219-7677
10
7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
201608250353
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
767014992
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SLCS 162 Eb
15
9789027269720
06
10.1075/slcs.162
13
2014022645
DG
002
02
01
SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
162
01
Grammaticalization – Theory and Data
01
slcs.162
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.162
1
B01
Sylvie Hancil
Hancil, Sylvie
Sylvie
Hancil
University of Rouen
2
B01
Ekkehard König
König, Ekkehard
Ekkehard
König
Free University Berlin
01
eng
301
viii
293
LAN009000
v.2006
CFF
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HL
Historical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.MORPH
Morphology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
Since the 1980s theories and studies of grammaticalization have provided a major source of inspiration for the description and explanation of language change, giving rise to many publications and conferences. This collection presents original, empirical studies that explore various facets of grammaticalization research of both formal and functional orientation. The papers of this selection deal with general issues and specific empirical domains, such as personal pronouns; indefinite pronouns; final particles; tense and aspect markers; comitative markers and coordinating conjunctions. The languages covered include English, German, dialects of Italian, Japanese, Polish, and Walman (Papuan). The book will be of great interest to linguists working on language change in a wide variety of languages.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.162.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259271.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027259271.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.162.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.162.png
25
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.162.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.162.hb.png
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.001ack
vii
viii
2
Article
1
01
Acknowledgements
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.01int
1
10
10
Article
2
01
Introduction
1
A01
Sylvie Hancil
Hancil, Sylvie
Sylvie
Hancil
2
A01
Ekkehard König
König, Ekkehard
Ekkehard
König
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.s1
Section header
3
01
Part 1. General issues
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.02oeh
13
40
28
Article
4
01
Acquisition Based and Usage Based Explanations of Grammaticalisation. An Integrative Approach
1
A01
Peter Öhl
Öhl, Peter
Peter
Öhl
01
This paper compares and discusses two mainstream explanations of grammaticalisation processes: Generative accounts regarding them as reflections of structural reanalysis through parametric change during language acquisition, resulting in recategorisation of lexical elements as functional heads in syntactic structure and functionalist approaches that focus on performance, arguing that speakers tend to either improve expressiveness or economise speech production by varying the application of the rules of grammar, which may result in conventionalisation and finally even change the rules of grammar or create new functional elements. Our aim is to integrate the advantages of both approaches. Basically, it is argued that performance-based conventionalisation plays a central role for grammaticalisation by providing the linguistic preconditions for recategorisation of lexical elements as functional ones, or semi-functional elements as fully functional ones. However, changes of the basic rule system of grammar, which includes the parametric representation of functional heads in syntactic structure, cannot be changed except through structural reanalysis during language acquisition. On the other hand, the input for language acquisition is speech, which is shaped by application and, to a certain degree, modification of the functional rules of the grammatical system by the speaker. The part of grammar that is accessible to manipulation by the speaker is called ‘fringe-grammar’ in generative theory. Thus the central claim will be: <i>in processes of grammaticalisation, change of the core grammar is often initialised by functional variation at the fringe.</i> The whole process may include several steps of alternate usage-based and acquisition-based changes. This model will be exemplified by its application to the analysis of the development of analytic tenses.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.03app
41
52
12
Article
5
01
Grammaticalization and Explanation
1
A01
Irene Appelbaum
Appelbaum, Irene
Irene
Appelbaum
01
