77010673 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 130 Eb 15 9789027273239 06 10.1075/slcs.130 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 0165-7763 02 130.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-slcs 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series (vols. 1–171, 1978–2015) 05 02 SLCS (vols. 1–171, 1978–2015) 01 01 Grammaticalization and Language Change New reflections Grammaticalization and Language Change: New reflections 1 B01 01 JB code 194167976 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/194167976 2 B01 01 JB code 596167974 Tine Breban Breban, Tine Tine Breban University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/596167974 3 B01 01 JB code 983167975 Lieselotte Brems Brems, Lieselotte Lieselotte Brems University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/983167975 4 B01 01 JB code 596167977 Tanja Mortelmans Mortelmans, Tanja Tanja Mortelmans University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/596167977 5 Z01 01 JB code 446170659 Bert Cornillie Cornillie, Bert Bert Cornillie University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/446170659 6 Z01 01 JB code 396170660 Hubert Cuyckens Cuyckens, Hubert Hubert Cuyckens University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/396170660 7 Z01 01 JB code 300170662 Torsten Leuschner Leuschner, Torsten Torsten Leuschner Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/300170662 01 eng 11 350 03 03 viii 03 00 342 03 01 23 415 03 2012 P299.G73 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Grammaticalization. 04 Linguistic change. 10 LAN009000 12 CFF 24 JB code LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 Focuses on the advanced developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. This title addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. 03 00 This collective volume focuses on the latest developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. It addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. New theoretical reflections are offered on the pragmatic motivation of grammaticalization paths, process-oriented differences between grammaticalization, lexicalization and degrammaticalization, the question of gradualness and pace of grammaticalization, and deictics as a distinct source of grammaticalization. The articles describe various constructional and distributional changes affecting deictics, determiners, reflexives, clitics, nouns, affixes, adverbs and (auxiliary) verbs, mainly in the Germanic and Romance languages. The volume will be of great interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization and related changes, and to all linguists working on the interface between morphosyntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.130.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027205971.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027205971.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.130.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.130.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.130.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.130.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.130.001ack 06 10.1075/slcs.130.001ack vii viii 2 Article 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.130.01bre 06 10.1075/slcs.130.01bre 1 36 36 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 New reflections on the sources, outcomes, defining features and motivations of grammaticalization New reflections on the sources, outcomes, defining features and motivations of grammaticalization 1 A01 01 JB code 571179346 Tine Breban Breban, Tine Tine Breban University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/571179346 2 A01 01 JB code 73179347 Jeroen Vanderbiesen Vanderbiesen, Jeroen Jeroen Vanderbiesen University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/73179347 3 A01 01 JB code 470179348 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/470179348 4 A01 01 JB code 662179349 Lieselotte Brems Brems, Lieselotte Lieselotte Brems Université de Liège 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/662179349 5 A01 01 JB code 10179350 Tanja Mortelmans Mortelmans, Tanja Tanja Mortelmans University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/10179350 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.130.02die 06 10.1075/slcs.130.02die 37 50 14 Article 3 01 04 Buhler's two-field theory of pointing and naming and the deictic origins of grammatical morphemes Bühler’s two-field theory of pointing and naming and the deictic origins of grammatical morphemes 1 A01 01 JB code 702179351 Holger Diessel Diessel, Holger Holger Diessel University of Jena 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/702179351 01 eng 30 00

Current research on grammaticalization argues that grammatical markers are generally derived from content words (or lexical expressions); but earlier research by Brugmann (1904) and Bühler (1934) showed that grammatical markers are also commonly derived from (spatial) deictics (or demonstratives). The present paper provides an overview of this research focusing on Bühler’s two-field theory of pointing and naming. In this theory, there are two basic types of linguistic expressions, deictics (or ‘pointing words’) and symbols (or ‘naming words’), that are functionally and diachronically independent of each other. The paper argues that Bühler’s two-field theory can be seen as an alternative to the standard model of grammaticalization in which all grammatical markers are ultimately based on content words. Elaborating this approach, it is argued that the grammaticalization of deictic expressions involves a different mechanism of change than the grammaticalization of content words and that the two developments give rise to different types of grammatical markers.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.03wal 06 10.1075/slcs.130.03wal 51 72 22 Article 4 01 04 On the origins of grammaticalization and other types of language change in discourse strategies On the origins of grammaticalization and other types of language change in discourse strategies 1 A01 01 JB code 384179352 Richard Waltereit Waltereit, Richard Richard Waltereit Newcastle University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/384179352 01 eng 30 00

