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491017389 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 182 Eb 15 9789027265951 06 10.1075/slcs.182 13 2017030054 DG 002 02 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 182 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical Polycategoriality</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Cross-linguistic, cross-theoretical and language acquisition approaches</Subtitle> 01 slcs.182 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.182 1 B01 Valentina Vapnarsky Vapnarsky, Valentina Valentina Vapnarsky CNRS & Université Paris Nanterre 2 B01 Edy Veneziano Veneziano, Edy Edy Veneziano Université Paris Descartes & CNRS 01 eng 493 xiii 479 LAN009060 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.MORPH Morphology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book presents a collection of chapters on the nature, flexibility and acquisition of lexical categories. These long-debated issues are looked at anew by exploring the hypothesis of lexical polycategoriality –according to which lexical forms are not fully, or univocally, specified for lexical category– in a wide number of unrelated languages, and within different theoretical and methodological perspectives. Twenty languages are thoroughly analyzed. Apart from French, Arabic and Hebrew, the volume includes mostly understudied languages, spoken in New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Amazonia, Meso- and North America. Resulting from a long-standing collaboration between leading international experts, this book brings under one cover new data analyses and results on word categories from the linguistic and acquisitional point of view. It will be of the utmost interest to researchers, teachers and graduate students in different fields of linguistics (morpho-syntax, semantics, typology), language acquisition, as well as psycholinguistics, cognition and anthropology. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.182.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259479.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027259479.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.182.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.182.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.182.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.182.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.182.acks ix 1 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.cont xi xiii 3 Miscellaneous 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">List of contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.01val 1 31 31 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical Polycategoriality: Cross-linguistic, cross-theoretical and language acquisition approaches</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An introduction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Valentina Vapnarsky Vapnarsky, Valentina Valentina Vapnarsky LESC/EREA-CNRS & Université Paris Nanterre 2 A01 Edy Veneziano Veneziano, Edy Edy Veneziano MoDyCo & LPPS, Université Paris Descartes 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p1 33 97 65 Section header 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Polycategoriality</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The where and how of flexibility?</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.02cre 35 57 23 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The flexibility of the noun/verb distinction in the lexicon of Mandinka</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">flexibility of the noun/verb distinction in the lexicon of Mandinka</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Denis Creissels Creissels, Denis Denis Creissels Université Lumière (Lyon 2) 20 mandinka 20 noun/verb distinction 20 unmarked nominalization 20 verbo-nominal lexemes 01 In Mandinka, a Mande language, it is easy to identify words fulfilling the function of verbal head of a clause or nominal head of a noun phrase, but the division of lexemes into a class of nominal lexemes and a class of verbal lexemes is problematic, due to their categorial flexibility. This article argues that three major classes or lexemes must be distinguished: verbal lexemes (whose nominal use is fully predictable and can conveniently be analyzed as morphologically unmarked nominalization), nominal lexemes (whose verbal use is limited to the expression of &#8216;provide someone with X&#8217;), and verbo-nominal lexemes (whose nominal and verbal uses are equally productive, and at the same time cannot be related to each other by any general rule). 10 01 JB code slcs.182.03ker 59 78 20 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Derivationally based homophony in French</TitleText> 1 A01 Françoise Kerleroux Kerleroux, Françoise Françoise Kerleroux Université Paris Nanterre 20 conversion 20 derivation 20 French 20 homophony 20 lexical morphology 01 French reveals many cases of homophony, which raise the question of categorial flexibility. This paper analyses Verb/Noun pairs with identical form and compares them to Verb/Noun pairs with overt derivation. It is argued that French homophony phenomena are based on non-affixal derivational morphology (conversion). The study is conducted within the framework of lexical constructional morphology, with the underlying hypothesis that lexical units or lexemes used in the construction of complex lexemes are characterised by three correlated properties &#8211; phonological form, semantic interpretation and category. In this framework, the affixal formants are regarded as exponents of the derivation rules. The analysis concludes by returning to Saussure&#8217;s key proposals about the sign and its differential. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.04lio 79 97 19 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Categorial flexibility as an emergent phenomenon</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparison of Arabic, Wolof, and French</Subtitle> 1 A01 Alain Kihm Kihm, Alain Alain Kihm CNRS & Université Paris-Diderot 20 categorial flexibility 20 conversion 20 lexical network 20 lexical root 20 Word and Pardigm 01 The present paper takes the view that categorial flexibility (CF, also called polycategoriality), i.e. having the &#8220;same&#8221; items function both as nouns and verbs, is not a possible substantial property of lexemes. Given the semantic quirks that often characterize such alternative uses (e.g. <i>a tree</i> vs. <i>to tree</i>), assuming CF leads one to posit roots endowed with general and vague meanings, the grammatical and cognitive reality of which appears highly dubious. Lexemes ought therefore to be viewed as rigidly categorized with precise meanings. CF is an emergent phenomenon that results when nouns and verbs share more or less loose semantic networks with the language-particular morphological property that they do not or minimally differ in their forms. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p2 99 203 105 Section header 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Polycategoriality across Amerindian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From words to roots</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.05loi 101 153 53 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Polycategoriality and hybridity across Mayan languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Action nouns and ergative splits</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ximena Lois Lois, Ximena Ximena Lois Artis Research 2 A01 Valentina Vapnarsky Vapnarsky, Valentina Valentina Vapnarsky LESC/EREA-CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre 3 A01 Cédric Becquey Becquey, Cédric Cédric Becquey LESC/EREA-CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre 4 A01 Aurore Monod Becquelin Monod Becquelin, Aurore Aurore Monod Becquelin LESC-CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre 20 agency 20 ergativity 20 lexical category 20 Mayan languages 20 polycategoriality 20 verbal noun 01 This article presents a comparative study of Mayan languages belonging to three different branches (Cholan, Tseltalan and Yucatecan), with respect to polycategoriality. Mayan languages appear to be particularly interesting for exploring polycategoriality for several structural reasons, as well as for the way relevant properties vary across the Mayan family. We analyze levels and processes of categorial determination and their relationship with other facts, in particular the ergative splits (aspectual and agentive). We study morphophonological, morphosyntactic and semantic properties for evaluating polycategoriality at the root or stem level. At the structure level, we put forth the hypothesis of a hybrid nature based on simultaneous nominal and verbal properties. For some cases, a reanalysis from nominal to verbal stems is proposed. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.06mit 155 174 20 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Polycategoriality and zero derivation</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Insights from Central Alaskan Yup’ik Eskimo</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marianne Mithun Mithun, Marianne Marianne Mithun University of California, Santa Barbara 20 conversion 20 lexical category 20 polycategoriality 20 Yup'ik 20 zero derivation 01 The possibility of polycategorial lexical items, unspecified for category, raises interesting issues. One is the predictability of semantic relationships between polycategorial forms in predicating and referring uses. Another is the language-internal generality of the phenomenon, whether it necessarily holds of all units at a particular level. A third is its cross-linguistic generality and potential association with certain typological features. These issues are examined with examples from a language exhibiting striking similarities to the Mayan languages for which polycategoriality has recently been argued. Central Alaskan Yup&#8217;ik Eskimo appears to show robust polycategoriality at the root, stem, word, and clause level. A closer look indicates that the story is actually more interesting, and that the universality of polycategoriality remains an open question. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.07haa 175 203 29 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">What determines constraints on the relationships between roots and lexical categories?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from Choctaw and Cherokee</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marcia Haag Haag, Marcia Marcia Haag University of Oklahoma 20 Amerindian languages 20 conversion 20 lexical roots 20 polycategoriality 20 properties of lexical categories 01 Evidence from Amerindian languages suggests that there are roots that have no inherent lexical category and roots that do. Both can co-exist in a single language. Acategorial roots, typical of Cherokee, have semantic content, but lexical category does not emerge until the level of the grammatical word. Words that share lexical roots are not predictable in their relationships. A different type of root, exemplified in Choctaw, places robust restrictions on its derivations. These roots predict not only a verb-noun correspondence, but also the semantic type of derivation. Nouns derived from verbs utilize the argument structure of the related verb to determine semantic type. Predicative roots with no argument structure have no predictable correspondences; those derivations are simply examples of conversion. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p3 205 271 67 Section header 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Polycategoriality across Austronesian and Australian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Function and typology</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.08bri 207 242 36 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical and syntactic categories in N&#234;l&#234;mwa (New Caledonia) and some other Austronesian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Fluid vs. rigid categoriality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Isabelle Bril Bril, Isabelle Isabelle Bril LACITO-CNRS, & EPHE 20 categorial fluidity 20 conversion 20 derivation 20 fluid bases 20 lexico-syntactic categories 20 omnipredicativity 20 polycategoriality 01 In contrast with various Austronesian languages (especially Formosan, Philippine, Polynesian) for which lexical roots are claimed to be functionally unspecified or <sc>precategorial</sc>, lexical bases in N&#234;l&#234;mwa (New Caledonia) evidence a clear noun/verb opposition, identifiable by distinctive morphosyntactic features, except for some 5% fluid bases which can be nouns or verbs without any derivation. Beyond their prototypical functions, nouns, verbs and their subcategories display some functional flexibility in N&#234;l&#234;mwa; it thus stands midway between flexible and rigid languages. Yet categorial flexibility is asymmetrical, nouns are the most flexible and may be recategorised in relation to their propositional operation and syntactic function, giving rise to hybrid lexico-syntactic words. N&#234;l&#234;mwa data will be compared and put into perspective with data from other Austronesian languages. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.09sch 243 271 29 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Two classes of verbs in Northern Australian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Implications for the typology of polycategoriality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eva Schultze-Berndt Schultze-Berndt, Eva Eva Schultze-Berndt University of Manchester 20 Australian languages 20 closed-class verbs 20 dependent predicates 20 ideophones 20 parts of speech 20 preverbs 20 subordination 01 This paper discusses some of the implications for the typology of parts of speech &#8211; including the notion of polycategoriality &#8211; of the existence, in some Australian languages, of two clearly distinct lexical categories which meet the common definition of &#8220;verb&#8221;. Both appear exclusively in predicative function, but only one of them can form independent predicates, while the other is restricted to dependent predication. It is argued that the commonly assumed set of universal major parts of speech, even if conceived of as prototypes, is eurocentric and should be replaced by a more fine-grained set of syntacto-pragmatic functions which are better suited to identifying categorial overlap, and allow us to give proper consideration to more specialised parts of speech. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p4 273 377 105 Section header 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Linguistic analysis in the light of acquisition data</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.10fra 275 306 32 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The ontology of roots and the emergence of nouns and verbs in Kuikuro</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">ontology of roots and the emergence of nouns and verbs in Kuikuro</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Adult speech and children&#8217;s acquisition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Bruna Franchetto Franchetto, Bruna Bruna Franchetto Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CNPq 2 A01 Mara Santos Santos, Mara Mara Santos Universidade Federal do Amapue - UNIFAP 20 acategorial roots 20 Carib 20 genesis of Nouns and Verbs 20 Kuikuro 20 language acquisition 01 Kuikuro, a dialect of the Upper Xingu Carib Language (Southern Amazonia, Brazil), cannot be defined as polycategorial. Instead, we argue that it is a highly agglutinative language in which the postulates of Distributed Morphology are extremely effective for their descriptive and explanatory power: roots are acategorized lexical items from which families of words can be generated in syntax, and not before, through pairing with functional morphemes. Inflection, both nominal and verbal, is the phonological expression of syntactic identities and functions, e.g., Nouns and Verbs as arguments and their heads. A first excursion into the speech production of Kuikuro children aged 14 to 36 months brings new evidence in favor of the hypothesis that Nouns and Verbs emerge step by step in the development of syntactic functional projections, from an early phase of multi-functional and uninflected baby-words &#8211; a phenomenon at the heart of the ethnotheory of language acquisition. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.11mer 307 341 35 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Flexibles and polyvalence in Ku Waru</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A developmental perspective</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francesca Merlan Merlan, Francesca Francesca Merlan 2 A01 Alan Rumsey Rumsey, Alan Alan Rumsey Australian National University 20 child language acquisition 20 longitudinal study 20 Papuan languages 20 serial verb constructions 20 word classes 01 This chapter concerns the nature and universality of word classes and their relation to syntagmatic types. Having thought through these issues on the basis of material from a Papuan language, Ku Waru, of the Western Highlands of Papua New Guinea, in this paper we make use of child language acquisition data from that language to examine the acquisition of word classes and clause-level syntactic structures. In particular, we examine the frequency and development in children&#8217;s acquisition of two distinct multi-word verbal constructions: the adjunct+verb construction and the serial verb construction. The paper considers these structures and the processes of their acquisition from two points of view: that of the adult target language towards which children&#8217;s proficiency is developing; and that of children&#8217;s speech at various points in development, from 17 to about 36 months, considered as emergent and evolving systems in their own right. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.12ber 343 377 35 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Word class distinctiveness versus polycategoriality in Modern Hebrew</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Typological and psycholinguistic perspectives</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ruth A. Berman Berman, Ruth A. Ruth A. Berman Tel Aviv University 20 children acquisition 20 intergitiation 20 mental lexicon 20 Modern Hebrew 20 word-class 20 word-formation 01 The paper deals with word-formation devices in Modern Hebrew as reflecting word-class distinctiveness rather than polycategoriality, defined here as characterizing lexical items that share the same surface morpho-phonological form, yet function in different lexico-grammatical categories. Relevant typological features of the Modern Hebrew lexicon are outlined in terms of: the two major derivational processes of interdigitation of consonantal roots with affixal patterns and linear affixation to a stem; the relative morpho-phonological distinctiveness of the categories of N, V, and A; and the special status of <i>benoni</i> &#8216;intermediate&#8217; participial forms as allowing polycategoriality in the shape of form-function shifts between these three lexical categories. Empirical evidence is then reviewed concerning preferred patterns of new-word formation in current Hebrew usage, and findings from structured elicitations and naturalistic speech samples are detailed for acquisition of word-class distinctions by pre-school Hebrew-speaking children, including the relatively minor role played by <i>benoni</i> polycategoriality in early child language. The concluding section discusses these findings in terms of the impact of linguistic typology and the lengthy developmental route in this, as in other domains, from initial non-analysis via morphological decomposition of lexical items and on to proficient, literacy-based construal of the elements constituting the mental lexicon. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p5 379 466 88 Section header 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part V. Lexical categories and polycategoriality in acquisition</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.13ven 381 411 31 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Noun and Verb categories in acquisition</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from <i>fillers</i> and inflectional morphology in French-acquiring children</Subtitle> 1 A01 Edy Veneziano Veneziano, Edy Edy Veneziano MoDyCo & LPPS, Université Paris Descartes & CNRS 20 acquisition 20 comprehension 20 fillers 20 French acquisition 20 French verbal inflectional morphology 20 nouns 20 production 20 verbs 20 word categories 01 Our analyses suggest that early fillers are premorphological. They help children realize phonoprosodic features, and reflect the distributional regularities of child-directed speech, but are not used to differentiate nouns from verbs, a differentiation that starts to show up a few months after their appearance. The analysis of verbal inflectional morphology confirms these results, showing that, at first, verbs are not treated differently from nouns. The results of a comprehension task administered longitudinally to one of the children are also reported. In this task the child has to attribute an action or object meaning to homophonous or nonce words on the sole basis of the grammatical context in which they occur. The more mature understanding of the distinction between noun and verb frames required by the comprehension task sheds further light on the early psychological reality of Nouns and Verbs for young children. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.14par 413 442 30 Chapter 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Semantic discrimination of Noun/Verb categories in French children aged 1;6 to 2;11</TitleText> 1 A01 Christophe Parisse Parisse, Christophe Christophe Parisse Modyco, INSERM, CNRS & Université Paris Nanterre 2 A01 Caroline Rossi Rossi, Caroline Caroline Rossi Université Grenoble Alpes, ICLEA4 (GREMUTS) 20 early language acquisition 20 grammatical categories (Noun, Verb) 20 semantic categorization 01 This study assesses the part played by semantics in the emergence of grammatical categories in child language. Based on basic, real-world properties, we analyze each of the first nouns and verbs used by three French-speaking children, and code them along six semantic dimensions &#8211; animacy, concreteness, determination, distance, motion and number. We use multiple correspondence analyses and hierarchical clustering to model the categories of child language that emerge based on the above semantic dimensions. We then compare them with adult noun and verb categories. Our results show that a gradual organization of meaning takes place during language development, with a degree of variation from one child to the other, especially in the early steps. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.15pfe 443 466 24 Chapter 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The acquisition of action nouns in Yucatec Maya</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">acquisition of action nouns in Yucatec Maya</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Barbara Pfeiler Pfeiler, Barbara Barbara Pfeiler Centro Peninsular en Humanidades y en Ciencias Sociales, UNAM 20 action nouns 20 language acquisition 20 Yucatec Maya 01 The fact that ergative-absolutive inflectional morphology applies to nouns as well as to verbs in Yucatec Maya obscures the boundary between nouns and verbs, and makes it difficult for children to acquire the distinction between them. Acquisition is particularly difficult for the category of action nouns which can be used as either nouns or verbs in Yucatec. The analysis of the spontaneous speech of two Yucatec monolingual children from 1;9 to 2;3 shows that the most frequent action noun &#8216;play, toy&#8217; is used as both a noun and a verb in the children&#8217;s corpus. The children preferred the nominal use of other action nouns when referring to concrete objects. The frequency of action noun use in the adult speech, the discourse context and rephrasing affected the children&#8217;s use of action nouns to different degrees. Research on the acquisition of language-specific lexical categories is essential to understanding how children acquire language. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.aut 467 471 5 Miscellaneous 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Author index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.lan 473 474 2 Miscellaneous 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.sub 475 479 5 Miscellaneous 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20171101 2017 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027259479 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 985017388 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 182 Hb 15 9789027259479 13 2017003697 BB 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 182 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical Polycategoriality</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Cross-linguistic, cross-theoretical and language acquisition approaches</Subtitle> 01 slcs.182 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.182 1 B01 Valentina Vapnarsky Vapnarsky, Valentina Valentina Vapnarsky CNRS & Université Paris Nanterre 2 B01 Edy Veneziano Veneziano, Edy Edy Veneziano Université Paris Descartes & CNRS 01 eng 493 xiii 479 LAN009060 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.LA Language acquisition 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.MORPH Morphology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book presents a collection of chapters on the nature, flexibility and acquisition of lexical categories. These long-debated issues are looked at anew by exploring the hypothesis of lexical polycategoriality –according to which lexical forms are not fully, or univocally, specified for lexical category– in a wide number of unrelated languages, and within different theoretical and methodological perspectives. Twenty languages are thoroughly analyzed. Apart from French, Arabic and Hebrew, the volume includes mostly understudied languages, spoken in New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Amazonia, Meso- and North America. Resulting from a long-standing collaboration between leading international experts, this book brings under one cover new data analyses and results on word categories from the linguistic and acquisitional point of view. It will be of the utmost interest to researchers, teachers and graduate students in different fields of linguistics (morpho-syntax, semantics, typology), language acquisition, as well as psycholinguistics, cognition and anthropology. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.182.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259479.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027259479.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.182.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.182.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.182.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.182.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.182.acks ix 1 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.cont xi xiii 3 Miscellaneous 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">List of contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.01val 1 31 31 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical Polycategoriality: Cross-linguistic, cross-theoretical and language acquisition approaches</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An introduction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Valentina Vapnarsky Vapnarsky, Valentina Valentina Vapnarsky LESC/EREA-CNRS & Université Paris Nanterre 2 A01 Edy Veneziano Veneziano, Edy Edy Veneziano MoDyCo & LPPS, Université Paris Descartes 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p1 33 97 65 Section header 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Polycategoriality</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The where and how of flexibility?</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.02cre 35 57 23 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The flexibility of the noun/verb distinction in the lexicon of Mandinka</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">flexibility of the noun/verb distinction in the lexicon of Mandinka</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Denis Creissels Creissels, Denis Denis Creissels Université Lumière (Lyon 2) 20 mandinka 20 noun/verb distinction 20 unmarked nominalization 20 verbo-nominal lexemes 01 In Mandinka, a Mande language, it is easy to identify words fulfilling the function of verbal head of a clause or nominal head of a noun phrase, but the division of lexemes into a class of nominal lexemes and a class of verbal lexemes is problematic, due to their categorial flexibility. This article argues that three major classes or lexemes must be distinguished: verbal lexemes (whose nominal use is fully predictable and can conveniently be analyzed as morphologically unmarked nominalization), nominal lexemes (whose verbal use is limited to the expression of &#8216;provide someone with X&#8217;), and verbo-nominal lexemes (whose nominal and verbal uses are equally productive, and at the same time cannot be related to each other by any general rule). 10 01 JB code slcs.182.03ker 59 78 20 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Derivationally based homophony in French</TitleText> 1 A01 Françoise Kerleroux Kerleroux, Françoise Françoise Kerleroux Université Paris Nanterre 20 conversion 20 derivation 20 French 20 homophony 20 lexical morphology 01 French reveals many cases of homophony, which raise the question of categorial flexibility. This paper analyses Verb/Noun pairs with identical form and compares them to Verb/Noun pairs with overt derivation. It is argued that French homophony phenomena are based on non-affixal derivational morphology (conversion). The study is conducted within the framework of lexical constructional morphology, with the underlying hypothesis that lexical units or lexemes used in the construction of complex lexemes are characterised by three correlated properties &#8211; phonological form, semantic interpretation and category. In this framework, the affixal formants are regarded as exponents of the derivation rules. The analysis concludes by returning to Saussure&#8217;s key proposals about the sign and its differential. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.04lio 79 97 19 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Categorial flexibility as an emergent phenomenon</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparison of Arabic, Wolof, and French</Subtitle> 1 A01 Alain Kihm Kihm, Alain Alain Kihm CNRS & Université Paris-Diderot 20 categorial flexibility 20 conversion 20 lexical network 20 lexical root 20 Word and Pardigm 01 The present paper takes the view that categorial flexibility (CF, also called polycategoriality), i.e. having the &#8220;same&#8221; items function both as nouns and verbs, is not a possible substantial property of lexemes. Given the semantic quirks that often characterize such alternative uses (e.g. <i>a tree</i> vs. <i>to tree</i>), assuming CF leads one to posit roots endowed with general and vague meanings, the grammatical and cognitive reality of which appears highly dubious. Lexemes ought therefore to be viewed as rigidly categorized with precise meanings. CF is an emergent phenomenon that results when nouns and verbs share more or less loose semantic networks with the language-particular morphological property that they do not or minimally differ in their forms. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p2 99 203 105 Section header 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Polycategoriality across Amerindian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From words to roots</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.05loi 101 153 53 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Polycategoriality and hybridity across Mayan languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Action nouns and ergative splits</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ximena Lois Lois, Ximena Ximena Lois Artis Research 2 A01 Valentina Vapnarsky Vapnarsky, Valentina Valentina Vapnarsky LESC/EREA-CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre 3 A01 Cédric Becquey Becquey, Cédric Cédric Becquey LESC/EREA-CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre 4 A01 Aurore Monod Becquelin Monod Becquelin, Aurore Aurore Monod Becquelin LESC-CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre 20 agency 20 ergativity 20 lexical category 20 Mayan languages 20 polycategoriality 20 verbal noun 01 This article presents a comparative study of Mayan languages belonging to three different branches (Cholan, Tseltalan and Yucatecan), with respect to polycategoriality. Mayan languages appear to be particularly interesting for exploring polycategoriality for several structural reasons, as well as for the way relevant properties vary across the Mayan family. We analyze levels and processes of categorial determination and their relationship with other facts, in particular the ergative splits (aspectual and agentive). We study morphophonological, morphosyntactic and semantic properties for evaluating polycategoriality at the root or stem level. At the structure level, we put forth the hypothesis of a hybrid nature based on simultaneous nominal and verbal properties. For some cases, a reanalysis from nominal to verbal stems is proposed. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.06mit 155 174 20 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Polycategoriality and zero derivation</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Insights from Central Alaskan Yup’ik Eskimo</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marianne Mithun Mithun, Marianne Marianne Mithun University of California, Santa Barbara 20 conversion 20 lexical category 20 polycategoriality 20 Yup'ik 20 zero derivation 01 The possibility of polycategorial lexical items, unspecified for category, raises interesting issues. One is the predictability of semantic relationships between polycategorial forms in predicating and referring uses. Another is the language-internal generality of the phenomenon, whether it necessarily holds of all units at a particular level. A third is its cross-linguistic generality and potential association with certain typological features. These issues are examined with examples from a language exhibiting striking similarities to the Mayan languages for which polycategoriality has recently been argued. Central Alaskan Yup&#8217;ik Eskimo appears to show robust polycategoriality at the root, stem, word, and clause level. A closer look indicates that the story is actually more interesting, and that the universality of polycategoriality remains an open question. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.07haa 175 203 29 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">What determines constraints on the relationships between roots and lexical categories?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from Choctaw and Cherokee</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marcia Haag Haag, Marcia Marcia Haag University of Oklahoma 20 Amerindian languages 20 conversion 20 lexical roots 20 polycategoriality 20 properties of lexical categories 01 Evidence from Amerindian languages suggests that there are roots that have no inherent lexical category and roots that do. Both can co-exist in a single language. Acategorial roots, typical of Cherokee, have semantic content, but lexical category does not emerge until the level of the grammatical word. Words that share lexical roots are not predictable in their relationships. A different type of root, exemplified in Choctaw, places robust restrictions on its derivations. These roots predict not only a verb-noun correspondence, but also the semantic type of derivation. Nouns derived from verbs utilize the argument structure of the related verb to determine semantic type. Predicative roots with no argument structure have no predictable correspondences; those derivations are simply examples of conversion. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p3 205 271 67 Section header 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Polycategoriality across Austronesian and Australian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Function and typology</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.08bri 207 242 36 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical and syntactic categories in N&#234;l&#234;mwa (New Caledonia) and some other Austronesian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Fluid vs. rigid categoriality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Isabelle Bril Bril, Isabelle Isabelle Bril LACITO-CNRS, & EPHE 20 categorial fluidity 20 conversion 20 derivation 20 fluid bases 20 lexico-syntactic categories 20 omnipredicativity 20 polycategoriality 01 In contrast with various Austronesian languages (especially Formosan, Philippine, Polynesian) for which lexical roots are claimed to be functionally unspecified or <sc>precategorial</sc>, lexical bases in N&#234;l&#234;mwa (New Caledonia) evidence a clear noun/verb opposition, identifiable by distinctive morphosyntactic features, except for some 5% fluid bases which can be nouns or verbs without any derivation. Beyond their prototypical functions, nouns, verbs and their subcategories display some functional flexibility in N&#234;l&#234;mwa; it thus stands midway between flexible and rigid languages. Yet categorial flexibility is asymmetrical, nouns are the most flexible and may be recategorised in relation to their propositional operation and syntactic function, giving rise to hybrid lexico-syntactic words. N&#234;l&#234;mwa data will be compared and put into perspective with data from other Austronesian languages. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.09sch 243 271 29 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Two classes of verbs in Northern Australian languages</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Implications for the typology of polycategoriality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eva Schultze-Berndt Schultze-Berndt, Eva Eva Schultze-Berndt University of Manchester 20 Australian languages 20 closed-class verbs 20 dependent predicates 20 ideophones 20 parts of speech 20 preverbs 20 subordination 01 This paper discusses some of the implications for the typology of parts of speech &#8211; including the notion of polycategoriality &#8211; of the existence, in some Australian languages, of two clearly distinct lexical categories which meet the common definition of &#8220;verb&#8221;. Both appear exclusively in predicative function, but only one of them can form independent predicates, while the other is restricted to dependent predication. It is argued that the commonly assumed set of universal major parts of speech, even if conceived of as prototypes, is eurocentric and should be replaced by a more fine-grained set of syntacto-pragmatic functions which are better suited to identifying categorial overlap, and allow us to give proper consideration to more specialised parts of speech. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p4 273 377 105 Section header 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Linguistic analysis in the light of acquisition data</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.10fra 275 306 32 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The ontology of roots and the emergence of nouns and verbs in Kuikuro</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">ontology of roots and the emergence of nouns and verbs in Kuikuro</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Adult speech and children&#8217;s acquisition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Bruna Franchetto Franchetto, Bruna Bruna Franchetto Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CNPq 2 A01 Mara Santos Santos, Mara Mara Santos Universidade Federal do Amapue - UNIFAP 20 acategorial roots 20 Carib 20 genesis of Nouns and Verbs 20 Kuikuro 20 language acquisition 01 Kuikuro, a dialect of the Upper Xingu Carib Language (Southern Amazonia, Brazil), cannot be defined as polycategorial. Instead, we argue that it is a highly agglutinative language in which the postulates of Distributed Morphology are extremely effective for their descriptive and explanatory power: roots are acategorized lexical items from which families of words can be generated in syntax, and not before, through pairing with functional morphemes. Inflection, both nominal and verbal, is the phonological expression of syntactic identities and functions, e.g., Nouns and Verbs as arguments and their heads. A first excursion into the speech production of Kuikuro children aged 14 to 36 months brings new evidence in favor of the hypothesis that Nouns and Verbs emerge step by step in the development of syntactic functional projections, from an early phase of multi-functional and uninflected baby-words &#8211; a phenomenon at the heart of the ethnotheory of language acquisition. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.11mer 307 341 35 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Flexibles and polyvalence in Ku Waru</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A developmental perspective</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francesca Merlan Merlan, Francesca Francesca Merlan 2 A01 Alan Rumsey Rumsey, Alan Alan Rumsey Australian National University 20 child language acquisition 20 longitudinal study 20 Papuan languages 20 serial verb constructions 20 word classes 01 This chapter concerns the nature and universality of word classes and their relation to syntagmatic types. Having thought through these issues on the basis of material from a Papuan language, Ku Waru, of the Western Highlands of Papua New Guinea, in this paper we make use of child language acquisition data from that language to examine the acquisition of word classes and clause-level syntactic structures. In particular, we examine the frequency and development in children&#8217;s acquisition of two distinct multi-word verbal constructions: the adjunct+verb construction and the serial verb construction. The paper considers these structures and the processes of their acquisition from two points of view: that of the adult target language towards which children&#8217;s proficiency is developing; and that of children&#8217;s speech at various points in development, from 17 to about 36 months, considered as emergent and evolving systems in their own right. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.12ber 343 377 35 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Word class distinctiveness versus polycategoriality in Modern Hebrew</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Typological and psycholinguistic perspectives</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ruth A. Berman Berman, Ruth A. Ruth A. Berman Tel Aviv University 20 children acquisition 20 intergitiation 20 mental lexicon 20 Modern Hebrew 20 word-class 20 word-formation 01 The paper deals with word-formation devices in Modern Hebrew as reflecting word-class distinctiveness rather than polycategoriality, defined here as characterizing lexical items that share the same surface morpho-phonological form, yet function in different lexico-grammatical categories. Relevant typological features of the Modern Hebrew lexicon are outlined in terms of: the two major derivational processes of interdigitation of consonantal roots with affixal patterns and linear affixation to a stem; the relative morpho-phonological distinctiveness of the categories of N, V, and A; and the special status of <i>benoni</i> &#8216;intermediate&#8217; participial forms as allowing polycategoriality in the shape of form-function shifts between these three lexical categories. Empirical evidence is then reviewed concerning preferred patterns of new-word formation in current Hebrew usage, and findings from structured elicitations and naturalistic speech samples are detailed for acquisition of word-class distinctions by pre-school Hebrew-speaking children, including the relatively minor role played by <i>benoni</i> polycategoriality in early child language. The concluding section discusses these findings in terms of the impact of linguistic typology and the lengthy developmental route in this, as in other domains, from initial non-analysis via morphological decomposition of lexical items and on to proficient, literacy-based construal of the elements constituting the mental lexicon. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.p5 379 466 88 Section header 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part V. Lexical categories and polycategoriality in acquisition</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.13ven 381 411 31 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Noun and Verb categories in acquisition</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from <i>fillers</i> and inflectional morphology in French-acquiring children</Subtitle> 1 A01 Edy Veneziano Veneziano, Edy Edy Veneziano MoDyCo & LPPS, Université Paris Descartes & CNRS 20 acquisition 20 comprehension 20 fillers 20 French acquisition 20 French verbal inflectional morphology 20 nouns 20 production 20 verbs 20 word categories 01 Our analyses suggest that early fillers are premorphological. They help children realize phonoprosodic features, and reflect the distributional regularities of child-directed speech, but are not used to differentiate nouns from verbs, a differentiation that starts to show up a few months after their appearance. The analysis of verbal inflectional morphology confirms these results, showing that, at first, verbs are not treated differently from nouns. The results of a comprehension task administered longitudinally to one of the children are also reported. In this task the child has to attribute an action or object meaning to homophonous or nonce words on the sole basis of the grammatical context in which they occur. The more mature understanding of the distinction between noun and verb frames required by the comprehension task sheds further light on the early psychological reality of Nouns and Verbs for young children. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.14par 413 442 30 Chapter 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Semantic discrimination of Noun/Verb categories in French children aged 1;6 to 2;11</TitleText> 1 A01 Christophe Parisse Parisse, Christophe Christophe Parisse Modyco, INSERM, CNRS & Université Paris Nanterre 2 A01 Caroline Rossi Rossi, Caroline Caroline Rossi Université Grenoble Alpes, ICLEA4 (GREMUTS) 20 early language acquisition 20 grammatical categories (Noun, Verb) 20 semantic categorization 01 This study assesses the part played by semantics in the emergence of grammatical categories in child language. Based on basic, real-world properties, we analyze each of the first nouns and verbs used by three French-speaking children, and code them along six semantic dimensions &#8211; animacy, concreteness, determination, distance, motion and number. We use multiple correspondence analyses and hierarchical clustering to model the categories of child language that emerge based on the above semantic dimensions. We then compare them with adult noun and verb categories. Our results show that a gradual organization of meaning takes place during language development, with a degree of variation from one child to the other, especially in the early steps. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.15pfe 443 466 24 Chapter 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The acquisition of action nouns in Yucatec Maya</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">acquisition of action nouns in Yucatec Maya</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Barbara Pfeiler Pfeiler, Barbara Barbara Pfeiler Centro Peninsular en Humanidades y en Ciencias Sociales, UNAM 20 action nouns 20 language acquisition 20 Yucatec Maya 01 The fact that ergative-absolutive inflectional morphology applies to nouns as well as to verbs in Yucatec Maya obscures the boundary between nouns and verbs, and makes it difficult for children to acquire the distinction between them. Acquisition is particularly difficult for the category of action nouns which can be used as either nouns or verbs in Yucatec. The analysis of the spontaneous speech of two Yucatec monolingual children from 1;9 to 2;3 shows that the most frequent action noun &#8216;play, toy&#8217; is used as both a noun and a verb in the children&#8217;s corpus. The children preferred the nominal use of other action nouns when referring to concrete objects. The frequency of action noun use in the adult speech, the discourse context and rephrasing affected the children&#8217;s use of action nouns to different degrees. Research on the acquisition of language-specific lexical categories is essential to understanding how children acquire language. 10 01 JB code slcs.182.aut 467 471 5 Miscellaneous 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Author index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.lan 473 474 2 Miscellaneous 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.182.sub 475 479 5 Miscellaneous 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20171101 2017 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 1005 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 33 14 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 14 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 1 14 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD