133015004 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 154 Eb 15 9789027270511 06 10.1075/slcs.154 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 0165-7763 02 154.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-slcs 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series (vols. 1–171, 1978–2015) 05 02 SLCS (vols. 1–171, 1978–2015) 01 01 The Sociolinguistics of Grammar The Sociolinguistics of Grammar 1 B01 01 JB code 846197976 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli NTNU Trondheim 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/846197976 2 B01 01 JB code 287197977 Brit Mæhlum Mæhlum, Brit Brit Mæhlum NTNU Trondheim 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/287197977 01 eng 11 265 03 03 v 03 00 260 03 01 23 306.44 03 2014 P40.5.S57 04 Sociolinguistics. 04 Socialization. 04 Grammar, Comparative and general. 04 Generative grammar. 04 Linguistic change. 04 Historical linguistics. 10 LAN009000 12 CFB 24 JB code LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB code LIN.CREO Creole studies 24 JB code LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 The aim of this book is to investigate and attain new insights on how and to what extent the wider sociolinguistic context of language use and contact impinges on formal grammatical structures. 03 00 The aim of this book is to investigate and attain new insights on how and to what extent the wider sociolinguistic context of language use and contact impinges on formal grammatical structures. The papers contained in the book approach this important problem from various points of view by focusing on language evolution and change, on multilingualism, language mixing and dialect variation, on spoken language, and on creole languages. Given the theoretical perspectives, methodological focus, and analyses, the book will be of interest to theoretical linguists as well as sociolinguists, from undergraduate students to researchers. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.154.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259196.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027259196.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.154.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.154.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.154.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.154.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.154.01int 06 10.1075/slcs.154.01int 1 12 12 Article 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics 1 A01 01 JB code 264209160 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/264209160 2 A01 01 JB code 621209161 Brit Mæhlum Mæhlum, Brit Brit Mæhlum 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/621209161 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.154.02muf 06 10.1075/slcs.154.02muf 13 36 24 Article 2 01 04 Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question 1 A01 01 JB code 42209162 Salikoko S. Mufwene Mufwene, Salikoko S. Salikoko S. Mufwene 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/42209162 01 eng 30 00 I argue in this essay that from a phylogenetic perspective human languages emerged as communicative technologies responding to various ecological pressures experienced by the hominine species during its protracted evolution. The most important of these pressures were cognitive and social, notwithstanding the changing physical ecologies in which hominines have evolved and about which they have wanted to communicate. This adaptive process involved the domestication of the anatomy by the mind as it too evolved from more primitive forms to its current level of complexity and sophistication. The mind has coopted the most suitable parts of the anatomy to generate productive systems that are easy to learn, process, and adapt to the hominines’ increasing cognitive capacity to satisfy the ever-changing communicative pressures they experienced. One may also argue that, overall, human languages evolved by successive exaptations of the anatomy and of extant means of communication to produce linguistic systems that would meet current and new communicative needs at different stages of hominine evolution. However, the reader is also referred to Mufwene (2013b), where the emergence of the mechanics of the linguistic technology is explained in more detail. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.03new 06 10.1075/slcs.154.03new 37 66 30 Article 3 01 04 Syntactic change Syntactic change 01 04 Between universal grammar and fuzzy grammar Between universal grammar and fuzzy grammar 1 A01 01 JB code 751209163 Frederick J. Newmeyer Newmeyer, Frederick J. Frederick J. Newmeyer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/751209163 01 eng 30 00 Two diametrically opposed positions on syntactic change have wide currency in the literature. The first is the classical position of mainstream formal linguistics. In this view, UG-based strategies lead to a dramatically rapid cascade of seemingly unrelated diachronic changes. The second view has been developed primarily in the context of functional linguistics and associated statistical approaches. In this way of looking at things, diachronic change is ‘fuzzy’, in the sense that syntactic categories and constructions undergo a gradual evolution. In this paper I argue that neither position is correct. Syntactic change is discrete and abrupt, as is maintained by most formal syntacticians. However, we must abandon the view that such change can be interpreted in terms of UG-provided parameters or cues. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.04cor 06 10.1075/slcs.154.04cor 67 90 24 Article 4 01 04 Language contact, linguistic variability and the construction of local identities Language contact, linguistic variability and the construction of local identities 1 A01 01 JB code 345209164 Leonie Cornips Cornips, Leonie Leonie Cornips 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/345209164 01 eng 30 00 This paper focuses on “old” bidialectal and “new” bilingual language contact settings in the Netherlands combining insights from theoretical linguistics and sociolinguistics. It highlights some surprising conditions for language variation, namely the observation that in the bidialectal contact situation when a dialect feature (inalienable possessive dative construction) may disappear from the local dialect(s) it may be picked up as a feature of a new regional standard. In the bilingual contact situation, for some bilinguals the overgeneralization of the common definite determiner indexes “streetwise” identity formation. In sum, contact situations in bidialectal communities may lead to different linguistic outcomes but have similar social meanings whereas in bilingual communities similar linguistic outcomes are only meaningful for some speakers and not for others. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.05nis 06 10.1075/slcs.154.05nis 91 116 26 Article 5 01 04 The social side of syntax in multilingual Oslo The social side of syntax in multilingual Oslo 1 A01 01 JB code 76209165 Ingvild Nistov Nistov, Ingvild Ingvild Nistov 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/76209165 2 A01 01 JB code 192209166 Toril Opsahl Opsahl, Toril Toril Opsahl 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/192209166 01 eng 30 00 This chapter is concerned with the social side of syntax, which is crucial for examining mechanisms of contact-induced change. The linguistic feature we shed light upon is violations of the syntactic V2 constraint, which has been observed and described as a feature of multiethnic youth varieties in several European urban areas. Drawing on conversational data from Oslo, Norway, we pursue an intuition that multilingualism may be exploited also at a symbolic level in urban areas. L2 usage may have played a role indirectly, by providing input to the feature pool and as a ground for accommodation strategies. The V2 violations may have developed from interactional accommodation to intentional usage imitating in- group prestigious patterns that index coolness, toughness and “foreignness”. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.06flo 06 10.1075/slcs.154.06flo 117 136 20 Article 6 01 04 The expansion of the Preterit in Rioplatenese Spanish The expansion of the Preterit in Rioplatenese Spanish 01 04 Contact induced? Contact induced? 1 A01 01 JB code 789209167 Guro Nore Fløgstad Fløgstad, Guro Nore Guro Nore Fløgstad 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/789209167 01 eng 30 00 A major morphosyntactic change has taken place in Spanish spoken in Buenos Aires, Argentina (henceforth Rioplatense). While the Preterit coexisted with a Perfect until the turn of the 20th century, it is shown that this opposition gradually has been erased in the language of young speakers in this sample. Today, the Preterit functions as a perfective which also encompasses current relevance contexts, previously expressed through the Perfect. Such a finding is discussed in the light of grammaticalization theory (e.g. Bybee et al. 1994), which emphasizes how the expansion of a perfect and replacement of the preterit is typical of grammaticalization and of Romance languages in particular. In addition, it is argued that the change did not occur due to contact, neither (1) as the result of contact with speakers of a language with a similar system (Sicilian Italian) nor (2) as a post-contact phenomenon, despite Buenos Aires being a high-contact society at the time of the initiation of the change. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.07hod 06 10.1075/slcs.154.07hod 137 152 16 Article 7 01 04 Constructing diasystems Constructing diasystems 01 04 Grammatical organisation in bilingual groups Grammatical organisation in bilingual groups 1 A01 01 JB code 606209168 Steffen Höder Höder, Steffen Steffen Höder 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/606209168 01 eng 30 00 From a global and historical perspective, multilingualism or at least multilectalism is the rule rather than the exception. However, linguistic theory continues to focus on the idea of a prototypically coherent, static, and monolingual language system. A more realistic approach can set out from the notion of ‘diasystems’, i.e. linguistic systems including more than one variety. Apart from being theoretical constructs, diasystems are also an important component of multilectal speakers’ linguistic knowledge. Within a usage-based construction grammar approach, this paper argues that multilectal speakers (re-)organise their grammars by generalisation over individual constructions and across language boundaries. Therefore, the multilectal system can be modelled as an inventory of constructions that are partly language-specific and partly unspecified for language. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.08afa 06 10.1075/slcs.154.08afa 153 170 18 Article 8 01 04 Syntactic frames and single-word code-switching Syntactic frames and single-word code-switching 01 04 A case study of Mandarin Chinese - Norwegian bilingualism A case study of Mandarin Chinese - Norwegian bilingualism 1 A01 01 JB code 97209169 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/97209169 2 A01 01 JB code 178209170 Fufen Jin Jin, Fufen Fufen Jin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/178209170 01 eng 30 00 Mainstream core grammar theory, still to some extent relying on the idealized speaker in a homogeneous speech community, is ill equipped to handle different kinds of periphery data, like code-switching data and other types of language mixing data. In this paper, we defend a model of grammar that we argue is able to handle different types of both core and periphery data. Empirically, we focus on single-word code-switching data obtained from a small corpus of the Chinese production of a bilingual Mandarin Chinese – Norwegian child. We develop the beginnings of a generative frame model of grammar exploiting insights both from late insertion neo-constructional models and from code-switching theories assuming a matrix – embedded language asymmetry. We will be paying special attention to the lexicon – syntax interface. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.09nyg 06 10.1075/slcs.154.09nyg 171 190 20 Article 9 01 04 Norwegian discourse ellipses in the left periphery - interacting structural and semantic restrictions Norwegian discourse ellipses in the left periphery – interacting structural and semantic restrictions 1 A01 01 JB code 882209171 Mari Nygård Nygård, Mari Mari Nygård 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/882209171 01 eng 30 00 In Norwegian discourse ellipses, elements in the left edge of the clause are most frequently elided. Yet, a topic drop analysis is argued to be empirically too narrow, since occasionally the whole C-domain is silent. I propose an analysis which combines semantic and structural restrictions: Ellipsis must obey the semantic recoverability condition. On the structural side, the whole C-domain can be unrealized only when all the elements are part of the same Agree-relation. If the constituent in (spec,CP) is not part of this agreement system, e.g. if the object is topicalized, ellipsis of the whole domain is illicit. Ellipsis of only (spec,CP) is possible in any case, given that the semantic identity criteria are fulfilled. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.10bic 06 10.1075/slcs.154.10bic 191 202 12 Article 10 01 04 The myth of creole "exceptionalism" The myth of creole “exceptionalism” 1 A01 01 JB code 475209172 Derek Bickerton Bickerton, Derek Derek Bickerton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/475209172 01 eng 30 00 Recently claims that the universalist approach to creole languages treats them as “exceptional” are misconceived. The only thing “exceptional” about creoles is the sociohistorical context within which creoles originated. Creoles utilize the same processes that are deployed during “normal” language acquisition: children form sentences according to inborn algorithms, then adjust the results to conform to structures encountered in input. “Normal” and creole-forming situations differ only in that in the latter, with reduced input, less adjustment is required. Since the same strategies apply wherever input falls below optimal, it is unsurprising that similar phenomena occur in “ordinary” language change and creolization. However, in creolization changes are simultaneous, and exact patterns of change repeat across multiple languages, while changes elsewhere are stochastic. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.11abo 06 10.1075/slcs.154.11abo 203 236 34 Article 11 01 04 Some notes on bare noun phrases in Haitian Creole and Gungbe Some notes on bare noun phrases in Haitian Creole and Gùngbè 01 04 A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 968209173 Enoch O. Aboh Aboh, Enoch O. Enoch O. Aboh 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/968209173 2 A01 01 JB code 905209174 Michel DeGraff DeGraff, Michel Michel DeGraff 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/905209174 01 eng 30 00 This paper discusses noun phrases in Haitian Creole (HC), a French-derived Creole, and in Gungbe, a Gbe language. These languages exhibit “bare noun phrases” (BNPs) in a wider range of positions than in French, English and the other most commonly studied Romance and Germanic languages. Studies on the formation of HC show that many of the creators of the earliest Creole varieties in 17th-century Saint-Domingue were native speakers of Niger-Congo languages including Gbe language. We believe that by close analysis of specific domains of the Creole (e.g. BNPs) and by comparing these patterns to their analogues in the languages in contact during the emergence of the Creole, we can better understand how Universal Grammar regulates the emergence of new varieties out of language contact. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.12gre 06 10.1075/slcs.154.12gre 237 258 22 Article 12 01 04 Coding in time Coding in time 01 04 On the historical character of linguistic knowledge On the historical character of linguistic knowledge 1 A01 01 JB code 591209175 Frans Gregersen Gregersen, Frans Frans Gregersen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/591209175 01 eng 30 00 In this paper, I argue that linguistics is a historical science in more than one sense: Not only is the object, language, embedded in time, but so is the study of it. This has consequences for our conception of language change. A central result of previous sociolinguistic analyses of spoken Copenhagen Danish, starting with Brink & Lund 1975, is that during the latter half of the 19th century the common European low back vowel (a) was differentiated in the Copenhagen speech community into at least four different vowel qualities all of them bearing both linguistic and sociolinguistic information. I present evidence from an unbroken chain of Copenhagen informants ranging from birth years 1905 until 1962–71. Various sections of this sample have been studied by different researchers using auditory classification of variants, and the total sample has been coded once more by the LANCHART centre. The analysis shows that auditory coding reveals the same patterns of differences between sociologically characterized groups but the relative figures classified as belonging to the various variants diverge quite dramatically and seem to be dependent on the age of the coder and the point in time at which the coding takes place. I suggest explanations for these facts and discuss whether this is a problem for the validity of sociolinguistic research or perhaps an inescapable condition for research within the language sciences. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.13ind 06 10.1075/slcs.154.13ind 259 260 2 Article 13 01 04 Index Index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.154 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20140416 C 2014 John Benjamins D 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027259196 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027270511 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 149.00 USD 259015003 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 154 Hb 15 9789027259196 06 10.1075/slcs.154 13 2013049280 00 BB 08 620 gr 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 0165-7763 02 154.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 01 01 The Sociolinguistics of Grammar The Sociolinguistics of Grammar 1 B01 01 JB code 846197976 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli NTNU Trondheim 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/846197976 2 B01 01 JB code 287197977 Brit Mæhlum Mæhlum, Brit Brit Mæhlum NTNU Trondheim 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/287197977 01 eng 11 265 03 03 v 03 00 260 03 01 23 306.44 03 2014 P40.5.S57 04 Sociolinguistics. 04 Socialization. 04 Grammar, Comparative and general. 04 Generative grammar. 04 Linguistic change. 04 Historical linguistics. 10 LAN009000 12 CFB 24 JB code LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB code LIN.CREO Creole studies 24 JB code LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 The aim of this book is to investigate and attain new insights on how and to what extent the wider sociolinguistic context of language use and contact impinges on formal grammatical structures. 03 00 The aim of this book is to investigate and attain new insights on how and to what extent the wider sociolinguistic context of language use and contact impinges on formal grammatical structures. The papers contained in the book approach this important problem from various points of view by focusing on language evolution and change, on multilingualism, language mixing and dialect variation, on spoken language, and on creole languages. Given the theoretical perspectives, methodological focus, and analyses, the book will be of interest to theoretical linguists as well as sociolinguists, from undergraduate students to researchers. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.154.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259196.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027259196.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.154.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.154.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.154.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.154.