A recurring theme in a special issue of <i>Language Sciences </i>(2001)<i> </i>devoted to theoretical debates about grammaticalization is that the causal mechanisms subserving examples of grammaticalization are explanatorily exhaustive and that the concept of grammaticalization itself is therefore empty. The position seems to be a straightforward inference from the assumption that explanation must appeal to causal mechanisms, together with the recognition that grammaticalization is not itself a causal mechanism. While this position is unobjectionable, perhaps even unassailable, in addressing questions of the form <i>How did grammaticalization-examplex occur in languagey? </i>there are other questions that seem to be better addressed by<i> </i>appealing to the concept of grammaticalization itself. In particular, questions of the form <i>What makes language-change-examplex specifically an example of grammaticalization? </i>are best answered by appealing to the fact that it satisfies the concept or definition of grammaticalization. Satisfying the definition of grammaticalization, in turn, requires identifying the language change example specifically as one involving a lexical to grammatical change (or a change from less grammatical to more grammatical), regardless of the causal mechanisms involved in that change. That is, it is only under the description of the phenomenon as a change from lexical form to grammatical form, that the mechanisms typically adduced to explain this change can be said to be explaining it <i>as </i>an instance of grammaticalization.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.04wal
53
66
14
Article
6
01
The perfectivization of the English perfect
The
perfectivization of the English perfect
is it a case of grammaticalization, after all? The challenge of pluricentrality
1
A01
Jim Walker
Walker, Jim
Jim
Walker
01
This paper assesses the degree to which the HAVE-perfect in English can truly be thought of as a paradigmatic case of grammaticalization, as has at times been proposed in the literature. By examining the existing scholarship on two proposed recent developments of the HAVE-perfect, its claimed emerging compatibility with definite past time adverbials and its use as a perfective tense to narrate sequences of past-time events, and by proposing new data, the paper demonstrates that it is by no means clear that either of these phenomena are truly emergent, and therefore urges caution in the rush to see grammaticalization afoot. The paper goes on to call for greater caution in theorizing how grammaticalization affects languages, such as English, which are pluricentral and wherein related phenomena may occasionally travel along two clines facing opposite directions.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.05hei
67
86
20
Article
7
01
Explaining language structure
On categorial misbehavior in Walman (Papua New Guinea)
1
A01
Bernd Heine
Heine, Bernd
Bernd
Heine
01
Typically, certain grammatical features are associated with one particular lexical category rather than some other category. Nouns can be modified by numerals or adjectives, can take determiners like demonstratives or possessive attributes, can be inflected for number, case, etc. Verbs, by contrast, take markers of tense, aspect, modality and can be negated, etc. But cross-linguistic observations show that one and the same linguistic expression can also be associated with more than one grammatical category. For example, in many languages there are forms that serve the expression of verbal tense or aspect in some of their uses but behave like lexical verbs in other uses; adpositions may be homophonous with nouns, or relative clause markers with demonstratives, etc. In many of these cases, grammaticalization theory has been used to account for such situations.The present paper argues that this framework is also able to explain connections between linguistic structures that appear to be entirely unrelated to one another. Such a case of “categorial misbehavior” is reported from the Walman language of Papua New Guinea, where two ‘and’-conjunctions that have the function of conjoining noun phrases have the morphological structure of transitive verbs. Drawing on typological evidence from a number of genetically and areally unrelated languages, the paper proposes a reconstruction of the situation in Walman based on regularities of grammatical change. The main goal of the paper is to argue that grammaticalization theory can provide explanations that appear to be beyond the potential of other linguistic frameworks. Such explanations are external rather than internal, and they are restricted to the question of why languages are structured the way they are, that is, they concern neither the question of how people use their language nor what knowledge they have about their language.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.06tra
87
106
20
Article
8
01
Toward a constructional framework for research on language change
1
A01
Elizabeth Closs Traugott
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs
Elizabeth Closs
Traugott
01