In this contribution it is argued that grammaticalization and related types of change arise as a side-effect of strategic, rhetorical language use by speakers. The outcome of these processes is determined by the strategy for which the underlying lexical items are used, rather than by the lexical content of these items or by pre-set characteristics of types of change. This is illustrated with the three grammatical uses that derived from lexical bien in French: modal particle, concessive conjunction and discourse particle. This approach to grammaticalization and other changes is also shown to shed new light on high-level generalizations such as persistence, subjectification and pragmaticalization, which need to be complemented with lower-level generalizations about the rhetorical strategies that are driving them.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.04nor 06 10.1075/slcs.130.04nor 73 110 38 Article 5 01 04 Lehmann's parameters revisited Lehmann’s parameters revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 770179353 Muriel Norde Norde, Muriel Muriel Norde University of Groningen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/770179353 01 eng 30 00

Grammaticalization, and especially degrammaticalization, are polysemous terms. The term ‘grammaticalization’ has been used to refer to changes from a lexical item to a grammatical item (‘primary grammaticalization’), and from a grammatical item to a ‘more grammatical’ item (‘secondary grammaticalization’). Likewise, the term ‘degrammaticalization’ may refer to changes from a grammatical item to a lexical item (‘primary degrammaticalization’), and from a ‘more grammatical’ to a ‘less grammatical’ item (‘secondary degrammaticalization’), as well as to a number of other types of changes. This paper discusses Lehmann’s parameters of grammaticalization as a taxonomic tool, arguing that the parameters can be used to describe both grammaticalization and degrammaticalization changes, as well as to identify different subtypes of grammaticalization and degrammaticalization, with special emphasis on degrammaticalization.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.05die 06 10.1075/slcs.130.05die 111 134 24 Article 6 01 04 "Paradigmatic integration" “Paradigmatic integration” 01 04 The fourth stage in an expanded grammaticalization scenario The fourth stage in an expanded grammaticalization scenario 1 A01 01 JB code 442179354 Gabriele Diewald Diewald, Gabriele Gabriele Diewald Leibniz Universität Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/442179354 2 A01 01 JB code 855179355 Elena Smirnova Smirnova, Elena Elena Smirnova Leibniz Universität Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/855179355 01 eng 30 00

In this paper, we propose a ‘constructionist’ scenario of grammaticalization that links successive diachronic stages of a grammaticalization process with particular construction types. Relying on earlier work, especially on the model of relevant context types in grammaticalization proposed in Diewald (2002), we develop the model further and introduce an additional developmental stage into the model, i.e. the stage of paradigmatic (re-)integration. This fourth stage restricts the model to grammaticalization processes and sharpens the notion of grammaticalization. In particular, we advocate the view that the fourth stage can and must be formulated as an essential criterion for differentiating grammaticalization from lexicalization and from other types of semantic change.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.06bri 06 10.1075/slcs.130.06bri 135 166 32 Article 7 01 04 "The ghosts of old morphology" “The ghosts of old morphology” 01 04 Lexicalization or (de)grammaticalization? Lexicalization or (de)grammaticalization? 1 A01 01 JB code 282179356 Laurel J. Brinton Brinton, Laurel J. Laurel J. Brinton University of British Columbia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/282179356 01 eng 30 00

“Ghost” inflectional morphology that has lost its grammatical function but remains as phonetic material has been argued to have undergone lexicalization (since the inflection becomes an unanalyzable part of the lexical item and emerges as “more lexical”) and/or degrammaticalization (since the inflection loses grammatical function and is hence “less grammatical”); if seen as the natural consequence of an inflection having attained advanced grammatical status, it may also be understood as degrammaticalization. Focusing on comparative -er (near), superlative -est (next), adverbial genitive -s (e.g. once, towards, sideways), and adverbial dative -um (whilom), this paper distinguishes between changes affecting different parts of a construction (i.e. the host words and the inflectional endings) and argues that the inflections are subject to neither lexicalization nor (de)grammaticalization, but are instances of “petrification”.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.07tro 06 10.1075/slcs.130.07tro 167 198 32 Article 8 01 04 Grammaticalization, constructions and the grammaticalization of constructions Grammaticalization, constructions and the grammaticalization of constructions 1 A01 01 JB code 379179357 Graeme Trousdale Trousdale, Graeme Graeme Trousdale University of Edinburgh 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/379179357 01 eng 30 00

Research within constructional approaches to language has begun to develop a framework for modelling diachronic variation, but the precise relationship between diachronic construction grammar and grammaticalization has yet to be fully worked out (Noël 2007). The article includes discussion of some central issues in construction grammar which are of significant relevance to researchers interested in grammaticalization and lexicalization, with suggestions for some of the ways in which key topics in grammaticalization research – such as unidirectionality, reanalysis and analogy – might be explained using a constructional model. In order to illustrate this thesis, I draw on a range of data from the history of English (particularly, quantifiers and degree modifiers, composite predicates and possessives).