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.154.01int 06 10.1075/slcs.154.01int 1 12 12 Article 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics 1 A01 01 JB code 264209160 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/264209160 2 A01 01 JB code 621209161 Brit Mæhlum Mæhlum, Brit Brit Mæhlum 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/621209161 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.154.02muf 06 10.1075/slcs.154.02muf 13 36 24 Article 2 01 04 Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question 1 A01 01 JB code 42209162 Salikoko S. Mufwene Mufwene, Salikoko S. Salikoko S. Mufwene 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/42209162 01 eng 30 00 I argue in this essay that from a phylogenetic perspective human languages emerged as communicative technologies responding to various ecological pressures experienced by the hominine species during its protracted evolution. The most important of these pressures were cognitive and social, notwithstanding the changing physical ecologies in which hominines have evolved and about which they have wanted to communicate. This adaptive process involved the domestication of the anatomy by the mind as it too evolved from more primitive forms to its current level of complexity and sophistication. The mind has coopted the most suitable parts of the anatomy to generate productive systems that are easy to learn, process, and adapt to the hominines’ increasing cognitive capacity to satisfy the ever-changing communicative pressures they experienced. One may also argue that, overall, human languages evolved by successive exaptations of the anatomy and of extant means of communication to produce linguistic systems that would meet current and new communicative needs at different stages of hominine evolution. However, the reader is also referred to Mufwene (2013b), where the emergence of the mechanics of the linguistic technology is explained in more detail. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.03new 06 10.1075/slcs.154.03new 37 66 30 Article 3 01 04 Syntactic change Syntactic change 01 04 Between universal grammar and fuzzy grammar Between universal grammar and fuzzy grammar 1 A01 01 JB code 751209163 Frederick J. Newmeyer Newmeyer, Frederick J. Frederick J. Newmeyer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/751209163 01 eng 30 00 Two diametrically opposed positions on syntactic change have wide currency in the literature. The first is the classical position of mainstream formal linguistics. In this view, UG-based strategies lead to a dramatically rapid cascade of seemingly unrelated diachronic changes. The second view has been developed primarily in the context of functional linguistics and associated statistical approaches. In this way of looking at things, diachronic change is ‘fuzzy’, in the sense that syntactic categories and constructions undergo a gradual evolution. In this paper I argue that neither position is correct. Syntactic change is discrete and abrupt, as is maintained by most formal syntacticians. However, we must abandon the view that such change can be interpreted in terms of UG-provided parameters or cues. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.04cor 06 10.1075/slcs.154.04cor 67 90 24 Article 4 01 04 Language contact, linguistic variability and the construction of local identities Language contact, linguistic variability and the construction of local identities 1 A01 01 JB code 345209164 Leonie Cornips Cornips, Leonie Leonie Cornips 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/345209164 01 eng 30 00 This paper focuses on “old” bidialectal and “new” bilingual language contact settings in the Netherlands combining insights from theoretical linguistics and sociolinguistics. It highlights some surprising conditions for language variation, namely the observation that in the bidialectal contact situation when a dialect feature (inalienable possessive dative construction) may disappear from the local dialect(s) it may be picked up as a feature of a new regional standard. In the bilingual contact situation, for some bilinguals the overgeneralization of the common definite determiner indexes “streetwise” identity formation. In sum, contact situations in bidialectal communities may lead to different linguistic outcomes but have similar social meanings whereas in bilingual communities similar linguistic outcomes are only meaningful for some speakers and not for others. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.05nis 06 10.1075/slcs.154.05nis 91 116 26 Article 5 01 04 The social side of syntax in multilingual Oslo The social side of syntax in multilingual Oslo 1 A01 01 JB code 76209165 Ingvild Nistov Nistov, Ingvild Ingvild Nistov 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/76209165 2 A01 01 JB code 192209166 Toril Opsahl Opsahl, Toril Toril Opsahl 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/192209166 01 eng 30 00 This chapter is concerned with the social side of syntax, which is crucial for examining mechanisms of contact-induced change. The linguistic feature we shed light upon is violations of the syntactic V2 constraint, which has been observed and described as a feature of multiethnic youth varieties in several European urban areas. Drawing on conversational data from Oslo, Norway, we pursue an intuition that multilingualism may be exploited also at a symbolic level in urban areas. L2 usage may have played a role indirectly, by providing input to the feature pool and as a ground for accommodation strategies. The V2 violations may have developed from interactional accommodation to intentional usage imitating in- group prestigious patterns that index coolness, toughness and “foreignness”. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.06flo 06 10.1075/slcs.154.06flo 117 136 20 Article 6 01 04 The expansion of the Preterit in Rioplatenese Spanish The expansion of the Preterit in Rioplatenese Spanish 01 04 Contact induced? Contact induced? 