Over the past two decades usage-based models of language as a system of form-meaning pairs (‘signs’) have been developed (e.g. Goldberg 1995, 2006; Croft 2001). These models are known as Construction Grammars. Historical approaches using constructionalist frameworks (e.g. Bergs & Diewald 2008; Barðdal 2008) have concentrated on accounting for grammatical change. In this paper I present a framework that includes and extends prior work on both grammaticalization and lexicalization (see also Traugott & Trousdale 2013). Because a construction is a sign, the framework requires the researcher to focus on form and meaning equally. Because a construction may be specific or abstract and schematic, each micro-construction can be shown to have its own history within the constraints of larger schemas. Schemas and networks provide a principled way of thinking about analogy. The development of patterns and of changes in productivity are highlighted in constructionalist frameworks. Therefore the focus in this paper is on expansion (see Himmelmann 2004) rather than on the reduction often associated with many earlier models of grammaticalization and lexicalization (e.g. Lehmann 1995; Brinton & Traugott 2005). Expansion and reduction are shown to be intertwined. Therefore unidirectionality has a less prominent theoretical status than is often assigned to it in non-constructionalist models of language change.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.s2
Section header
9
01
Part 2. Case studies
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.07kok
109
128
20
Article
10
01
Grammaticalization of Polish mental predicate prefixes
1
A01
Iwona Kokorniak
Kokorniak, Iwona
Iwona
Kokorniak
2
A01
Malgorzata Fabiszak
Fabiszak, Malgorzata
Malgorzata
Fabiszak
01
This article presents insights into grammaticalization mechanisms in an attempt to elucidate the status of the aspectual prefixes in Polish as semantically ‘heavy’ or semantically ‘light’. The verb <i>myśleć </i>‘to think’ and its ten prefixes constitute the subject of investigation. The study employs corpus linguistics as a method and applies a number of tests, also proposing a new one, for identifying the degree of grammaticalization of the individual prefixes. The new test consists in analyzing collocation patterns of the transitive verb in its imperfective form and its perfective counterparts. It shows that the sets of collocates differ between the imperfective and perfective forms with a varying degree of overlap. A higher overlap ratio is interpreted to indicate a higher degree of grammaticalization.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.08shi
129
156
28
Article
11
01
More Thoughts on the Grammaticalization of Personal Pronouns
Evidence from the history of Japanese
1
A01
Reijirou Shibasaki
Shibasaki, Reijirou
Reijirou
Shibasaki
01
The grammatical category of personal pronouns is one of the most researched domains in Japanese as well as in other languages. In fact, works on the genesis and development of Japanese personal pronouns in comparison to those in other languages have been continuously reported long before the notion of grammaticalization was introduced and became an important concept in studies of language change. While preceding studies mostly lay emphasis on the different behaviors between Japanese personal pronouns and the counterparts in European languages, Heine and Song (2010, 2011) exemplify some features common among particular sets of languages i.e. referential shifting between different pronouns, especially from third to second person. As a supplemental survey to Heine and Song (2010, 2011), the present study aims to point out other pathways, especially from first to second person, through which personal pronouns are grammaticalized more in Japanese than in other languages.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.09rus
157
180
24
Article
12
01
The grammaticalization of <i>nomə</i> in the Eastern Abruzzese dialect Ortese
The
grammaticalization of <i>nomə</i> in the Eastern Abruzzese dialect Ortese
Fromindefinite pronoun to inflectional marker?
1
A01
Cinzia Russi
Russi, Cinzia
Cinzia
Russi
01
This paper draws attention to the distribution and referential functions <i>nomÉ™</i> in Ortonese, an Eastern Abruzzese dialect that, overall, remains relatively understudied. The analysis of original written and spoken data shows that in this dialect <i>nomÉ™</i> appears to have reached a more advanced stage of grammaticalization compared to other Eastern Abruzzese dialects (such as Ariellese), given that this element (which has been characterized as an indefinite pronoun), can carry definite referential value and can co-occur with an explicit subject. In Ortonese, then, <i>nomÉ™</i> appears to function as a third person plural verbal marker rather than as an (indefinite) pronominal element. With respect to the distribution and range of referential values of <i>nomÉ™</i>, Ortonese seems to differ considerably from the neighboring dialect Ariellese (D’Alessandro & Alexiadou 2006; D’Alessandro 2010) and, rather, it patterns with the Abruzzese dialects discussed in Manzini and Savoia (2005: 520ff.).
