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John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
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Studies in Language Companion Series
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Embodiment in Latin Semantics
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slcs.174
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William Michael Short
Short, William Michael
William Michael
Short
The University of Texas at San Antonio
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Cognitive linguistics
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LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
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Theoretical linguistics
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01
<i>Embodiment in Latin Semantics</i> introduces theories of embodied meaning developed in the cognitive sciences to the study of Latin semantics. Bringing together contributions from an international group of scholars, the volume demonstrates the pervasive role that embodied cognitive structures and processes play in conventional Latin expression across levels of lexical, syntactic, and textual meaning construction. It shows not only the extent to which universal aspects of human embodiment are reflected in Latin’s semantics, but also the ways in which Latin speakers capitalize on embodied understanding to express imaginative and culture-specific forms of meaning. In this way, the volume makes good on the potential of the embodiment hypothesis to enrich our understanding of meaning making in the Latin language, from the level of word sense to that of literary thematics. It should interest anyone concerned with how people, including in historical societies, create meaning through language.
05
English, in some ways an unusual language, is the most over-studied language in the history of the world. But English itself was highly influenced by Romance languages, and Romance languages account for a vast swath of the world’s most influential literature. Research into the cognitively modern human mind and its communicative possibilities cannot do better than focusing on Latin. This volume is the first major book-length effort in that direction. This volume is equally indispensable for students of Latin, Romance philologists and cognitive linguistics.
Mark Turner, Case Western University
05
Although closely linked to recent developments in embodied semantics, the essays in Embodiment in Latin Semantics are exploratory rather than doctrinaire. They should be of great interest to students of Latin language and of literature, religion, kinship, and culture more generally in the Latin-speaking world. The editor has done an impressive job of assembling an intellectually diverse group of scholars with a shared outlook on the relationship between language and embodiment.
Thomas Habinek, University of Southern California
05
This collection of essays breaks new ground in the application of cutting-edge cognitive science to the semantic structures of classical Latin. The volume’s international cast of contributors are pioneers in a field that promises to revolutionise not just Latin linguistics but the study of Latin literature in general. Their emphasis on embodiment in the ways that Latin and the authors who use it construct meaning goes beyond existing studies of (e.g.) cognitive metaphor in Latin and Greek to deploy a wider and more systematic range of cognitive linguistic concepts, providing a theoretically sophisticated perspective on the way that individual authors deploy the conceptual patterns that are embedded in the Latin language and in Roman life and thought.
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William Michael Short
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William Michael
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The University of Texas at San Antonio
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A matter of perspective
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Aspect, deixis, and textual exploitation in the prototype semantics of <i>eo</i> and <i>venio</i>
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Andrea Nuti
Nuti, Andrea
Andrea
Nuti
University of Pisa
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aspect
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cognitive phenomena
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deixis
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Latin motion verbs
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prototype semantics
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textual exploitation
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<i>Eo</i> and <i>venio</i>, Latin’s primary motion verbs, are traditionally interpreted referring to an aspectual differentiation (telic <i>venio</i> vs. non-telic <i>eo</i>). The analysis of preclassical texts, however, show traces of an embryonic change towards a deictic-oriented use. <i>Venio</i>, in particular, displays prototypical instances centered around telicity vs. less typical occurrences governed by a deictic principle. Cognitive and pragmatic phenomena such as the interaction between spatial and temporal deixis or an ego-perspective appear to be relevant within this process, where aspectual or deictic orientations turn out to be functional in terms of textual exploitation. The comprehension of these features can account for the emergence, in Classical Latin, of a new <i>eo</i> – <i>venio</i> polarization where deixis progressively plays a pivot role.
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Vertical scales in temporal <i>sub</i> constructions in Latin
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Erik Knighton
Knighton, Erik
Erik
Knighton
Case Western University
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conceptual blending
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construction grammar
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frame semantics
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image schemas
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landmark/trajectory
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polarity
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primary metaphor
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scalar implicature
01
Latin authors of the classical period used <i>sub </i>rarely and purposefully in a temporal construction like a polarity item with the dichotomous nouns <i>nox </i>and <i>lux</i> to convey the relative quantity of atmospheric light at dusk and dawn, implying a scale at its minimum value within an absolute frame of reference. This construction comes out of the spatial semantics of <i>sub</i> as “under” through a manipulation of metaphor, directional mappings from vertical to horizontal axes, and up/down and center/periphery image schemas. Beginning with the embodied experience of the sky as “above”, projections onto topological features such as mountains allows for negative and inceptive uses of <i>sub </i>for pragmatic scalar construal and implicature.