1 A01 01 JB code 789209167 Guro Nore Fløgstad Fløgstad, Guro Nore Guro Nore Fløgstad 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/789209167 01 eng 30 00 A major morphosyntactic change has taken place in Spanish spoken in Buenos Aires, Argentina (henceforth Rioplatense). While the Preterit coexisted with a Perfect until the turn of the 20th century, it is shown that this opposition gradually has been erased in the language of young speakers in this sample. Today, the Preterit functions as a perfective which also encompasses current relevance contexts, previously expressed through the Perfect. Such a finding is discussed in the light of grammaticalization theory (e.g. Bybee et al. 1994), which emphasizes how the expansion of a perfect and replacement of the preterit is typical of grammaticalization and of Romance languages in particular. In addition, it is argued that the change did not occur due to contact, neither (1) as the result of contact with speakers of a language with a similar system (Sicilian Italian) nor (2) as a post-contact phenomenon, despite Buenos Aires being a high-contact society at the time of the initiation of the change. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.07hod 06 10.1075/slcs.154.07hod 137 152 16 Article 7 01 04 Constructing diasystems Constructing diasystems 01 04 Grammatical organisation in bilingual groups Grammatical organisation in bilingual groups 1 A01 01 JB code 606209168 Steffen Höder Höder, Steffen Steffen Höder 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/606209168 01 eng 30 00 From a global and historical perspective, multilingualism or at least multilectalism is the rule rather than the exception. However, linguistic theory continues to focus on the idea of a prototypically coherent, static, and monolingual language system. A more realistic approach can set out from the notion of ‘diasystems’, i.e. linguistic systems including more than one variety. Apart from being theoretical constructs, diasystems are also an important component of multilectal speakers’ linguistic knowledge. Within a usage-based construction grammar approach, this paper argues that multilectal speakers (re-)organise their grammars by generalisation over individual constructions and across language boundaries. Therefore, the multilectal system can be modelled as an inventory of constructions that are partly language-specific and partly unspecified for language. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.08afa 06 10.1075/slcs.154.08afa 153 170 18 Article 8 01 04 Syntactic frames and single-word code-switching Syntactic frames and single-word code-switching 01 04 A case study of Mandarin Chinese - Norwegian bilingualism A case study of Mandarin Chinese - Norwegian bilingualism 1 A01 01 JB code 97209169 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/97209169 2 A01 01 JB code 178209170 Fufen Jin Jin, Fufen Fufen Jin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/178209170 01 eng 30 00 Mainstream core grammar theory, still to some extent relying on the idealized speaker in a homogeneous speech community, is ill equipped to handle different kinds of periphery data, like code-switching data and other types of language mixing data. In this paper, we defend a model of grammar that we argue is able to handle different types of both core and periphery data. Empirically, we focus on single-word code-switching data obtained from a small corpus of the Chinese production of a bilingual Mandarin Chinese – Norwegian child. We develop the beginnings of a generative frame model of grammar exploiting insights both from late insertion neo-constructional models and from code-switching theories assuming a matrix – embedded language asymmetry. We will be paying special attention to the lexicon – syntax interface. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.09nyg 06 10.1075/slcs.154.09nyg 171 190 20 Article 9 01 04 Norwegian discourse ellipses in the left periphery - interacting structural and semantic restrictions Norwegian discourse ellipses in the left periphery – interacting structural and semantic restrictions 1 A01 01 JB code 882209171 Mari Nygård Nygård, Mari Mari Nygård 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/882209171 01 eng 30 00 In Norwegian discourse ellipses, elements in the left edge of the clause are most frequently elided. Yet, a topic drop analysis is argued to be empirically too narrow, since occasionally the whole C-domain is silent. I propose an analysis which combines semantic and structural restrictions: Ellipsis must obey the semantic recoverability condition. On the structural side, the whole C-domain can be unrealized only when all the elements are part of the same Agree-relation. If the constituent in (spec,CP) is not part of this agreement system, e.g. if the object is topicalized, ellipsis of the whole domain is illicit. Ellipsis of only (spec,CP) is possible in any case, given that the semantic identity criteria are fulfilled. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.10bic 06 10.1075/slcs.154.10bic 191 202 12 Article 10 01 04 The myth of creole "exceptionalism" The myth of creole “exceptionalism” 1 A01 01 JB code 475209172 Derek Bickerton Bickerton, Derek Derek Bickerton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/475209172 01 eng 30 00 Recently claims that the universalist approach to creole languages treats them as “exceptional” are misconceived. The only thing “exceptional” about creoles is the sociohistorical context within which creoles originated. Creoles utilize the same processes that are deployed during “normal” language acquisition: children form sentences according to inborn algorithms, then adjust the results to conform to structures encountered in input. “Normal” and creole-forming situations differ only in that in the latter, with reduced input, less adjustment is required. Since the same strategies apply wherever input falls below optimal, it is unsurprising that similar phenomena occur in “ordinary” language change and creolization. However, in creolization changes are simultaneous, and exact patterns of change repeat across multiple languages, while changes elsewhere are stochastic. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.11abo 06 10.1075/slcs.154.11abo 203 236 34 Article 11 01 04 Some notes on bare noun phrases in Haitian Creole and Gungbe Some notes on bare noun phrases in Haitian Creole and Gùngbè 01 04 A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 968209173 Enoch O. Aboh Aboh, Enoch O. Enoch O. Aboh 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/968209173 2 A01 01 JB code 905209174 Michel DeGraff DeGraff, Michel Michel DeGraff 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/905209174 01 eng 30 00 This paper discusses noun phrases in Haitian Creole (HC), a French-derived Creole, and in Gungbe, a Gbe language. These languages exhibit “bare noun phrases” (BNPs) in a wider range of positions than in French, English and the other most commonly studied Romance and Germanic languages. Studies on the formation of HC show that many of the creators of the earliest Creole varieties in 17th-century Saint-Domingue were native speakers of Niger-Congo languages including Gbe language. We believe that by close analysis of specific domains of the Creole (e.g. BNPs) and by comparing these patterns to their analogues in the languages in contact during the emergence of the Creole, we can better understand how Universal Grammar regulates the emergence of new varieties out of language contact. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.12gre 06 10.1075/slcs.154.12gre 237 258 22 Article 12 01 04 Coding in time Coding in time 01 04 On the historical character of linguistic knowledge On the historical character of linguistic knowledge 1 A01 01 JB code 591209175 Frans Gregersen Gregersen, Frans Frans Gregersen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/591209175 01 eng 30 00 In this paper, I argue that linguistics is a historical science in more than one sense: Not only is the object, language, embedded in time, but so is the study of it. This has consequences for our conception of language change. A central result of previous sociolinguistic analyses of spoken Copenhagen Danish, starting with Brink & Lund 1975, is that during the latter half of the 19th century the common European low back vowel (a) was differentiated in the Copenhagen speech community into at least four different vowel qualities all of them bearing both linguistic and sociolinguistic information. I present evidence from an unbroken chain of Copenhagen informants ranging from birth years 1905 until 1962–71. Various sections of this sample have been studied by different researchers using auditory classification of variants, and the total sample has been coded once more by the LANCHART centre. The analysis shows that auditory coding reveals the same patterns of differences between sociologically characterized groups but the relative figures classified as belonging to the various variants diverge quite dramatically and seem to be dependent on the age of the coder and the point in time at which the coding takes place. I suggest explanations for these facts and discuss whether this is a problem for the validity of sociolinguistic research or perhaps an inescapable condition for research within the language sciences. 01 01 JB code slcs.154.13ind 06 10.1075/slcs.154.13ind 259 260 2 Article 13 01 04 Index Index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.154 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20140416 C 2014 John Benjamins D 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 13 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 99.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 13 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 149.00 USD 965015448 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 154 GE 15 9789027270511 06 10.1075/slcs.154 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 JB code 0165-7763 02 154.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 01 01 The Sociolinguistics of Grammar The Sociolinguistics of Grammar 1 B01 01 JB code 846197976 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli NTNU Trondheim 2 B01 01 JB code 287197977 Brit Mæhlum Mæhlum, Brit Brit Mæhlum NTNU Trondheim 01 eng 11 265 03 03 v 03 00 260 03 24 JB code LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB code LIN.CREO Creole studies 24 JB code LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009000 12 CFB 01 06 02 00 The aim of this book is to investigate and attain new insights on how and to what extent the wider sociolinguistic context of language use and contact impinges on formal grammatical structures. 