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.10rom
181
202
22
Article
13
01
The different developments of progressive aspect markers <i>be in the middle/midst of</i> and <i>be in the process of</i> V-<i>ing</i>
The
different developments of progressive aspect markers <i>be in the middle/midst of</i> and <i>be in the process of</i> V-<i>ing</i>
mechanisms of change
1
A01
Tine Van Rompae
Van Rompae, Tine
Tine
Van Rompae
2
A01
Kristin Davidse
Davidse, Kristin
Kristin
Davidse
01
In this case study, we reconstruct the grammaticalization paths of <i>middle, midst </i>and <i>process</i>, which led to a set of progressive aspect markers (PAMs) in Present-day English. The three PAMs developed from two different source structures, viz. complex prepositions <i>in the middle/midst of </i>+ NP and complex appositive noun phrase <i>the process of</i> + NP. The main theoretical aim of the diachronic reconstruction is to identify and characterize the main mechanisms of change that affected the different structures with these nouns on their grammaticalization trajectories: (i) <i>reanalysis</i> in the sense of functional reparsing of an existing structure; (ii) <i>analogization</i>: the attraction of new functional properties to an existing structure; (iii) <i>neo-analysis by analogy</i>: the creation of a functional structure that is new in the item’s trajectory of change. We also discuss how these mechanisms of change interact with enabling factors such as metaphor and metonymy, collocational fixation, expansion and reclustering, and discursive functions.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.11has
203
234
32
Article
14
01
Sequentiality in dialogue as a trigger for grammaticalization
1
A01
Alexander Haselow
Haselow, Alexander
Alexander
Haselow
01
Using the rise of three final particles in spoken English (<i>then</i>, <i>though, anyway</i>) as a case study it will be shown that dialogic interaction is an important domain of grammaticalization. The central idea is that grammaticalization may be induced by the regularization of interactive sequences which, over time, freeze into dialogic schemas and trigger a change of originally lexical or sentence-internal grammatical items involved in such schemas into elements establishing relations beyond the sentence level. The study shows that the proper domain of grammaticalization is not an individual element, but the dialogic context in which it is regularly used. Corpus-based, empirical data are used to document the grammaticalization of the three final particles in different text types within a framework that conceives of grammaticalization as structural and contextual expansion (rather than reduction) and as a functional (rather than formal) change.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.12han
235
256
22
Article
15
01
The final particle <i>but</i> in British English
The
final particle <i>but</i> in British English
an instance of cooptation and grammaticalization at work
1
A01
Sylvie Hancil
Hancil, Sylvie
Sylvie
Hancil
01
Even though final <i>but </i>is still a relatively recent phenomenon in British English, it is worth studying in more detail. The purpose of the article is to shed some light on final <i>but</i> in the spoken part of the <i>British National Corpus</i> (BNC) and in the <i>Newcastle Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English </i>(NECTE). The examination of the various semantic-pragmatic meanings shows that they can directly be put along a specific grammaticalization chain and that instead of being explainable in terms of pragmaticalization, they can be better explained in terms of cooptation and grammaticalization.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.13izu
257
286
30
Article
16
01
“Final hanging but” in American English
Where a formal coordinator meets a functional subordinator
1
A01
Mitsuko Narita Izutsu
Izutsu, Mitsuko Narita
Mitsuko Narita
Izutsu
2
A01
Katsunobu Izutsu
Izutsu, Katsunobu
Katsunobu
Izutsu
01
Mulder and Thompson (2006, 2008) point out that the final hanging <i>but</i> ([X <i>but</i>]) developed from initial <i>but</i> (X [<i>but</i> Y]) through a sequence of formal reanalyses, and insightfully observe the functional and formal parallelism between the development of the hanging type of final <i>but</i> and the final particalization of the Japanese subordinator -<i>kedo</i>. The present article demonstrates that <i>but</i> (and <i>and</i> as well) can perform a terminal bracketing function and serve as functional subordinators in spoken American English, and that they behave like final particles when the sentences are truncated. Although they are not so final-particalized as Australian final <i>but</i>, their interpersonal functions in final position are edging them closer to the status of final particles in spoken American English.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.14aut
287
288
2
Article
17
01
Author index
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.15sub
289
294
6
Article
18