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The embodied sources of purpose expressions in Latin
The
embodied sources of purpose expressions in Latin
1
A01
Luisa Brucale
Brucale, Luisa
Luisa
Brucale
University of Palermo
2
A01
Egle Mocciaro
Mocciaro, Egle
Egle
Mocciaro
University of Palermo
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causation
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direction
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location
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metaphor
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metonymy
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phrasal constructions
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prepositional phrases
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purpose
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reason
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space
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This chapter examines the phrasal means of encoding the semantic role of purpose in Latin. After discussing the notion of semantic role and its use in cognitive linguistics, we illustrate the conceptual relation between the notional domains of space and causation. On this basis, we analyze the source of purpose expressions in Latin, which are mainly based on direction (bare dative and the allative markers, i.e. <i>ad</i>/<i>in</i> + accusative), but also include prepositional phrases metaphorically derived from location (e.g. <i>per</i> + accusative, <i>prō</i> + ablative, <i>propter</i> + accusative), or metonymically spreading from reason to purpose (as in the case of causal markers such as genitive + <i>causā</i> and <i>gratiā</i>).
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Ontological and orientational metaphors in Latin
Evidence from the semantics of feelings and emotions
1
A01
Chiara Fedriani
Fedriani, Chiara
Chiara
Fedriani
University of Bergamo
20
emotions
20
feelings
20
image schemas
20
metaphor
20
ontological metaphors
20
orientational metaphors
20
space
01
Ontological and orientational metaphors arise from general cognitive processes and rely on our embodied experience of the physico-spatial world, providing us with image schemas that we commonly exploit in order to interpret and express abstract notions in terms of spatial configurations. This is particularly true in the case of emotions and feelings, which are much less clearly defined than our bodily functions. Indeed, recurrent embodied patterns building bridges between spatial orientations and feelings occur in a great variety of languages. It has long been noted, for instance, that the vertical axis <i>up </i>vs. <i>down </i>offers the basis for portraying many experiential metaphors in terms of ‘happy/positive is up’, ‘sad/negative is down’. This paper shows that both ontological and orientational metaphorization is largely attested in this domain of experience in Latin, and provides corpus-based evidence for frequency and productivity effects and cross-linguistic comparisons that testify how the human body is a universal cognitive key to interpret and categorize emotions in modern as well as in ancient languages.
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The metaphorical structuring of kinship in Latin
The
metaphorical structuring of kinship in Latin
1
A01
Alessandro Buccheri
Buccheri, Alessandro
Alessandro
Buccheri
EHESS, Paris – University of Siena
20
anthropology of ancient Rome
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conceptual metaphor theory
20
cultural metaphors
20
kinship in ancient Rome
20
kinship terms
20
Latin
20
tree diagrams
01
In this paper, I analyze how concepts related to the domains of space and plants were used by Latin speakers to deliver their culturally specific understanding of (some aspects of) human kinship, in the light of the theory of conceptual metaphor. I go on to claim that analysis of the metaphorical layer of Latin lexicon of kinship can contribute to its “emic” description in ancient Rome, that is, framing it (as much as possible) in concepts near to the Romans’ own experience. First, I describe the contribution that the domains of space and plants makes to the metaphorical structuring of Roman ideas about kinship. Then, I move on to their interplay and to their interaction with Roman images of time, which appear to be ultimately responsible for some of the seemingly odd features of these metaphors. I conclude by trying to spell out some differences between modern and ancient elaborations of the tree as a cultural image.
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Abstract and embodied colors in Pliny the Elder’s <i>Natural History</i>
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David Wharton
Wharton, David
David
Wharton
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
20
abstract color concepts
20
color space
20
Latin color terms
20
structured metaphor
01
Some prominent, recent research on Latin color language asserts that the ancient Romans mostly lacked abstract color concepts, instead conceiving of “color” as intimately connected with the material substances that Latin color terms typically referred to. This chapter, through a detailed study of Pliny the Elder’s color language, shows not only that the Romans were fully capable of forming and expressing abstract color concepts, but also that they expressed relationships among these concepts using structured metaphors of location and motion in an abstract color space. The evidence from Pliny also suggests that these expressions derived from the everyday language of artisans, merchants, and farmers, and thus appear more frequently in technical, rather than literary, Latin.