01 01 JB code slcs.130.08mul 06 10.1075/slcs.130.08mul 199 226 28 Article 9 01 04 Gradualness of grammaticalization in Romance. The position of French, Spanish and Italian Gradualness of grammaticalization in Romance. The position of French, Spanish and Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 895179358 Walter De Mulder De Mulder, Walter Walter De Mulder University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/895179358 2 A01 01 JB code 130179359 Béatrice Lamiroy Lamiroy, Béatrice Béatrice Lamiroy University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/130179359 01 eng 30 00

In this article we propose that the notion of grammaticalization as a gradual process can be extended to language typology. Within the same language family, grammaticalization phenomena can be ongoing in one language and have reached a stage further down the cline in another language. This entails that diachronically languages of the same family may grammaticalize at a different speed. ‘Degree of grammaticalization’ is operationalized as degree of paradigmatization: the reduction of alternatives is viewed as representing a higher degree of paradigmaticity and of grammaticalization. We make our case for three important Romance languages, French, Italian and Spanish. It is argued that in Romance we find the following cline of grammaticalization: French > Italian > Spanish, i.e. with French being most grammaticalized, Spanish least, and Italian in between.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.09ron 06 10.1075/slcs.130.09ron 227 248 22 Article 10 01 04 Development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in Irish and Welsh Development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in Irish and Welsh 1 A01 01 JB code 697179360 Patricia Ronan Ronan, Patricia Patricia Ronan Université de Lausanne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/697179360 01 eng 30 00

This paper offers a qualitative and quantitative study of the development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in the Irish language. It is argued that the modern periphrastic perfect construction arose to fill a gap left in the tense marking system by the generalization of the former perfect to preterite senses. It is suggested that this development was facilitated by the evolution of a periphrastic, prepositional progressive, which grammaticalized to specify the aspectual differences in continuous aspect marking. A similar development is envisaged for the comparable, but not identical, Welsh aspectual system.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.10mel 06 10.1075/slcs.130.10mel 249 270 22 Article 11 01 04 Emergence and grammaticalization of constructions within the se me network of Spanish Emergence and grammaticalization of constructions within the se me network of Spanish 1 A01 01 JB code 381179361 Chantal Melis Melis, Chantal Chantal Melis Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/381179361 2 A01 01 JB code 571179362 Marcela Flores Flores, Marcela Marcela Flores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/571179362 01 eng 30 00

Historical linguistics has begun to explore the way new insights into change can be gained from a constructional approach to language. In this work we focus on a Spanish construction used for events caused accidentally by a human participant marked dative. The construction enters fairly late in the language and thus raises the question of how the new pairing of form and meaning emerged. Under our proposal, the development originates in an old voice pattern expressing spontaneously occurring events and leads to the new construction through a series of gradual extensions to distinct event types. Most significantly, as a result of these extensions the input construction becomes more schematic, which is to say, it grammaticalizes (Trousdale this volume).

01 01 JB code slcs.130.11vaz 06 10.1075/slcs.130.11vaz 271 298 28 Article 12 01 04 A discourse-based analysis of object clitic doubling in Spanish A discourse-based analysis of object clitic doubling in Spanish 1 A01 01 JB code 323179363 Victoria Vázquez Rozas Vázquez Rozas, Victoria Victoria Vázquez Rozas Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/323179363 2 A01 01 JB code 524179364 Marcos García Salido Salido, Marcos García Marcos García Salido Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/524179364 01 eng 30 00

The paper provides a functional, usage-based analysis of the genesis and diffusion of object clitic doubling in Spanish, which is seen as an agreement phenomenon, and hence as a working example of grammaticalization. It has been claimed that doubling arises from the so-called topic-shift construction (Givón 1976), but historical and contemporary data support an alternative proposal that pays more attention to frequency effects and takes into account the often neglected high proportion of clitic-only objects in discourse. Our analysis suggests a strong correlation between being an object encoded frequently by means of a clitic/affix and developing agreement It also points to the accessibility of the discourse referents as the main factor in determining the grammatical form of direct and indirect objects in Spanish.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.12eck 06 10.1075/slcs.130.12eck 299 326 28 Article 13 01 04 The many careers of negative polarity items The many careers of negative polarity items 1 A01 01 JB code 45179365 Regine Eckardt Eckardt, Regine Regine Eckardt University of Göttingen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/45179365 01 eng 30 00

