219-7677
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7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
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201710171142
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
811016544
03
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
SLCS 186 Eb
15
9789027265494
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10.1075/slcs.186
13
2017030736
DG
002
02
01
SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
186
01
Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles
New perspectives
01
slcs.186
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.186
1
B01
Chiara Fedriani
Fedriani, Chiara
Chiara
Fedriani
University of Genoa
2
B01
Andrea Sansó
Sansó, Andrea
Andrea
Sansó
University of Insubria
01
eng
502
ix
492
LAN009060
v.2006
CFK
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This book offers new perspectives into the description of the form, meaning and function of Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles in a number of different languages, along with new methods for identifying their ‘prototypical’ instances in situated language contexts, often based on cross-linguistic comparisons. The papers collected in this volume also discuss different factors at play in processes of grammaticalization and pragmaticalization, which include contact-induced change and pragmatic borrowing, socio-interactional functional pressures and sociopragmatic indexicalities, constraints of cognitive processing, together with regularities in semantic change. Putting the traditional issues concerning the status, delimitation and categorization of Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles somewhat off the stage, the eighteen articles collected in this volume deal instead with general questions concerning the development and use of such procedural elements, explored from different approaches, both formal and functional, and from a variety of perspectives – including corpus-based, sociolinguistic, and contrastive perspectives – and offering language-specific synchronic and diachronic studies.
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slcs.186.001pre
ix
1
Miscellaneous
1
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Preface
10
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slcs.186.01fed
1
33
33
Chapter
2
01
Introduction. Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles
What do we know and where do we go from here?
1
A01
Chiara Fedriani
Fedriani, Chiara
Chiara
Fedriani
University of Genoa
2
A01
Andrea Sansó
Sansó, Andrea
Andrea
Sansó
University of Insubria
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.p1
37
167
131
Section header
3
01
Part 1. General theoretical questions and quantitative approaches
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.02mas
37
69
33
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 1. The emergence of Hebrew <i>loydea / loydat</i> (‘I dunno <sc>masc/fem</sc> ’) from interaction
Blurring the boundaries between discourse marker, pragmatic marker, and modal particle
1
A01
Yael Maschler
Maschler, Yael
Yael
Maschler
University of Haifa
20
discourse markers
20
grammaticization
20
Hebrew
20
mental verb constructions
01
A general approach to discourse markers is sketched through an analysis which approaches grammar as emerging in interaction and coming into being through mundane language use (Hopper 1987, 2011). The study continues work on mental verb constructions in a variety of languages. By analyzing all 191 tokens of the (<sc>subj</sc>)-<sc>neg</sc>-<sc>pred</sc> construction of the Hebrew mental verb <i>yada</i> (‘know’) employed throughout audio-recordings of over 7.5 hours of Hebrew casual interactional data, I trace the route of this construction’s gravitation towards the discourse marker <i>loydea / loydat</i> (‘I dunno <sc>masc/fem</sc>’). I argue that employment of the construction is highly formulaic, not necessarily epistemic, and that its uses are closely tied to its prosodic, morphophonological and syntactic properties, to its position within the ongoing turn and sequence, and to the particular activities in which participants engage in interaction. Based on a mostly synchronic analysis of the data, I suggest two grammaticization paths leading to employment of this construction as a discourse marker. This is then supported with some diachronic evidence. The study of Hebrew <i>loydea / loydat</i> (‘I dunno <sc>masc/fem</sc>’) shows that the boundaries between the three categories of discourse marker, pragmatic marker, and modal particle can be rather blurred.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.03bol
71
98
28
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 2. Towards a model for discourse marker annotation
From potential to feature-based discourse markers
1
A01
Catherine T. Bolly
Bolly, Catherine T.
Catherine T.
