the data suggest that it has also been adopted as a supposedly neutral term to describe a segment of the German population, which supports an ethnonational ideology.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.06bea
135
160
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 6. Exploring an approach for modelling lectal coherence
1
A01
Karen V. Beaman
Beaman, Karen V.
Karen V.
Beaman
Queen Mary University of London/Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
20
dialects
20
German
20
language variation and change
20
lifespan change
20
linguistic coherence
20
longitudinal studies
20
quantitative models
20
sociolinguistics
20
Swabian
01
This paper presents an exploratory approach for modelling and measuring the concept of lectal coherence – the logical unity of idiolects, dialects, sociolects, regiolects, etc. – and how coherence can shape variation and foster or constrain language change. Twelve phonological and morpho-syntactic features of Central Swabian, a variety of German spoken in the southwestern part of the country, exemplify differences in lectal coherence across two communities (Stuttgart and Schwäbisch Gmünd) and two points in time (1982 and 2017). Following the traditional quantitative variationist approach pioneered by Labov (1963), coupled with Guttman-like (1944) implicational scaling, and drawing on concepts from the order and <sc>lattice</sc> theory of mathematics (Partee, Ter Meulen, and Wall 1993), the proposed model brings together three views of coherence – covariation, implicational scaling, and <sc>lattice</sc> theory – to demonstrate a holistic approach to the study of linguistic coherence and its influence on language change. The research question this investigation explores is: does lectal coherence enable or inhibit linguistic change? The hypothesis tested in this study is that more coherent lects are less vulnerable to change and convergence while less coherent lects are more susceptible.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.07byr
161
180
20
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 7. “I’m dead posh in school”
Attitudes and linguistic behaviour of Merseyside adolescents
1
A01
Rachel Byrne
Byrne, Rachel
Rachel
Byrne
University of Liverpool
20
accent
20
change
20
dialect
20
enregisterment
20
identity
20
indexicality
20
sociolinguistics
20
style-shifting
20
variation
01
Liverpool English, or “Scouse”, is a dialect often used by speakers in Merseyside. This study involves the use of word-list elicitation and semi-structured group interviews with adolescents from two schools in Merseyside: one in Liverpool, and one on the Wirral. Analysis of the elicited vowels of the <sc>square</sc> and <sc>nurse</sc> lexical sets shows that Wirral speakers orient themselves to Liverpool pronunciations to an extent, using <sc>nurse</sc> fronting in unexpected ways to achieve varying linguistic and social goals. The qualitative data shows that Merseyside speakers are highly aware of the social markedness of Scouse, with Wirral speakers using Liverpool forms to identify themselves as local Merseyside speakers, but not “Scousers”. Participants from both schools intentionally engage in style-shifting of local dialect in order to construct unique identities for themselves.1
10
01
JB code
silv.25.08you
181
208
28
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 8. <i>Benim</i>
A new pronoun in Swedish
1
A01
Nathan J. Young
Young, Nathan J.
Nathan J.
Young
Centre for Research on Bilingualism at Stockholm University
20
constructionalization
20
contact linguistics
20
grammaticalization
20
multiethnolects
20
pronouns
20
Rinkeby Swedish
20
Stockholm Swedish
01
A new first-person pronoun has emerged in the vernacular of Stockholm Swedish. A loan from Turkish, <i>benim</i> is indexically self-aggrandizing and a feature of the male genderlect of Stockholm’s racialized proletariat. It is also typologically unusual by virtue of being a loanword in an abstract functional role, namely, a pronoun. I detail several factors that, in concert, allowed <i>benim</i> to enter into Swedish first as a naked prototype, then as a reanalysis of dissociative third-person constructions, and finally, as a productive first-person personal pronoun. I conclude further that the actuation of these factors was the unique social ecology of class and racial exclusion, which are generally known to drive symbolic status-moves among the subordinated.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.09cha
209
226
18
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 9. Identification of clusters of lexical areas using geographical factors
A case study in the Occitan language area
1
A01
Clément Chagnaud
Chagnaud, Clément
Clément
Chagnaud
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG, PACTE
2
A01
Guylaine Brun-Trigaud
Brun-Trigaud, Guylaine
Guylaine
Brun-Trigaud
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, BCL