This study focuses on “the many careers of negative polarity items”, taking a diachronic perspective on NPIs in general and on scalar NPIs in particular. Its main thesis is that scalar NPIs are prototypical NPIs. The downward entailing contexts of NPIs can be explained and made cognitively accessible by the pragmatic mechanisms associated with scalar NPIs, viz. the capacity to evoke alternatives (ALT) and the scalar interpretation of these alternatives (SCALE). NPIs with standard contexts of distribution are, or are otherwise tied to, scalar expressions, while NPIs with an idiosyncratic range of contexts are not. The diachronic development of core NPIs crucially involves the loss, change or replacement of ALT and/or SCALE. Non-scalar elements can also become NPIs, but non-prototypical ones, viz. escort particles, analogy NPIs, or mimicry NPIs.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.13aut 06 10.1075/slcs.130.13aut 327 330 4 Article 14 01 04 Author Index Author Index 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.130.14sub 06 10.1075/slcs.130.14sub 331 342 12 Article 15 01 04 Subject Index Subject Index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.130 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20121030 C 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027205971 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027273239 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 149.00 USD
106014773 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 130 GE 15 9789027273239 06 10.1075/slcs.130 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 JB code 0165-7763 02 130.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 01 01 Grammaticalization and Language Change Grammaticalization and Language Change 1 B01 01 JB code 194167976 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 2 B01 01 JB code 596167974 Tine Breban Breban, Tine Tine Breban University of Leuven 3 B01 01 JB code 983167975 Lieselotte Brems Brems, Lieselotte Lieselotte Brems University of Leuven 4 B01 01 JB code 596167977 Tanja Mortelmans Mortelmans, Tanja Tanja Mortelmans University of Antwerp 5 Z01 01 JB code 446170659 Bert Cornillie Cornillie, Bert Bert Cornillie University of Leuven 6 Z01 01 JB code 396170660 Hubert Cuyckens Cuyckens, Hubert Hubert Cuyckens University of Leuven 7 Z01 01 JB code 300170662 Torsten Leuschner Leuschner, Torsten Torsten Leuschner Ghent University 01 eng 11 350 03 03 viii 03 00 342 03 24 JB code LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009000 12 CFF 01 06 02 00 Focuses on the advanced developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. This title addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. 03 00 This collective volume focuses on the latest developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. It addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. New theoretical reflections are offered on the pragmatic motivation of grammaticalization paths, process-oriented differences between grammaticalization, lexicalization and degrammaticalization, the question of gradualness and pace of grammaticalization, and deictics as a distinct source of grammaticalization. The articles describe various constructional and distributional changes affecting deictics, determiners, reflexives, clitics, nouns, affixes, adverbs and (auxiliary) verbs, mainly in the Germanic and Romance languages. The volume will be of great interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization and related changes, and to all linguists working on the interface between morphosyntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.130.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027205971.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027205971.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.130.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.130.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.130.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.130.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.130.001ack 06 10.1075/slcs.130.001ack vii viii 2 Article 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 01 JB code slcs.130.01bre 06 10.1075/slcs.130.01bre 1 36 36 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 New reflections on the sources, outcomes, defining features and motivations of grammaticalization New reflections on the sources, outcomes, defining features and motivations of grammaticalization 1 A01 01 JB code 571179346 Tine Breban Breban, Tine Tine Breban University of Leuven 2 A01 01 JB code 73179347 Jeroen Vanderbiesen Vanderbiesen, Jeroen Jeroen Vanderbiesen University of Antwerp 3 A01 01 JB code 470179348 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 4 A01 01 JB code 662179349 Lieselotte Brems Brems, Lieselotte Lieselotte Brems Université de Liège 5 A01 01 JB code 10179350 Tanja Mortelmans Mortelmans, Tanja Tanja Mortelmans University of Leuven 01 01 JB code slcs.130.02die 06 10.1075/slcs.130.02die 37 50 14 Article 3 01 04 Buhler's two-field theory of pointing and naming and the deictic origins of grammatical morphemes Bühler’s two-field theory of pointing and naming and the deictic origins of grammatical morphemes 1 A01 01 JB code 702179351 Holger Diessel Diessel, Holger Holger Diessel University of Jena 01 01 JB code slcs.130.03wal 06 10.1075/slcs.130.03wal 51 72 22 Article 4 01 04 On the origins of grammaticalization and other types of language change in discourse strategies On the origins of grammaticalization and other types of language change in discourse strategies 1 A01 01 JB code 384179352 Richard Waltereit Waltereit, Richard Richard Waltereit Newcastle University 01 01 JB code slcs.130.04nor 06 10.1075/slcs.130.04nor 73 110 38 Article 5 01 04 Lehmann's parameters revisited Lehmann’s parameters revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 770179353 Muriel Norde Norde, Muriel Muriel Norde University of Groningen 01 01 JB code slcs.130.05die 06 10.1075/slcs.130.05die 111 134 24 Article 6 01 04 "Paradigmatic integration" “Paradigmatic integration” 01 04 The fourth stage in an expanded grammaticalization scenario The fourth stage in an expanded grammaticalization scenario 1 A01 01 JB code 442179354 Gabriele Diewald Diewald, Gabriele Gabriele Diewald Leibniz Universität Hannover 2 A01 01 JB code 855179355 Elena Smirnova Smirnova, Elena Elena Smirnova Leibniz Universität Hannover 01 01 JB code slcs.130.06bri 06 10.1075/slcs.130.06bri 135 166 32 Article 7 01 04 "The ghosts of old morphology" “The ghosts of old morphology” 01 04 Lexicalization or (de)grammaticalization? Lexicalization or (de)grammaticalization? 