10
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slcs.174.08rob
209
236
28
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8
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Embodiment in Latin technical texts
1
A01
Courtney Ann Roby
Roby, Courtney Ann
Courtney Ann
Roby
Cornell University
20
directives
20
distributed cognition
20
enargeia
20
fictive motion
20
orientation
20
tacit knowledge
01
In this chapter I analyze Latin textual representations of the engagements between body and world entailed in the technical tasks of laying out spaces in the landscape and orienting oneself within them, emphasizing how rhetorical techniques of <i>enargeia</i> or “vividness” give the reader a sense of being physically present in those spaces. Drawing principally on the works of the Roman surveyors and Frontinus’s <i>De aquae ductu urbis Romae</i>, I focus on the road and water networks, and on the surveyed landscapes of Roman settlements. I give particular attention to linguistic techniques that vividly render the manual activities used to reify these spaces, from the surveyor’s manipulation of his instruments to the creation and decoding of the landscape of boundary markers.
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Embodied historiography
Models for reasoning in Tacitus’ <i>Annales</i>
1
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Jennifer J. Devereaux
Devereaux, Jennifer J.
Jennifer J.
Devereaux
University of Southern California
20
Annales
20
enargeia
20
historiography
20
Latin
20
mental simulation
20
metaphor
20
narrative
20
Tacitus
01
This paper argues that although scholars recognize the use of rhetorical devices in historiography, they overlook a deeper connection that has the potential to enrich our understanding of the historians’ art and their potential impact on their audiences. Evaluating Latin narrative structured by embodied and extended metaphor, the author considers the rhetorical device of enargeia and evaluates its definition and use in terms of mental simulation. Exploring the possible role of embodied linguistic processing in the writing and reception of narrated experience, the author finds that historiography displays a narrative strategy centered on eliciting sensorimotor activity, and suggests that the narrative of Tacitus’ <i>Annales</i> “works” persuasively and affectively by exploiting this narrative strategy to create specific models for reasoning about historical events.
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JB code
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Index
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JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20160511
2016
John Benjamins B.V.
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WORLD
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9789027259394
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John Benjamins e-Platform
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80.00
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143.00
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923011357
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
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9789027259394
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2016004380
BB
01
SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
174
01
Embodiment in Latin Semantics
01
slcs.174
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.174
1
B01
William Michael Short
Short, William Michael
William Michael
Short
The University of Texas at San Antonio
01
eng
276
v
271
LAN009000
v.2006
CF
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.CLASS
Classical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.COGN
Cognition and language
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.COGPSY
Cognitive linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
<i>Embodiment in Latin Semantics</i> introduces theories of embodied meaning developed in the cognitive sciences to the study of Latin semantics. Bringing together contributions from an international group of scholars, the volume demonstrates the pervasive role that embodied cognitive structures and processes play in conventional Latin expression across levels of lexical, syntactic, and textual meaning construction. It shows not only the extent to which universal aspects of human embodiment are reflected in Latin’s semantics, but also the ways in which Latin speakers capitalize on embodied understanding to express imaginative and culture-specific forms of meaning. In this way, the volume makes good on the potential of the embodiment hypothesis to enrich our understanding of meaning making in the Latin language, from the level of word sense to that of literary thematics. It should interest anyone concerned with how people, including in historical societies, create meaning through language.
05
English, in some ways an unusual language, is the most over-studied language in the history of the world. But English itself was highly influenced by Romance languages, and Romance languages account for a vast swath of the world’s most influential literature. Research into the cognitively modern human mind and its communicative possibilities cannot do better than focusing on Latin. This volume is the first major book-length effort in that direction. This volume is equally indispensable for students of Latin, Romance philologists and cognitive linguistics.
Mark Turner, Case Western University
05
Although closely linked to recent developments in embodied semantics, the essays in Embodiment in Latin Semantics are exploratory rather than doctrinaire. They should be of great interest to students of Latin language and of literature, religion, kinship, and culture more generally in the Latin-speaking world. The editor has done an impressive job of assembling an intellectually diverse group of scholars with a shared outlook on the relationship between language and embodiment.
Thomas Habinek, University of Southern California
05
This collection of essays breaks new ground in the application of cutting-edge cognitive science to the semantic structures of classical Latin. The volume’s international cast of contributors are pioneers in a field that promises to revolutionise not just Latin linguistics but the study of Latin literature in general. Their emphasis on embodiment in the ways that Latin and the authors who use it construct meaning goes beyond existing studies of (e.g.) cognitive metaphor in Latin and Greek to deploy a wider and more systematic range of cognitive linguistic concepts, providing a theoretically sophisticated perspective on the way that individual authors deploy the conceptual patterns that are embedded in the Latin language and in Roman life and thought.