3
A01
Philippe Garat
Garat, Philippe
Philippe
Garat
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK
20
clustering
20
digital humanities
20
geolinguistics
20
geovisualisation
20
Occitan language
20
statistics
01
We propose a multidimensional statistical analysis procedure using projection and clustering methods in order to identify coherent clusters in a set of lexical areas. The methodology includes a geographical factor, such as administrative divisions or land cover features, to help the identification of clusters. By applying this method on data from the Occitan language area in the south of France, we are able to identify new spatial patterns and lexical boundaries that do not match traditional dialect boundaries. Our method helps to suggest possible explanations for these new patterns.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.10kra
227
246
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 10. (Il)literacy and language change
Non-standard relative constructions in historical Basque
1
A01
Dorota Krajewska
Krajewska, Dorota
Dorota
Krajewska
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
2
A01
Eneko Zuloaga
Zuloaga, Eneko
Eneko
Zuloaga
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
20
Basque
20
historical sociolinguistics
20
literacy
20
relative clauses
20
syntax
01
In this paper we examine a corpus of sixteenth- to nineteenth-century Basque private letters and administration documents from a historical sociolinguistic point of view. Because of the diglossic situation, such texts are rare but valuable in the historical corpus of Basque. In particular, we analyse relative clauses with the pronoun <i>zein</i> ‘which’. The construction was borrowed from Romance by highly literate bilinguals, but then spread, especially through formulaic language, to less literate writers too. We focus on the development of non-standard variants of this relative clause, which are common in our corpus, but not found in printed literary texts. We argue that the sociolinguistic context was crucial in the emergence, spread and syntactic change of the relative construction.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.11vas
247
268
22
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 11. Dialect contact in the vowel system of Mišótika Cappadocian
1
A01
Nicole Vassalou
Vassalou, Nicole
Nicole
Vassalou
University of Patras/Ghent University
2
A01
Dimitris Papazachariou
Papazachariou, Dimitris
Dimitris
Papazachariou
University of Patras
3
A01
Mark Janse
Janse, Mark
Mark
Janse
Ghent University
20
Cappadocian
20
dialect contact
20
gender
20
linguistic change
20
Misótika
20
vowel system
01
This study focuses on changes in the vowel system of contemporary Mišótika Cappadocian. It presents an acoustic analysis of the vowels of Mišótika, based on recordings of 16 native speakers from two different Cappadocian communities in Northern Greece. Our analysis shows that the current vowel system diverges from the one attested a century ago. Moreover, there are significant differences between the two Cappadocian speech communities, which are the result of dialect contact under different sociolinguistic conditions. Finally, gender also seems to be a significant sociolinguistic parameter, as male speakers seem to be one step ahead in the process of linguistic change.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.12tam
269
290
22
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 12. Leaders of language change
Macro and micro perspectives
1
A01
Meredith Tamminga
Tamminga, Meredith
Meredith
Tamminga
University of Pennsylvania
20
coherence
20
covariation
20
English
20
individual differences
20
leaders
20
sound change
01
Questions about who leads language change have been central to the sociolinguistic literature for decades. More recent work on covariation between simultaneous changes calls into question whether broad, generalized change leadership can exist. Using data from Philadelphia, I show that covariation patterns fluctuate over time. These fluctuations are not random but rather appear to be tied to the overall diachronic shifts in the community. However, I also suggest that predicting individual differences in covarying changes is not as simple as operationalizing the traits that have been captured in qualitative descriptions of particular leaders. I propose that reconciling these results requires distinguishing between individual leadership in Labov’s “saccadic” sense and the broader structure of how innovations covary within the community as a whole.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.13gra
291
314
24
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 13. Ethnic variation in real time
Change in Australian English diphthongs
1
A01
James Grama
Grama, James
James
Grama
University of Duisburg-Essen
2
A01
Catherine E. Travis
Travis, Catherine E.
Catherine E.