1 A01 01 JB code 282179356 Laurel J. Brinton Brinton, Laurel J. Laurel J. Brinton University of British Columbia 01 01 JB code slcs.130.07tro 06 10.1075/slcs.130.07tro 167 198 32 Article 8 01 04 Grammaticalization, constructions and the grammaticalization of constructions Grammaticalization, constructions and the grammaticalization of constructions 1 A01 01 JB code 379179357 Graeme Trousdale Trousdale, Graeme Graeme Trousdale University of Edinburgh 01 01 JB code slcs.130.08mul 06 10.1075/slcs.130.08mul 199 226 28 Article 9 01 04 Gradualness of grammaticalization in Romance. The position of French, Spanish and Italian Gradualness of grammaticalization in Romance. The position of French, Spanish and Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 895179358 Walter De Mulder De Mulder, Walter Walter De Mulder University of Antwerp 2 A01 01 JB code 130179359 Béatrice Lamiroy Lamiroy, Béatrice Béatrice Lamiroy University of Leuven 01 01 JB code slcs.130.09ron 06 10.1075/slcs.130.09ron 227 248 22 Article 10 01 04 Development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in Irish and Welsh Development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in Irish and Welsh 1 A01 01 JB code 697179360 Patricia Ronan Ronan, Patricia Patricia Ronan Université de Lausanne 01 01 JB code slcs.130.10mel 06 10.1075/slcs.130.10mel 249 270 22 Article 11 01 04 Emergence and grammaticalization of constructions within the se me network of Spanish Emergence and grammaticalization of constructions within the se me network of Spanish 1 A01 01 JB code 381179361 Chantal Melis Melis, Chantal Chantal Melis Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2 A01 01 JB code 571179362 Marcela Flores Flores, Marcela Marcela Flores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 01 01 JB code slcs.130.11vaz 06 10.1075/slcs.130.11vaz 271 298 28 Article 12 01 04 A discourse-based analysis of object clitic doubling in Spanish A discourse-based analysis of object clitic doubling in Spanish 1 A01 01 JB code 323179363 Victoria Vázquez Rozas Vázquez Rozas, Victoria Victoria Vázquez Rozas Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 2 A01 01 JB code 524179364 Marcos García Salido Salido, Marcos García Marcos García Salido Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 01 01 JB code slcs.130.12eck 06 10.1075/slcs.130.12eck 299 326 28 Article 13 01 04 The many careers of negative polarity items The many careers of negative polarity items 1 A01 01 JB code 45179365 Regine Eckardt Eckardt, Regine Regine Eckardt University of Göttingen 01 01 JB code slcs.130.13aut 06 10.1075/slcs.130.13aut 327 330 4 Article 14 01 04 Author Index Author Index 01 01 JB code slcs.130.14sub 06 10.1075/slcs.130.14sub 331 342 12 Article 15 01 04 Subject Index Subject Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20121030 C 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027205971 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 83.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 149.00 USD 364010672 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 130 Hb 15 9789027205971 06 10.1075/slcs.130 13 2012027512 00 BB 08 775 gr 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 0165-7763 02 130.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 01 01 Grammaticalization and Language Change New reflections Grammaticalization and Language Change: New reflections 1 B01 01 JB code 194167976 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/194167976 2 B01 01 JB code 596167974 Tine Breban Breban, Tine Tine Breban University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/596167974 3 B01 01 JB code 983167975 Lieselotte Brems Brems, Lieselotte Lieselotte Brems University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/983167975 4 B01 01 JB code 596167977 Tanja Mortelmans Mortelmans, Tanja Tanja Mortelmans University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/596167977 5 Z01 01 JB code 446170659 Bert Cornillie Cornillie, Bert Bert Cornillie University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/446170659 6 Z01 01 JB code 396170660 Hubert Cuyckens Cuyckens, Hubert Hubert Cuyckens University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/396170660 7 Z01 01 JB code 300170662 Torsten Leuschner Leuschner, Torsten Torsten Leuschner Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/300170662 01 eng 11 350 03 03 viii 03 00 342 03 01 23 415 03 2012 P299.G73 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Grammaticalization. 04 Linguistic change. 10 LAN009000 12 CFF 24 JB code LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 Focuses on the advanced developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. This title addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. 03 00 This collective volume focuses on the latest developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. It addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. New theoretical reflections are offered on the pragmatic motivation of grammaticalization paths, process-oriented differences between grammaticalization, lexicalization and degrammaticalization, the question of gradualness and pace of grammaticalization, and deictics as a distinct source of grammaticalization. The articles describe various constructional and distributional changes affecting deictics, determiners, reflexives, clitics, nouns, affixes, adverbs and (auxiliary) verbs, mainly in the Germanic and Romance languages. The volume will be of great interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization and related changes, and to all linguists working on the interface between morphosyntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.130.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027205971.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027205971.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.130.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.130.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.130.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.130.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.130.001ack 06 10.1075/slcs.130.001ack vii viii 2 Article 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.130.01bre 06 10.1075/slcs.130.01bre 1 36 36 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 New reflections on the sources, outcomes, defining features and motivations of grammaticalization New reflections on the sources, outcomes, defining features and motivations of grammaticalization 1 A01 01 JB code 571179346 Tine Breban Breban, Tine Tine Breban University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/571179346 2 A01 01 JB code 73179347 Jeroen Vanderbiesen Vanderbiesen, Jeroen Jeroen Vanderbiesen University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/73179347 3 A01 01 JB code 470179348 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/470179348 4 A01 01 JB code 662179349 Lieselotte Brems Brems, Lieselotte Lieselotte Brems Université de Liège 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/662179349 5 A01 01 JB code 10179350 Tanja Mortelmans Mortelmans, Tanja Tanja Mortelmans University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/10179350 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.130.02die 06 10.1075/slcs.130.02die 37 50 14 Article 3 01 04 Buhler's two-field theory of pointing and naming and the deictic origins of grammatical morphemes Bühler’s two-field theory of pointing and naming and the deictic origins of grammatical morphemes 1 A01 01 JB code 702179351 Holger Diessel Diessel, Holger Holger Diessel University of Jena 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/702179351 01 eng 30 00