Bolly
University of Cologne/ Université catholique de Louvain
2
A01
Ludivine Crible
Crible, Ludivine
Ludivine
Crible
Université catholique de Louvain
3
A01
Liesbeth Degand
Degand, Liesbeth
Liesbeth
Degand
Université catholique de Louvain
4
A01
Deniz Uygur-Distexhe
Uygur-Distexhe, Deniz
Deniz
Uygur-Distexhe
Université catholique de Louvain
20
corpus
20
discourse marker
20
multifactorial analysis
20
spoken French
01
This chapter presents an empirical method for the identification and annotation of discourse markers (DMs) in in spontaneous spoken French (MDMA project). Central to the proposal is the assumption that DMs may be described as clusters of features that, in specific patterns of combination, allow to distinguish DM use from other linguistic items fulfilling a non-propositional function, such as modal particles or pragmatic markers. The hypothesis underlying the annotation experiment is that the analysis of the distributional constraints imposed on specific markers should uncover reliable features for the identification and categorization of DMs. Multivariate statistics suggest a certain hierarchy between the different features under scrutiny, regarding their relevance and reliability, in the process of identifying DMs in context.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.04cri
99
124
26
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 3. Towards an operational category of discourse markers
A definition and its model
1
A01
Ludivine Crible
Crible, Ludivine
Ludivine
Crible
Université catholique de Louvain
20
annotation protocol
20
bilingual corpus
20
corpus-based pragmatics
20
discourse markers
20
linguistic categorization
01
The field of discourse markers (DMs) studies suffers from lack of consensus on the limits and definition of the category. There seems to be a crucial need for onomasiological studies that account for every kind of DM in cross-linguistic data. This study presents a proposal for an operational, corpus-based definition of DMs that addresses several theoretical and methodological shortcomings in the field. I claim that any categorical definition is only useful insofar as it is endorsed by an empirical model of identification and annotation. Such a model will be described and illustrated by relevant authentic examples from a pilot study on a comparable corpus of French and English interviews.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.05gou
125
150
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 4. A corpus-based approach to functional markers in Greek
Exploring the role of position
1
A01
Dionysis Goutsos
Goutsos, Dionysis
Dionysis
Goutsos
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
20
corpora
20
functional markers
20
grammaticalization
20
Greek
20
position
01
The paper attempts to explore the role of position in Greek by examining how positional preferences for markers correlate with their functions in the language. A large number of these items are investigated in four sub-corpora of academic texts, newspaper opinion articles, Parliament speeches and radio and TV interviews (1 million words in total), drawn from the <i>Corpus of Greek Texts</i>. The findings suggest that items that can be described as discourse and pragmatic markers are attracted by first position, whereas modal markers tend to appear in third position and second position is reserved for grammaticalized items. The corpus-based approach followed seems to offer a useful means of delimiting the broad class of items involved in Greek.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.06cos
151
167
17
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 5. Discourse markers and discourse relations
The French DM <i>quoi</i>
1
A01
Adriana Costăchescu
Costăchescu, Adriana
Adriana
Costăchescu
University of Craiova
20
dialogue
20
discourse markers
20
rhetorical relations
20
SDRT
01
We investigate if and how Discourse Markers (DMs) can be integrated into a dynamic semantic framework (in the SDRT variant, cf. Asher & Lascarides 2003, 2008, 2009) in order to study the relationships between discursive markers and rhetoric relations in a dialogue. We assume that short answers (Schlangen & Lascarides 2003) and DMs have the same basic characteristics: (i) both are semantically under-specified; (ii) in both cases, the receiver adds, by deduction, significant elements, in order to narrow, or even eliminate the semantic under-specification. We illustrate the possibility of integrating the DMs in the SDRT by examining the behaviour of the French DM <i>quoi</i> ‘what’ in a corpus in expressing rhetorical relations, such as: <br /> <br /><br /> <i>Explanation</i>(α, β) (A: – <i>Le curé est arrivé à pied, ou <b>quoi</b> </i>? B: – <i>Il est venu dans la voiture de Mathurin</i>. ‘A : – The priest arrived on foot, or <b>what?</b> B: – He came in Mathurin’s car’) <br /><br /> <i>Contrast</i>(α, β) (A: – <i>Je vais attendre</i>. B: <i>- Attendre <b>quoi</b>? Ils viennent de sortir</i>. ‘A : I am going to wait. B: – <b>What for</b>? They have just left’); <br /><br /> <i>Phatic</i>(α, β), when the channel is not functioning (A: -<i>Coco</i>! B (who is hard of hearing): – <b> <i>Quoi</i> </b>? A: (screaming) – <i>Ils te disent au revoir</i>. ‘A: – Coco! B : -<b>What</b>? A: – They are saying ‘good bye’ to you’). <br /> <br />The study of DMs within SDRT tells us a lot about the deductive processes implied by the good functioning the human communication.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.p2