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20140924
2014
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027259271
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
99.00
EUR
R
01
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
149.00
USD
S
465014991
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SLCS 162 Hb
15
9789027259271
13
2014022645
BB
01
SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
162
01
Grammaticalization – Theory and Data
01
slcs.162
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.162
1
B01
Sylvie Hancil
Hancil, Sylvie
Sylvie
Hancil
University of Rouen
2
B01
Ekkehard König
König, Ekkehard
Ekkehard
König
Free University Berlin
01
eng
301
viii
293
LAN009000
v.2006
CFF
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HL
Historical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.MORPH
Morphology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
Since the 1980s theories and studies of grammaticalization have provided a major source of inspiration for the description and explanation of language change, giving rise to many publications and conferences. This collection presents original, empirical studies that explore various facets of grammaticalization research of both formal and functional orientation. The papers of this selection deal with general issues and specific empirical domains, such as personal pronouns; indefinite pronouns; final particles; tense and aspect markers; comitative markers and coordinating conjunctions. The languages covered include English, German, dialects of Italian, Japanese, Polish, and Walman (Papuan). The book will be of great interest to linguists working on language change in a wide variety of languages.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.162.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259271.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027259271.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.162.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.162.png
25
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.162.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.162.hb.png
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.001ack
vii
viii
2
Article
1
01
Acknowledgements
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.01int
1
10
10
Article
2
01
Introduction
1
A01
Sylvie Hancil
Hancil, Sylvie
Sylvie
Hancil
2
A01
Ekkehard König
König, Ekkehard
Ekkehard
König
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.s1
Section header
3
01
Part 1. General issues
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.02oeh
13
40
28
Article
4
01
Acquisition Based and Usage Based Explanations of Grammaticalisation. An Integrative Approach
1
A01
Peter Öhl
Öhl, Peter
Peter
Öhl
01
This paper compares and discusses two mainstream explanations of grammaticalisation processes: Generative accounts regarding them as reflections of structural reanalysis through parametric change during language acquisition, resulting in recategorisation of lexical elements as functional heads in syntactic structure and functionalist approaches that focus on performance, arguing that speakers tend to either improve expressiveness or economise speech production by varying the application of the rules of grammar, which may result in conventionalisation and finally even change the rules of grammar or create new functional elements. Our aim is to integrate the advantages of both approaches. Basically, it is argued that performance-based conventionalisation plays a central role for grammaticalisation by providing the linguistic preconditions for recategorisation of lexical elements as functional ones, or semi-functional elements as fully functional ones. However, changes of the basic rule system of grammar, which includes the parametric representation of functional heads in syntactic structure, cannot be changed except through structural reanalysis during language acquisition. On the other hand, the input for language acquisition is speech, which is shaped by application and, to a certain degree, modification of the functional rules of the grammatical system by the speaker. The part of grammar that is accessible to manipulation by the speaker is called ‘fringe-grammar’ in generative theory. Thus the central claim will be: <i>in processes of grammaticalisation, change of the core grammar is often initialised by functional variation at the fringe.</i> The whole process may include several steps of alternate usage-based and acquisition-based changes. This model will be exemplified by its application to the analysis of the development of analytic tenses.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.03app
41
52
12
Article
5
01
Grammaticalization and Explanation
1
A01
Irene Appelbaum
Appelbaum, Irene
Irene
Appelbaum
01