Current research on grammaticalization argues that grammatical markers are generally derived from content words (or lexical expressions); but earlier research by Brugmann (1904) and Bühler (1934) showed that grammatical markers are also commonly derived from (spatial) deictics (or demonstratives). The present paper provides an overview of this research focusing on Bühler’s two-field theory of pointing and naming. In this theory, there are two basic types of linguistic expressions, deictics (or ‘pointing words’) and symbols (or ‘naming words’), that are functionally and diachronically independent of each other. The paper argues that Bühler’s two-field theory can be seen as an alternative to the standard model of grammaticalization in which all grammatical markers are ultimately based on content words. Elaborating this approach, it is argued that the grammaticalization of deictic expressions involves a different mechanism of change than the grammaticalization of content words and that the two developments give rise to different types of grammatical markers.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.03wal 06 10.1075/slcs.130.03wal 51 72 22 Article 4 01 04 On the origins of grammaticalization and other types of language change in discourse strategies On the origins of grammaticalization and other types of language change in discourse strategies 1 A01 01 JB code 384179352 Richard Waltereit Waltereit, Richard Richard Waltereit Newcastle University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/384179352 01 eng 30 00

In this contribution it is argued that grammaticalization and related types of change arise as a side-effect of strategic, rhetorical language use by speakers. The outcome of these processes is determined by the strategy for which the underlying lexical items are used, rather than by the lexical content of these items or by pre-set characteristics of types of change. This is illustrated with the three grammatical uses that derived from lexical bien in French: modal particle, concessive conjunction and discourse particle. This approach to grammaticalization and other changes is also shown to shed new light on high-level generalizations such as persistence, subjectification and pragmaticalization, which need to be complemented with lower-level generalizations about the rhetorical strategies that are driving them.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.04nor 06 10.1075/slcs.130.04nor 73 110 38 Article 5 01 04 Lehmann's parameters revisited Lehmann’s parameters revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 770179353 Muriel Norde Norde, Muriel Muriel Norde University of Groningen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/770179353 01 eng 30 00