Travis
Australian National University
3
A01
Simon Gonzalez
Gonzalez, Simon
Simon
Gonzalez
Australian National University
20
Australian English
20
diphthongs
20
ethnic variation
20
ethnolects
20
gender
20
language change
20
socio-economic status
01
Ethnic and ethnolectal variation in migrant communities have received much attention, but the manifestation and longevity of this variation is not yet well understood. Capitalising on Barbara Horvath’s foundational study of social variation in Australian English, and a comparable, recent corpus of sociolinguistic interviews (Sydney Speaks 2010s), we present a real-time test of ethnic variation in the speech of approximately 170 Australians over a 40-year period. We examine the speech of Anglo-, Italian- and Chinese-Australians, focusing on five diphthongs considered to be characteristic of Australian English. Analyses of over 20,000 tokens reveal no wholesale differences among ethnic groups, but they do reveal some differences in the progression and social conditioning of changes over time, which we argue are best understood in relation to the social nature of the changes undergone.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.index
315
316
2
Miscellaneous
15
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20210616
2021
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027208859
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
40
01
27026260
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SILV 25 Hb
15
9789027208859
13
2021010868
BB
01
SILV
02
1872-9592
Studies in Language Variation
25
01
Language Variation – European Perspectives VIII
Selected papers from the Tenth International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 10), Leeuwarden, June 2019
01
silv.25
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/silv.25
1
B01
Hans Van de Velde
Van de Velde, Hans
Hans
Van de Velde
Fryske Akademy & Utrecht University
2
B01
Nanna Haug Hilton
Hilton, Nanna Haug
Nanna Haug
Hilton
University of Groningen
3
B01
Remco Knooihuizen
Knooihuizen, Remco
Remco
Knooihuizen
University of Groningen
01
eng
322
vi
316
LAN009050
v.2006
CFB
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HL
Historical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume contains a selection of papers from the 10th International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 10), which was organized by the Fryske Akademy and held in Leeuwarden/Ljouwert (the Netherlands) in June 2019. The editors have selected thirteen papers on a wide range of language varieties, geographically ranging from Dutch-Frisian contact varieties in Leeuwarden to English in Sydney, Australia. The selection includes traditional quantitative and qualitative approaches to different types of linguistic variables, as well as state-of-the-art techniques for the analysis of speech sounds, new dialectometrical methods, covariation analysis, and a range of statistical methods. The papers are based on data from traditional sources such as sociolinguistic interviews, speech corpora and newspapers, but also on hip hop lyrics, historical private letters and administrative documents, as well as re-analyses of dialect atlas data and older dialect recordings. The reader will enjoy the vibrant diversity of language variation studies presented in this volume.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/silv.25.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027208859.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027208859.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/silv.25.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/silv.25.png
25
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/silv.25.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/silv.25.hb.png
10
01
JB code
silv.25.int
1
10
10
Chapter
1
01
Introduction
1
A01
Remco Knooihuizen
Knooihuizen, Remco
Remco
Knooihuizen
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
2
A01
Nanna Haug Hilton
Hilton, Nanna Haug
Nanna Haug
Hilton
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen/EFTA
3
A01
Hans Van de Velde
Van de Velde, Hans
Hans
Van de Velde
Fryske Akademy/Universiteit Utrecht
10
01
JB code
silv.25.01ver
11
34
24
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 1. The volatile linguistic shape of ‘Town Frisian’/‘Town Hollandic’
1
A01
Arjen P. Versloot
Versloot, Arjen P.
Arjen P.
Versloot
Universiteit van Amsterdam
01
Speech communities are communication communities and reflect current or historical ties within societies. Language contact is thus an expression of cultural contact. Often, when these contacts took place in the past, little is known about the sociological context, and a linguistic analysis is one of the few sources that provide us access to historical situations. Historical linguistics aims to decipher the origin and sources of the linguistic ‘code’: the presence or absence of borrowings in various linguistic domains have been linked to different cultural and political conditions under which the language contact took place. <br />Two aspects are crucial to a successful interpretation of past events: (1) that the linguistic phenomena are correctly interpreted in terms of their linguistic origin, something that turns out to not always be as evident as it may seem at first glance, and (2) that the available data are a reliable reflection of the linguistic composition of the language at the time of language contact. Given the lack of accurate and detailed historical attestations, many such analyses are based on much younger stages of the languages, assuming a relatively high stability of linguistic markers. <br />The interpretation of ‘Town Frisian’, a Dutch variety spoken in a few historical cities in the Dutch province of Fryslân since the 16th century, is a case where both these problematic aspects have insufficiently been addressed, leading to conclusions untenable after closer scrutiny. It is illustrated that the linguistic composition of the varieties was fairly dynamic, and that, on top of it, its perception by linguists and speakers was equally volatile, so that the concepts of Dutch, Frisian and Town Frisian equal ‘moving targets’ in terms of content and assigned identities. This article focusses on the linguistic aspects of these shifting identities.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.02van
35
52
18
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 2. Is there an interlanguage speech acceptability deficit?
1
A01
Rias van den Doel
Doel, Rias van den
Rias
van den
Doel
Universiteit Utrecht
2
A01
Adriaan Walpot
Walpot, Adriaan
Adriaan
Walpot
Universiteit Utrecht
20
acceptability
20
attitudes
20
identification
20
intelligibility
20
lingua franca English
20
non-native Englishes
01
It may be assumed that non-native speakers (NNSs) of English are more accommodating towards other NNS accents, as a result of increased solidarity, intelligibility, or both. Emerging evidence suggests, however, that this is not true of all groups of NNSs, especially when judging those sharing the same L1. In an online survey we conducted among 67 Dutch and 45 French NNSs of English, we found that both groups of judges evaluated the speakers whose L1 they shared more negatively than any other accents. This does not only build on previous findings, but also suggests that communication among NNSs, instead of benefiting from an “intelligibility benefit”, may be affected by what we have termed an “acceptability deficit”.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.03but
53
78
26
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 3. Revisiting the vowel mergers of East Anglia
Correlations of <sc>moan</sc>, <sc>mown</sc> and <sc>goose</sc>
1
A01
Kerri-Ann Butcher
Butcher, Kerri-Ann
Kerri-Ann
Butcher
University of Cambridge
20
British English
20
dialectology
20
language variation and change
20
levelling
20
sociophonetics
20
vowel mergers
01
This study revisits the longstanding distinction between /u:/ (<sc>moan</sc>) and /ʌu/ (<sc>mown</sc>) in East Anglia, where the Long Mid Mergers that resulted in a single <sc>goat</sc> vowel did not take place. Words such as <i>‘road’</i> and ‘<i>rowed’</i> are therefore not homophonous. Recently, however, this distinction has started to break down. Acoustic analysis of 24 speakers indicates change in apparent time, where a merger by approximation of <sc>moan</sc> and <sc>mown</sc> is taking place in Lowestoft (northern East Anglia) for working-class speakers. Findings further suggest that a previously reported ongoing merger between <sc>moan</sc> and <sc>goose</sc>, which occurred as a result of a chain shift, was not completed but may have had a hand in deferring the <sc>moan</sc>/<sc>mown</sc> merger in East Anglia over many years. <sc>goose</sc> fronting is also reported as a change in apparent time.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.04pug
79
110
32
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 4. Modeling regional variation in voice onset time of Jutlandic varieties of Danish
1
A01
Rasmus Puggaard
Puggaard, Rasmus
Rasmus
Puggaard
Universiteit Leiden
20
aspiration
20
Danish
20
generalized additive mixed modeling
20
Jutlandic
20
microvariation
20
phonetics
20
regional variation
20
stop realization
20
voice onset time
01
It is a well-known overt feature of the Northern Jutlandic variety of Danish that /t/ is pronounced with short voice onset time and no affrication. This is not limited to Northern Jutland, but shows up across the peninsula. This paper expands on this research, using a large corpus to show that complex geographical patterns of variation in voice onset time is found in all fortis stops, but not in lenis stops. Modeling the data using generalized additive mixed modeling both allows us to explore these geographical patterns in detail, as well as test a number of hypotheses about how a number of environmental and social factors affect voice onset time.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.05ful
111
134
24
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 5. “Organically German”?
Changing ideologies of national belonging
1
A01
Janet M. Fuller
Fuller, Janet M.
Janet M.
Fuller
University of Groningen
20
biodeutsch
20
German
20
media discourse
20
national identity
01
This chapter examines variation in the situated meanings of the term <i>Biodeutsche(r)</i>, a term which has emerged relatively recently as a way to refer to people who are German by descent (i.e., not of migration background). This analysis shows that use of this term reflects competing discourses about the role of ethnicity in national belonging in Germany. While the origin and many uses of the term challenge the validity of ethnicity as a basis for legitimacy in German society, some of the data suggest that it has also been adopted as a supposedly neutral term to describe a segment of the German population, which supports an ethnonational ideology.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.06bea
135
160
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 6. Exploring an approach for modelling lectal coherence
1
A01
Karen V. Beaman
Beaman, Karen V.
Karen V.