A recurring theme in a special issue of <i>Language Sciences </i>(2001)<i> </i>devoted to theoretical debates about grammaticalization is that the causal mechanisms subserving examples of grammaticalization are explanatorily exhaustive and that the concept of grammaticalization itself is therefore empty. The position seems to be a straightforward inference from the assumption that explanation must appeal to causal mechanisms, together with the recognition that grammaticalization is not itself a causal mechanism. While this position is unobjectionable, perhaps even unassailable, in addressing questions of the form <i>How did grammaticalization-examplex occur in languagey? </i>there are other questions that seem to be better addressed by<i> </i>appealing to the concept of grammaticalization itself. In particular, questions of the form <i>What makes language-change-examplex specifically an example of grammaticalization? </i>are best answered by appealing to the fact that it satisfies the concept or definition of grammaticalization. Satisfying the definition of grammaticalization, in turn, requires identifying the language change example specifically as one involving a lexical to grammatical change (or a change from less grammatical to more grammatical), regardless of the causal mechanisms involved in that change. That is, it is only under the description of the phenomenon as a change from lexical form to grammatical form, that the mechanisms typically adduced to explain this change can be said to be explaining it <i>as </i>an instance of grammaticalization.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.04wal
53
66
14
Article
6
01
The perfectivization of the English perfect
The
perfectivization of the English perfect
is it a case of grammaticalization, after all? The challenge of pluricentrality
1
A01
Jim Walker
Walker, Jim
Jim
Walker
01
This paper assesses the degree to which the HAVE-perfect in English can truly be thought of as a paradigmatic case of grammaticalization, as has at times been proposed in the literature. By examining the existing scholarship on two proposed recent developments of the HAVE-perfect, its claimed emerging compatibility with definite past time adverbials and its use as a perfective tense to narrate sequences of past-time events, and by proposing new data, the paper demonstrates that it is by no means clear that either of these phenomena are truly emergent, and therefore urges caution in the rush to see grammaticalization afoot. The paper goes on to call for greater caution in theorizing how grammaticalization affects languages, such as English, which are pluricentral and wherein related phenomena may occasionally travel along two clines facing opposite directions.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.05hei
67
86
20
Article
7
01
Explaining language structure
On categorial misbehavior in Walman (Papua New Guinea)
1
A01
Bernd Heine
Heine, Bernd
Bernd
Heine
01
Typically, certain grammatical features are associated with one particular lexical category rather than some other category. Nouns can be modified by numerals or adjectives, can take determiners like demonstratives or possessive attributes, can be inflected for number, case, etc. Verbs, by contrast, take markers of tense, aspect, modality and can be negated, etc. But cross-linguistic observations show that one and the same linguistic expression can also be associated with more than one grammatical category. For example, in many languages there are forms that serve the expression of verbal tense or aspect in some of their uses but behave like lexical verbs in other uses; adpositions may be homophonous with nouns, or relative clause markers with demonstratives, etc. In many of these cases, grammaticalization theory has been used to account for such situations.The present paper argues that this framework is also able to explain connections between linguistic structures that appear to be entirely unrelated to one another. Such a case of “categorial misbehavior” is reported from the Walman language of Papua New Guinea, where two ‘and’-conjunctions that have the function of conjoining noun phrases have the morphological structure of transitive verbs. Drawing on typological evidence from a number of genetically and areally unrelated languages, the paper proposes a reconstruction of the situation in Walman based on regularities of grammatical change. The main goal of the paper is to argue that grammaticalization theory can provide explanations that appear to be beyond the potential of other linguistic frameworks. Such explanations are external rather than internal, and they are restricted to the question of why languages are structured the way they are, that is, they concern neither the question of how people use their language nor what knowledge they have about their language.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.06tra
87
106
20
Article
8
01
Toward a constructional framework for research on language change
1
A01
Elizabeth Closs Traugott
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs
Elizabeth Closs
Traugott
01
Over the past two decades usage-based models of language as a system of form-meaning pairs (‘signs’) have been developed (e.g. Goldberg 1995, 2006; Croft 2001). These models are known as Construction Grammars. Historical approaches using constructionalist frameworks (e.g. Bergs & Diewald 2008; Barðdal 2008) have concentrated on accounting for grammatical change. In this paper I present a framework that includes and extends prior work on both grammaticalization and lexicalization (see also Traugott & Trousdale 2013). Because a construction is a sign, the framework requires the researcher to focus on form and meaning equally. Because a construction may be specific or abstract and schematic, each micro-construction can be shown to have its own history within the constraints of larger schemas. Schemas and networks provide a principled way of thinking about analogy. The development of patterns and of changes in productivity are highlighted in constructionalist frameworks. Therefore the focus in this paper is on expansion (see Himmelmann 2004) rather than on the reduction often associated with many earlier models of grammaticalization and lexicalization (e.g. Lehmann 1995; Brinton & Traugott 2005). Expansion and reduction are shown to be intertwined. Therefore unidirectionality has a less prominent theoretical status than is often assigned to it in non-constructionalist models of language change.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.s2
Section header
9
01
Part 2. Case studies
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.07kok
109
128
20
Article
10
01
Grammaticalization of Polish mental predicate prefixes
1
A01
Iwona Kokorniak
Kokorniak, Iwona
Iwona
Kokorniak
2
A01
Malgorzata Fabiszak
Fabiszak, Malgorzata
Malgorzata
Fabiszak
01
This article presents insights into grammaticalization mechanisms in an attempt to elucidate the status of the aspectual prefixes in Polish as semantically ‘heavy’ or semantically ‘light’. The verb <i>myśleć </i>‘to think’ and its ten prefixes constitute the subject of investigation. The study employs corpus linguistics as a method and applies a number of tests, also proposing a new one, for identifying the degree of grammaticalization of the individual prefixes. The new test consists in analyzing collocation patterns of the transitive verb in its imperfective form and its perfective counterparts. It shows that the sets of collocates differ between the imperfective and perfective forms with a varying degree of overlap. A higher overlap ratio is interpreted to indicate a higher degree of grammaticalization.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.08shi
129
156
28
Article
11
01
More Thoughts on the Grammaticalization of Personal Pronouns
Evidence from the history of Japanese
1
A01
Reijirou Shibasaki
Shibasaki, Reijirou
Reijirou
Shibasaki
01
The grammatical category of personal pronouns is one of the most researched domains in Japanese as well as in other languages. In fact, works on the genesis and development of Japanese personal pronouns in comparison to those in other languages have been continuously reported long before the notion of grammaticalization was introduced and became an important concept in studies of language change. While preceding studies mostly lay emphasis on the different behaviors between Japanese personal pronouns and the counterparts in European languages, Heine and Song (2010, 2011) exemplify some features common among particular sets of languages i.e. referential shifting between different pronouns, especially from third to second person. As a supplemental survey to Heine and Song (2010, 2011), the present study aims to point out other pathways, especially from first to second person, through which personal pronouns are grammaticalized more in Japanese than in other languages.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.09rus
157
180
24
Article
12
01
The grammaticalization of <i>nomə</i> in the Eastern Abruzzese dialect Ortese
The
grammaticalization of <i>nomə</i> in the Eastern Abruzzese dialect Ortese
Fromindefinite pronoun to inflectional marker?
1
A01
Cinzia Russi
Russi, Cinzia
Cinzia
Russi
01
This paper draws attention to the distribution and referential functions <i>nomÉ™</i> in Ortonese, an Eastern Abruzzese dialect that, overall, remains relatively understudied. The analysis of original written and spoken data shows that in this dialect <i>nomÉ™</i> appears to have reached a more advanced stage of grammaticalization compared to other Eastern Abruzzese dialects (such as Ariellese), given that this element (which has been characterized as an indefinite pronoun), can carry definite referential value and can co-occur with an explicit subject. In Ortonese, then, <i>nomÉ™</i> appears to function as a third person plural verbal marker rather than as an (indefinite) pronominal element. With respect to the distribution and range of referential values of <i>nomÉ™</i>, Ortonese seems to differ considerably from the neighboring dialect Ariellese (D’Alessandro & Alexiadou 2006; D’Alessandro 2010) and, rather, it patterns with the Abruzzese dialects discussed in Manzini and Savoia (2005: 520ff.).