Grammaticalization, and especially degrammaticalization, are polysemous terms. The term ‘grammaticalization’ has been used to refer to changes from a lexical item to a grammatical item (‘primary grammaticalization’), and from a grammatical item to a ‘more grammatical’ item (‘secondary grammaticalization’). Likewise, the term ‘degrammaticalization’ may refer to changes from a grammatical item to a lexical item (‘primary degrammaticalization’), and from a ‘more grammatical’ to a ‘less grammatical’ item (‘secondary degrammaticalization’), as well as to a number of other types of changes. This paper discusses Lehmann’s parameters of grammaticalization as a taxonomic tool, arguing that the parameters can be used to describe both grammaticalization and degrammaticalization changes, as well as to identify different subtypes of grammaticalization and degrammaticalization, with special emphasis on degrammaticalization.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.05die 06 10.1075/slcs.130.05die 111 134 24 Article 6 01 04 "Paradigmatic integration" “Paradigmatic integration” 01 04 The fourth stage in an expanded grammaticalization scenario The fourth stage in an expanded grammaticalization scenario 1 A01 01 JB code 442179354 Gabriele Diewald Diewald, Gabriele Gabriele Diewald Leibniz Universität Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/442179354 2 A01 01 JB code 855179355 Elena Smirnova Smirnova, Elena Elena Smirnova Leibniz Universität Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/855179355 01 eng 30 00

In this paper, we propose a ‘constructionist’ scenario of grammaticalization that links successive diachronic stages of a grammaticalization process with particular construction types. Relying on earlier work, especially on the model of relevant context types in grammaticalization proposed in Diewald (2002), we develop the model further and introduce an additional developmental stage into the model, i.e. the stage of paradigmatic (re-)integration. This fourth stage restricts the model to grammaticalization processes and sharpens the notion of grammaticalization. In particular, we advocate the view that the fourth stage can and must be formulated as an essential criterion for differentiating grammaticalization from lexicalization and from other types of semantic change.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.06bri 06 10.1075/slcs.130.06bri 135 166 32 Article 7 01 04 "The ghosts of old morphology" “The ghosts of old morphology” 01 04 Lexicalization or (de)grammaticalization? Lexicalization or (de)grammaticalization? 1 A01 01 JB code 282179356 Laurel J. Brinton Brinton, Laurel J. Laurel J. Brinton University of British Columbia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/282179356 01 eng 30 00

“Ghost” inflectional morphology that has lost its grammatical function but remains as phonetic material has been argued to have undergone lexicalization (since the inflection becomes an unanalyzable part of the lexical item and emerges as “more lexical”) and/or degrammaticalization (since the inflection loses grammatical function and is hence “less grammatical”); if seen as the natural consequence of an inflection having attained advanced grammatical status, it may also be understood as degrammaticalization. Focusing on comparative -er (near), superlative -est (next), adverbial genitive -s (e.g. once, towards, sideways), and adverbial dative -um (whilom), this paper distinguishes between changes affecting different parts of a construction (i.e. the host words and the inflectional endings) and argues that the inflections are subject to neither lexicalization nor (de)grammaticalization, but are instances of “petrification”.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.07tro 06 10.1075/slcs.130.07tro 167 198 32 Article 8 01 04 Grammaticalization, constructions and the grammaticalization of constructions Grammaticalization, constructions and the grammaticalization of constructions 1 A01 01 JB code 379179357 Graeme Trousdale Trousdale, Graeme Graeme Trousdale University of Edinburgh 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/379179357 01 eng 30 00

Research within constructional approaches to language has begun to develop a framework for modelling diachronic variation, but the precise relationship between diachronic construction grammar and grammaticalization has yet to be fully worked out (Noël 2007). The article includes discussion of some central issues in construction grammar which are of significant relevance to researchers interested in grammaticalization and lexicalization, with suggestions for some of the ways in which key topics in grammaticalization research – such as unidirectionality, reanalysis and analogy – might be explained using a constructional model. In order to illustrate this thesis, I draw on a range of data from the history of English (particularly, quantifiers and degree modifiers, composite predicates and possessives).

01 01 JB code slcs.130.08mul 06 10.1075/slcs.130.08mul 199 226 28 Article 9 01 04 Gradualness of grammaticalization in Romance. The position of French, Spanish and Italian Gradualness of grammaticalization in Romance. The position of French, Spanish and Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 895179358 Walter De Mulder De Mulder, Walter Walter De Mulder University of Antwerp 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/895179358 2 A01 01 JB code 130179359 Béatrice Lamiroy Lamiroy, Béatrice Béatrice Lamiroy University of Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/130179359 01 eng 30 00