Douglas Cairns, University of Edinburgh
04
09
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Introduction
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William Michael Short
Short, William Michael
William Michael
Short
The University of Texas at San Antonio
10
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JB code
slcs.174.02nut
15
56
42
Article
2
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A matter of perspective
A
matter of perspective
Aspect, deixis, and textual exploitation in the prototype semantics of <i>eo</i> and <i>venio</i>
1
A01
Andrea Nuti
Nuti, Andrea
Andrea
Nuti
University of Pisa
20
aspect
20
cognitive phenomena
20
deixis
20
Latin motion verbs
20
prototype semantics
20
textual exploitation
01
<i>Eo</i> and <i>venio</i>, Latin’s primary motion verbs, are traditionally interpreted referring to an aspectual differentiation (telic <i>venio</i> vs. non-telic <i>eo</i>). The analysis of preclassical texts, however, show traces of an embryonic change towards a deictic-oriented use. <i>Venio</i>, in particular, displays prototypical instances centered around telicity vs. less typical occurrences governed by a deictic principle. Cognitive and pragmatic phenomena such as the interaction between spatial and temporal deixis or an ego-perspective appear to be relevant within this process, where aspectual or deictic orientations turn out to be functional in terms of textual exploitation. The comprehension of these features can account for the emergence, in Classical Latin, of a new <i>eo</i> – <i>venio</i> polarization where deixis progressively plays a pivot role.
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.03kni
57
84
28
Article
3
01
Vertical scales in temporal <i>sub</i> constructions in Latin
1
A01
Erik Knighton
Knighton, Erik
Erik
Knighton
Case Western University
20
conceptual blending
20
construction grammar
20
frame semantics
20
image schemas
20
landmark/trajectory
20
polarity
20
primary metaphor
20
scalar implicature
01
Latin authors of the classical period used <i>sub </i>rarely and purposefully in a temporal construction like a polarity item with the dichotomous nouns <i>nox </i>and <i>lux</i> to convey the relative quantity of atmospheric light at dusk and dawn, implying a scale at its minimum value within an absolute frame of reference. This construction comes out of the spatial semantics of <i>sub</i> as “under” through a manipulation of metaphor, directional mappings from vertical to horizontal axes, and up/down and center/periphery image schemas. Beginning with the embodied experience of the sky as “above”, projections onto topological features such as mountains allows for negative and inceptive uses of <i>sub </i>for pragmatic scalar construal and implicature.
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.04bru
85
114
30
Article
4
01
The embodied sources of purpose expressions in Latin
The
embodied sources of purpose expressions in Latin
1
A01
Luisa Brucale
Brucale, Luisa
Luisa
Brucale
University of Palermo
2
A01
Egle Mocciaro
Mocciaro, Egle
Egle
Mocciaro
University of Palermo
20
causation
20
direction
20
location
20
metaphor
20
metonymy
20
phrasal constructions
20
prepositional phrases
20
purpose
20
reason
20
space
01
This chapter examines the phrasal means of encoding the semantic role of purpose in Latin. After discussing the notion of semantic role and its use in cognitive linguistics, we illustrate the conceptual relation between the notional domains of space and causation. On this basis, we analyze the source of purpose expressions in Latin, which are mainly based on direction (bare dative and the allative markers, i.e. <i>ad</i>/<i>in</i> + accusative), but also include prepositional phrases metaphorically derived from location (e.g. <i>per</i> + accusative, <i>prō</i> + ablative, <i>propter</i> + accusative), or metonymically spreading from reason to purpose (as in the case of causal markers such as genitive + <i>causā</i> and <i>gratiā</i>).
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.05fed
115
140
26
Article
5
01
Ontological and orientational metaphors in Latin
Evidence from the semantics of feelings and emotions
1
A01
Chiara Fedriani
Fedriani, Chiara
Chiara
Fedriani
University of Bergamo
20
emotions
20
feelings
20
image schemas
20
metaphor
20
ontological metaphors
20
orientational metaphors
20
space
01
Ontological and orientational metaphors arise from general cognitive processes and rely on our embodied experience of the physico-spatial world, providing us with image schemas that we commonly exploit in order to interpret and express abstract notions in terms of spatial configurations. This is particularly true in the case of emotions and feelings, which are much less clearly defined than our bodily functions. Indeed, recurrent embodied patterns building bridges between spatial orientations and feelings occur in a great variety of languages. It has long been noted, for instance, that the vertical axis <i>up </i>vs. <i>down </i>offers the basis for portraying many experiential metaphors in terms of ‘happy/positive is up’, ‘sad/negative is down’. This paper shows that both ontological and orientational metaphorization is largely attested in this domain of experience in Latin, and provides corpus-based evidence for frequency and productivity effects and cross-linguistic comparisons that testify how the human body is a universal cognitive key to interpret and categorize emotions in modern as well as in ancient languages.