Beaman
Queen Mary University of London/Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
20
dialects
20
German
20
language variation and change
20
lifespan change
20
linguistic coherence
20
longitudinal studies
20
quantitative models
20
sociolinguistics
20
Swabian
01
This paper presents an exploratory approach for modelling and measuring the concept of lectal coherence – the logical unity of idiolects, dialects, sociolects, regiolects, etc. – and how coherence can shape variation and foster or constrain language change. Twelve phonological and morpho-syntactic features of Central Swabian, a variety of German spoken in the southwestern part of the country, exemplify differences in lectal coherence across two communities (Stuttgart and Schwäbisch Gmünd) and two points in time (1982 and 2017). Following the traditional quantitative variationist approach pioneered by Labov (1963), coupled with Guttman-like (1944) implicational scaling, and drawing on concepts from the order and <sc>lattice</sc> theory of mathematics (Partee, Ter Meulen, and Wall 1993), the proposed model brings together three views of coherence – covariation, implicational scaling, and <sc>lattice</sc> theory – to demonstrate a holistic approach to the study of linguistic coherence and its influence on language change. The research question this investigation explores is: does lectal coherence enable or inhibit linguistic change? The hypothesis tested in this study is that more coherent lects are less vulnerable to change and convergence while less coherent lects are more susceptible.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.07byr
161
180
20
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 7. “I’m dead posh in school”
Attitudes and linguistic behaviour of Merseyside adolescents
1
A01
Rachel Byrne
Byrne, Rachel
Rachel
Byrne
University of Liverpool
20
accent
20
change
20
dialect
20
enregisterment
20
identity
20
indexicality
20
sociolinguistics
20
style-shifting
20
variation
01
Liverpool English, or “Scouse”, is a dialect often used by speakers in Merseyside. This study involves the use of word-list elicitation and semi-structured group interviews with adolescents from two schools in Merseyside: one in Liverpool, and one on the Wirral. Analysis of the elicited vowels of the <sc>square</sc> and <sc>nurse</sc> lexical sets shows that Wirral speakers orient themselves to Liverpool pronunciations to an extent, using <sc>nurse</sc> fronting in unexpected ways to achieve varying linguistic and social goals. The qualitative data shows that Merseyside speakers are highly aware of the social markedness of Scouse, with Wirral speakers using Liverpool forms to identify themselves as local Merseyside speakers, but not “Scousers”. Participants from both schools intentionally engage in style-shifting of local dialect in order to construct unique identities for themselves.1
10
01
JB code
silv.25.08you
181
208
28
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 8. <i>Benim</i>
A new pronoun in Swedish
1
A01
Nathan J. Young
Young, Nathan J.
Nathan J.
Young
Centre for Research on Bilingualism at Stockholm University
20
constructionalization
20
contact linguistics
20
grammaticalization
20
multiethnolects
20
pronouns
20
Rinkeby Swedish
20
Stockholm Swedish
01
A new first-person pronoun has emerged in the vernacular of Stockholm Swedish. A loan from Turkish, <i>benim</i> is indexically self-aggrandizing and a feature of the male genderlect of Stockholm’s racialized proletariat. It is also typologically unusual by virtue of being a loanword in an abstract functional role, namely, a pronoun. I detail several factors that, in concert, allowed <i>benim</i> to enter into Swedish first as a naked prototype, then as a reanalysis of dissociative third-person constructions, and finally, as a productive first-person personal pronoun. I conclude further that the actuation of these factors was the unique social ecology of class and racial exclusion, which are generally known to drive symbolic status-moves among the subordinated.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.09cha
209
226
18
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 9. Identification of clusters of lexical areas using geographical factors
A case study in the Occitan language area
1
A01
Clément Chagnaud
Chagnaud, Clément
Clément
Chagnaud
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG, PACTE
2
A01
Guylaine Brun-Trigaud
Brun-Trigaud, Guylaine
Guylaine
Brun-Trigaud
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, BCL
3
A01
Philippe Garat
Garat, Philippe
Philippe
Garat
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK
20
clustering
20
digital humanities
20
geolinguistics
20
geovisualisation
20
Occitan language
20
statistics
01
We propose a multidimensional statistical analysis procedure using projection and clustering methods in order to identify coherent clusters in a set of lexical areas. The methodology includes a geographical factor, such as administrative divisions or land cover features, to help the identification of clusters. By applying this method on data from the Occitan language area in the south of France, we are able to identify new spatial patterns and lexical boundaries that do not match traditional dialect boundaries. Our method helps to suggest possible explanations for these new patterns.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.10kra
227
246
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 10. (Il)literacy and language change
Non-standard relative constructions in historical Basque
1
A01
Dorota Krajewska
Krajewska, Dorota
Dorota
Krajewska
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
2
A01
Eneko Zuloaga
Zuloaga, Eneko
Eneko
Zuloaga
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
20
Basque
20
historical sociolinguistics
20
literacy
20
relative clauses
20
syntax
01
In this paper we examine a corpus of sixteenth- to nineteenth-century Basque private letters and administration documents from a historical sociolinguistic point of view. Because of the diglossic situation, such texts are rare but valuable in the historical corpus of Basque. In particular, we analyse relative clauses with the pronoun <i>zein</i> ‘which’. The construction was borrowed from Romance by highly literate bilinguals, but then spread, especially through formulaic language, to less literate writers too. We focus on the development of non-standard variants of this relative clause, which are common in our corpus, but not found in printed literary texts. We argue that the sociolinguistic context was crucial in the emergence, spread and syntactic change of the relative construction.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.11vas
247
268
22
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 11. Dialect contact in the vowel system of Mišótika Cappadocian
1
A01
Nicole Vassalou
Vassalou, Nicole
Nicole
Vassalou
University of Patras/Ghent University
2
A01
Dimitris Papazachariou
Papazachariou, Dimitris
Dimitris
Papazachariou
University of Patras
3
A01
Mark Janse
Janse, Mark
Mark
Janse
Ghent University
20
Cappadocian
20
dialect contact
20
gender
20
linguistic change
20
Misótika
20
vowel system
01
This study focuses on changes in the vowel system of contemporary Mišótika Cappadocian. It presents an acoustic analysis of the vowels of Mišótika, based on recordings of 16 native speakers from two different Cappadocian communities in Northern Greece. Our analysis shows that the current vowel system diverges from the one attested a century ago. Moreover, there are significant differences between the two Cappadocian speech communities, which are the result of dialect contact under different sociolinguistic conditions. Finally, gender also seems to be a significant sociolinguistic parameter, as male speakers seem to be one step ahead in the process of linguistic change.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.12tam
269
290
22
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 12. Leaders of language change
Macro and micro perspectives
1
A01
Meredith Tamminga
Tamminga, Meredith
Meredith
Tamminga
University of Pennsylvania
20
coherence
20
covariation
20
English
20
individual differences
20
leaders
20
sound change
01
Questions about who leads language change have been central to the sociolinguistic literature for decades. More recent work on covariation between simultaneous changes calls into question whether broad, generalized change leadership can exist. Using data from Philadelphia, I show that covariation patterns fluctuate over time. These fluctuations are not random but rather appear to be tied to the overall diachronic shifts in the community. However, I also suggest that predicting individual differences in covarying changes is not as simple as operationalizing the traits that have been captured in qualitative descriptions of particular leaders. I propose that reconciling these results requires distinguishing between individual leadership in Labov’s “saccadic” sense and the broader structure of how innovations covary within the community as a whole.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.13gra
291
314
24
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 13. Ethnic variation in real time
Change in Australian English diphthongs
1
A01
James Grama
Grama, James
James
Grama
University of Duisburg-Essen
2
A01
Catherine E. Travis
Travis, Catherine E.
Catherine E.
Travis
Australian National University
3
A01
Simon Gonzalez
Gonzalez, Simon
Simon
Gonzalez
Australian National University
20
Australian English
20
diphthongs
20
ethnic variation
20
ethnolects
20
gender
20
language change
20
socio-economic status
01
Ethnic and ethnolectal variation in migrant communities have received much attention, but the manifestation and longevity of this variation is not yet well understood. Capitalising on Barbara Horvath’s foundational study of social variation in Australian English, and a comparable, recent corpus of sociolinguistic interviews (Sydney Speaks 2010s), we present a real-time test of ethnic variation in the speech of approximately 170 Australians over a 40-year period. We examine the speech of Anglo-, Italian- and Chinese-Australians, focusing on five diphthongs considered to be characteristic of Australian English. Analyses of over 20,000 tokens reveal no wholesale differences among ethnic groups, but they do reveal some differences in the progression and social conditioning of changes over time, which we argue are best understood in relation to the social nature of the changes undergone.
10
01
JB code
silv.25.index
315
316
2
Miscellaneous
15
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20210616
2021
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
08
715
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
01
WORLD
US CA MX
21
82
20
01
02
JB
1
00
105.00
EUR
R
02
02
JB
1
00
111.30
EUR
R
01
JB
10
bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
03
GB
21
20
02
02
JB
1
00
88.00
GBP
Z
01
JB
2
John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
01
US CA MX
21
5
20
01
gen
02
JB
1
00
158.00
USD