03 00 The aim of this book is to investigate and attain new insights on how and to what extent the wider sociolinguistic context of language use and contact impinges on formal grammatical structures. The papers contained in the book approach this important problem from various points of view by focusing on language evolution and change, on multilingualism, language mixing and dialect variation, on spoken language, and on creole languages. Given the theoretical perspectives, methodological focus, and analyses, the book will be of interest to theoretical linguists as well as sociolinguists, from undergraduate students to researchers. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.154.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259196.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027259196.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.154.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.154.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.154.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.154.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.154.01int 06 10.1075/slcs.154.01int 1 12 12 Article 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics 1 A01 01 JB code 264209160 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli 2 A01 01 JB code 621209161 Brit Mæhlum Mæhlum, Brit Brit Mæhlum 01 01 JB code slcs.154.02muf 06 10.1075/slcs.154.02muf 13 36 24 Article 2 01 04 Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question 1 A01 01 JB code 42209162 Salikoko S. Mufwene Mufwene, Salikoko S. Salikoko S. Mufwene 01 01 JB code slcs.154.03new 06 10.1075/slcs.154.03new 37 66 30 Article 3 01 04 Syntactic change Syntactic change 01 04 Between universal grammar and fuzzy grammar Between universal grammar and fuzzy grammar 1 A01 01 JB code 751209163 Frederick J. Newmeyer Newmeyer, Frederick J. Frederick J. Newmeyer 01 01 JB code slcs.154.04cor 06 10.1075/slcs.154.04cor 67 90 24 Article 4 01 04 Language contact, linguistic variability and the construction of local identities Language contact, linguistic variability and the construction of local identities 1 A01 01 JB code 345209164 Leonie Cornips Cornips, Leonie Leonie Cornips 01 01 JB code slcs.154.05nis 06 10.1075/slcs.154.05nis 91 116 26 Article 5 01 04 The social side of syntax in multilingual Oslo The social side of syntax in multilingual Oslo 1 A01 01 JB code 76209165 Ingvild Nistov Nistov, Ingvild Ingvild Nistov 2 A01 01 JB code 192209166 Toril Opsahl Opsahl, Toril Toril Opsahl 01 01 JB code slcs.154.06flo 06 10.1075/slcs.154.06flo 117 136 20 Article 6 01 04 The expansion of the Preterit in Rioplatenese Spanish The expansion of the Preterit in Rioplatenese Spanish 01 04 Contact induced? Contact induced? 1 A01 01 JB code 789209167 Guro Nore Fløgstad Fløgstad, Guro Nore Guro Nore Fløgstad 01 01 JB code slcs.154.07hod 06 10.1075/slcs.154.07hod 137 152 16 Article 7 01 04 Constructing diasystems Constructing diasystems 01 04 Grammatical organisation in bilingual groups Grammatical organisation in bilingual groups 1 A01 01 JB code 606209168 Steffen Höder Höder, Steffen Steffen Höder 01 01 JB code slcs.154.08afa 06 10.1075/slcs.154.08afa 153 170 18 Article 8 01 04 Syntactic frames and single-word code-switching Syntactic frames and single-word code-switching 01 04 A case study of Mandarin Chinese - Norwegian bilingualism A case study of Mandarin Chinese - Norwegian bilingualism 1 A01 01 JB code 97209169 Tor A. Åfarli Åfarli, Tor A. Tor A. Åfarli 2 A01 01 JB code 178209170 Fufen Jin Jin, Fufen Fufen Jin 01 01 JB code slcs.154.09nyg 06 10.1075/slcs.154.09nyg 171 190 20 Article 9 01 04 Norwegian discourse ellipses in the left periphery - interacting structural and semantic restrictions Norwegian discourse ellipses in the left periphery – interacting structural and semantic restrictions 1 A01 01 JB code 882209171 Mari Nygård Nygård, Mari Mari Nygård 01 01 JB code slcs.154.10bic 06 10.1075/slcs.154.10bic 191 202 12 Article 10 01 04 The myth of creole "exceptionalism" The myth of creole “exceptionalism” 1 A01 01 JB code 475209172 Derek Bickerton Bickerton, Derek Derek Bickerton 01 01 JB code slcs.154.11abo 06 10.1075/slcs.154.11abo 203 236 34 Article 11 01 04 Some notes on bare noun phrases in Haitian Creole and Gungbe Some notes on bare noun phrases in Haitian Creole and Gùngbè 01 04 A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 968209173 Enoch O. Aboh Aboh, Enoch O. Enoch O. Aboh 2 A01 01 JB code 905209174 Michel DeGraff DeGraff, Michel Michel DeGraff 01 01 JB code slcs.154.12gre 06 10.1075/slcs.154.12gre 237 258 22 Article 12 01 04 Coding in time Coding in time 01 04 On the historical character of linguistic knowledge On the historical character of linguistic knowledge 1 A01 01 JB code 591209175 Frans Gregersen Gregersen, Frans Frans Gregersen 01 01 JB code slcs.154.13ind 06 10.1075/slcs.154.13ind 259 260 2 Article 13 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20140416 C 2014 John Benjamins D 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027259196 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 83.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 149.00 USD