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.06buc
141
176
36
Article
6
01
The metaphorical structuring of kinship in Latin
The
metaphorical structuring of kinship in Latin
1
A01
Alessandro Buccheri
Buccheri, Alessandro
Alessandro
Buccheri
EHESS, Paris – University of Siena
20
anthropology of ancient Rome
20
conceptual metaphor theory
20
cultural metaphors
20
kinship in ancient Rome
20
kinship terms
20
Latin
20
tree diagrams
01
In this paper, I analyze how concepts related to the domains of space and plants were used by Latin speakers to deliver their culturally specific understanding of (some aspects of) human kinship, in the light of the theory of conceptual metaphor. I go on to claim that analysis of the metaphorical layer of Latin lexicon of kinship can contribute to its “emic” description in ancient Rome, that is, framing it (as much as possible) in concepts near to the Romans’ own experience. First, I describe the contribution that the domains of space and plants makes to the metaphorical structuring of Roman ideas about kinship. Then, I move on to their interplay and to their interaction with Roman images of time, which appear to be ultimately responsible for some of the seemingly odd features of these metaphors. I conclude by trying to spell out some differences between modern and ancient elaborations of the tree as a cultural image.
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.07wha
177
208
32
Article
7
01
Abstract and embodied colors in Pliny the Elder’s <i>Natural History</i>
1
A01
David Wharton
Wharton, David
David
Wharton
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
20
abstract color concepts
20
color space
20
Latin color terms
20
structured metaphor
01
Some prominent, recent research on Latin color language asserts that the ancient Romans mostly lacked abstract color concepts, instead conceiving of “color” as intimately connected with the material substances that Latin color terms typically referred to. This chapter, through a detailed study of Pliny the Elder’s color language, shows not only that the Romans were fully capable of forming and expressing abstract color concepts, but also that they expressed relationships among these concepts using structured metaphors of location and motion in an abstract color space. The evidence from Pliny also suggests that these expressions derived from the everyday language of artisans, merchants, and farmers, and thus appear more frequently in technical, rather than literary, Latin.
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.08rob
209
236
28
Article
8
01
Embodiment in Latin technical texts
1
A01
Courtney Ann Roby
Roby, Courtney Ann
Courtney Ann
Roby
Cornell University
20
directives
20
distributed cognition
20
enargeia
20
fictive motion
20
orientation
20
tacit knowledge
01
In this chapter I analyze Latin textual representations of the engagements between body and world entailed in the technical tasks of laying out spaces in the landscape and orienting oneself within them, emphasizing how rhetorical techniques of <i>enargeia</i> or “vividness” give the reader a sense of being physically present in those spaces. Drawing principally on the works of the Roman surveyors and Frontinus’s <i>De aquae ductu urbis Romae</i>, I focus on the road and water networks, and on the surveyed landscapes of Roman settlements. I give particular attention to linguistic techniques that vividly render the manual activities used to reify these spaces, from the surveyor’s manipulation of his instruments to the creation and decoding of the landscape of boundary markers.
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.09dev
237
268
32
Article
9
01
Embodied historiography
Models for reasoning in Tacitus’ <i>Annales</i>
1
A01
Jennifer J. Devereaux
Devereaux, Jennifer J.
Jennifer J.
Devereaux
University of Southern California
20
Annales
20
enargeia
20
historiography
20
Latin
20
mental simulation
20
metaphor
20
narrative
20
Tacitus
01
This paper argues that although scholars recognize the use of rhetorical devices in historiography, they overlook a deeper connection that has the potential to enrich our understanding of the historians’ art and their potential impact on their audiences. Evaluating Latin narrative structured by embodied and extended metaphor, the author considers the rhetorical device of enargeia and evaluates its definition and use in terms of mental simulation. Exploring the possible role of embodied linguistic processing in the writing and reception of narrated experience, the author finds that historiography displays a narrative strategy centered on eliciting sensorimotor activity, and suggests that the narrative of Tacitus’ <i>Annales</i> “works” persuasively and affectively by exploiting this narrative strategy to create specific models for reasoning about historical events.
10
01
JB code
slcs.174.10ind
269
272
4
Article
10
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20160511
2016
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
08
625
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
01
WORLD
US CA MX
21
32
24
01
02
JB
1
00
95.00
EUR
R
02
02
JB
1
00
100.70
EUR
R
01
JB
10
bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
03
GB
21
24
02
02
JB
1
00
80.00
GBP
Z
01
JB
2
John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
01
US CA MX
21
24
01
gen
02
JB
1
00
143.00
USD