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.10rom
181
202
22
Article
13
01
The different developments of progressive aspect markers <i>be in the middle/midst of</i> and <i>be in the process of</i> V-<i>ing</i>
The
different developments of progressive aspect markers <i>be in the middle/midst of</i> and <i>be in the process of</i> V-<i>ing</i>
mechanisms of change
1
A01
Tine Van Rompae
Van Rompae, Tine
Tine
Van Rompae
2
A01
Kristin Davidse
Davidse, Kristin
Kristin
Davidse
01
In this case study, we reconstruct the grammaticalization paths of <i>middle, midst </i>and <i>process</i>, which led to a set of progressive aspect markers (PAMs) in Present-day English. The three PAMs developed from two different source structures, viz. complex prepositions <i>in the middle/midst of </i>+ NP and complex appositive noun phrase <i>the process of</i> + NP. The main theoretical aim of the diachronic reconstruction is to identify and characterize the main mechanisms of change that affected the different structures with these nouns on their grammaticalization trajectories: (i) <i>reanalysis</i> in the sense of functional reparsing of an existing structure; (ii) <i>analogization</i>: the attraction of new functional properties to an existing structure; (iii) <i>neo-analysis by analogy</i>: the creation of a functional structure that is new in the item’s trajectory of change. We also discuss how these mechanisms of change interact with enabling factors such as metaphor and metonymy, collocational fixation, expansion and reclustering, and discursive functions.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.11has
203
234
32
Article
14
01
Sequentiality in dialogue as a trigger for grammaticalization
1
A01
Alexander Haselow
Haselow, Alexander
Alexander
Haselow
01
Using the rise of three final particles in spoken English (<i>then</i>, <i>though, anyway</i>) as a case study it will be shown that dialogic interaction is an important domain of grammaticalization. The central idea is that grammaticalization may be induced by the regularization of interactive sequences which, over time, freeze into dialogic schemas and trigger a change of originally lexical or sentence-internal grammatical items involved in such schemas into elements establishing relations beyond the sentence level. The study shows that the proper domain of grammaticalization is not an individual element, but the dialogic context in which it is regularly used. Corpus-based, empirical data are used to document the grammaticalization of the three final particles in different text types within a framework that conceives of grammaticalization as structural and contextual expansion (rather than reduction) and as a functional (rather than formal) change.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.12han
235
256
22
Article
15
01
The final particle <i>but</i> in British English
The
final particle <i>but</i> in British English
an instance of cooptation and grammaticalization at work
1
A01
Sylvie Hancil
Hancil, Sylvie
Sylvie
Hancil
01
Even though final <i>but </i>is still a relatively recent phenomenon in British English, it is worth studying in more detail. The purpose of the article is to shed some light on final <i>but</i> in the spoken part of the <i>British National Corpus</i> (BNC) and in the <i>Newcastle Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English </i>(NECTE). The examination of the various semantic-pragmatic meanings shows that they can directly be put along a specific grammaticalization chain and that instead of being explainable in terms of pragmaticalization, they can be better explained in terms of cooptation and grammaticalization.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.13izu
257
286
30
Article
16
01
“Final hanging but” in American English
Where a formal coordinator meets a functional subordinator
1
A01
Mitsuko Narita Izutsu
Izutsu, Mitsuko Narita
Mitsuko Narita
Izutsu
2
A01
Katsunobu Izutsu
Izutsu, Katsunobu
Katsunobu
Izutsu
01
Mulder and Thompson (2006, 2008) point out that the final hanging <i>but</i> ([X <i>but</i>]) developed from initial <i>but</i> (X [<i>but</i> Y]) through a sequence of formal reanalyses, and insightfully observe the functional and formal parallelism between the development of the hanging type of final <i>but</i> and the final particalization of the Japanese subordinator -<i>kedo</i>. The present article demonstrates that <i>but</i> (and <i>and</i> as well) can perform a terminal bracketing function and serve as functional subordinators in spoken American English, and that they behave like final particles when the sentences are truncated. Although they are not so final-particalized as Australian final <i>but</i>, their interpersonal functions in final position are edging them closer to the status of final particles in spoken American English.
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.14aut
287
288
2
Article
17
01
Author index
10
01
JB code
slcs.162.15sub
289
294
6
Article
18
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20140924
2014
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
08
690
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
01
WORLD
US CA MX
21
3
16
01
02
JB
1
00
99.00
EUR
R
02
02
JB
1
00
104.94
EUR
R
01
JB
10
bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
03
GB
21
16
02
02
JB
1
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
JB
2
John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
01
US CA MX
21
1
16
01
gen
02
JB
1
00
149.00
USD