In this article we propose that the notion of grammaticalization as a gradual process can be extended to language typology. Within the same language family, grammaticalization phenomena can be ongoing in one language and have reached a stage further down the cline in another language. This entails that diachronically languages of the same family may grammaticalize at a different speed. ‘Degree of grammaticalization’ is operationalized as degree of paradigmatization: the reduction of alternatives is viewed as representing a higher degree of paradigmaticity and of grammaticalization. We make our case for three important Romance languages, French, Italian and Spanish. It is argued that in Romance we find the following cline of grammaticalization: French > Italian > Spanish, i.e. with French being most grammaticalized, Spanish least, and Italian in between.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.09ron 06 10.1075/slcs.130.09ron 227 248 22 Article 10 01 04 Development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in Irish and Welsh Development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in Irish and Welsh 1 A01 01 JB code 697179360 Patricia Ronan Ronan, Patricia Patricia Ronan Université de Lausanne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/697179360 01 eng 30 00

This paper offers a qualitative and quantitative study of the development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in the Irish language. It is argued that the modern periphrastic perfect construction arose to fill a gap left in the tense marking system by the generalization of the former perfect to preterite senses. It is suggested that this development was facilitated by the evolution of a periphrastic, prepositional progressive, which grammaticalized to specify the aspectual differences in continuous aspect marking. A similar development is envisaged for the comparable, but not identical, Welsh aspectual system.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.10mel 06 10.1075/slcs.130.10mel 249 270 22 Article 11 01 04 Emergence and grammaticalization of constructions within the se me network of Spanish Emergence and grammaticalization of constructions within the se me network of Spanish 1 A01 01 JB code 381179361 Chantal Melis Melis, Chantal Chantal Melis Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/381179361 2 A01 01 JB code 571179362 Marcela Flores Flores, Marcela Marcela Flores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/571179362 01 eng 30 00

Historical linguistics has begun to explore the way new insights into change can be gained from a constructional approach to language. In this work we focus on a Spanish construction used for events caused accidentally by a human participant marked dative. The construction enters fairly late in the language and thus raises the question of how the new pairing of form and meaning emerged. Under our proposal, the development originates in an old voice pattern expressing spontaneously occurring events and leads to the new construction through a series of gradual extensions to distinct event types. Most significantly, as a result of these extensions the input construction becomes more schematic, which is to say, it grammaticalizes (Trousdale this volume).

01 01 JB code slcs.130.11vaz 06 10.1075/slcs.130.11vaz 271 298 28 Article 12 01 04 A discourse-based analysis of object clitic doubling in Spanish A discourse-based analysis of object clitic doubling in Spanish 1 A01 01 JB code 323179363 Victoria Vázquez Rozas Vázquez Rozas, Victoria Victoria Vázquez Rozas Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/323179363 2 A01 01 JB code 524179364 Marcos García Salido Salido, Marcos García Marcos García Salido Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/524179364 01 eng 30 00

The paper provides a functional, usage-based analysis of the genesis and diffusion of object clitic doubling in Spanish, which is seen as an agreement phenomenon, and hence as a working example of grammaticalization. It has been claimed that doubling arises from the so-called topic-shift construction (Givón 1976), but historical and contemporary data support an alternative proposal that pays more attention to frequency effects and takes into account the often neglected high proportion of clitic-only objects in discourse. Our analysis suggests a strong correlation between being an object encoded frequently by means of a clitic/affix and developing agreement It also points to the accessibility of the discourse referents as the main factor in determining the grammatical form of direct and indirect objects in Spanish.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.12eck 06 10.1075/slcs.130.12eck 299 326 28 Article 13 01 04 The many careers of negative polarity items The many careers of negative polarity items 1 A01 01 JB code 45179365 Regine Eckardt Eckardt, Regine Regine Eckardt University of Göttingen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/45179365 01 eng 30 00

This study focuses on “the many careers of negative polarity items”, taking a diachronic perspective on NPIs in general and on scalar NPIs in particular. Its main thesis is that scalar NPIs are prototypical NPIs. The downward entailing contexts of NPIs can be explained and made cognitively accessible by the pragmatic mechanisms associated with scalar NPIs, viz. the capacity to evoke alternatives (ALT) and the scalar interpretation of these alternatives (SCALE). NPIs with standard contexts of distribution are, or are otherwise tied to, scalar expressions, while NPIs with an idiosyncratic range of contexts are not. The diachronic development of core NPIs crucially involves the loss, change or replacement of ALT and/or SCALE. Non-scalar elements can also become NPIs, but non-prototypical ones, viz. escort particles, analogy NPIs, or mimicry NPIs.

01 01 JB code slcs.130.13aut 06 10.1075/slcs.130.13aut 327 330 4 Article 14 01 04 Author Index Author Index 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.130.14sub 06 10.1075/slcs.130.14sub 331 342 12 Article 15 01 04 Subject Index Subject Index 01 eng
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