171
254
84
Section header
9
01
Part 2. The status of modal particles
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.07abr
171
202
32
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 6. Modal particles and Verum focus
New corollaries
1
A01
Werner Abraham
Abraham, Werner
Werner
Abraham
University of Vienna/ Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
01
The paper pursues two goals: first, comparing the behavior of speech act adverbials with modal particles, and second, the kinship of verum focus and modal particles with respect to their function in discourse. I explore the main difference between German(ic) grammatical modal particles and lexical discourse markers in other, non-Germanic, languages: By using modal particles in a core-grammatical sentence <i>p</i>, the speaker’s utterance of <i>p</i> sets up a thematic common ground with the further disposition that this temporarily final common ground is to be negotiated (agreed upon or challenged and, upon the addressee’s reaction, changed) with the addressee. Lexical correspondents to modal particles do not establish such a common ground and, therefore, do not invite, in an implicit fashion, the addressee’s appropriate reaction to the common ground. It is claimed that this type of grammatical modal particle is typically endorsed by <sc>v</sc>2-Vlast of German (and Dutch).
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.08squ
203
228
26
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 7. Italian non-canonical negations as modal particles
Information state, polarity and mirativity
1
A01
Mario Squartini
Squartini, Mario
Mario
Squartini
Università di Torino
20
direct questions
20
given/new
20
mirativity
20
negation
01
This chapter will focus on the role of information state as a major factor in the development of modal particles derived from negative minimizers. By capitalizing on previous research on Romance non-canonical negations (see especially Schwenter 2003, 2005, 2006), the analysis will describe the special discursive function of the Italian negative operator <i>mica</i> (etym. ‘crumb’) in direct questions, where the textual dynamics ‘given’ vs. ‘new’ interacts with the speaker’s mirative reactions. The occurrence of distinct regional patterns in the use of <i>mica</i> in direct questions indicates different combinations of polarity with the mirative role of the speaker, who, apart from managing information flow, also reacts to unexpected information by matching previous knowledge with new information acquired in discourse.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.09kre
229
254
26
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 8. A format for the description of German modal particles and their functional equivalents in Croatian and English
1
A01
Marijana Kresić
Kresić, Marijana
Marijana
Kresić
University of Zadar
2
A01
Mia Batinić Angster
Angster, Mia Batinić
Mia Batinić
Angster
University of Zadar
3
A01
Gabriele Diewald
Diewald, Gabriele
Gabriele
Diewald
Leibniz University Hannover
20
basic meaning
20
contrastive analysis
20
corpus analysis
20
modal particles
20
sentence types
01
This paper presents a format for a cross-linguistic, corpus-based description of the formal features and the function of modal particles (hereafter: abbreviated as MPs) and their equivalents in German, Croatian and English. We define the word category of MPs for the Croatian language and propose a shared, pragmatic function of these particles in a cross-linguistic perspective. The starting point for the comparative analysis is the pragmatic function of German MPs, i.e. a specific discourse grammatical function which consists in anchoring the utterance in an assumed dialogic setting as the second turn, thus being set off from discourse marking elements as well as from text-connective elements in the narrow sense (cf. Diewald 2007, 2013; Diewald et al. 2009, see also Sections 1 and 2.1.2). Particle meanings are described in terms of the speaker’s assumptions about a state of affairs in the context of the communication (cf. Kresić & Batinić 2014). The proposed method for the lexicographic description of particle meanings in a cross-linguistic perspective encompasses their central features on the levels of morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.p3
257
397
141
Section header
13
01
Part 3. Language-specific and diachronic studies
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.10kle
257
287
31
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 9. Vocatives as a source category for pragmatic markers
From deixis to discourse marking via affectivity
1
A01
Friederike Kleinknecht
Kleinknecht, Friederike
Friederike
Kleinknecht
Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
2
A01
Miguel Souza
Souza, Miguel
Miguel
Souza
University of Mainz
20
affectivity
20
development of discourse markers
20
expressivity
20
solidarity
20
vocatives
01
This paper considers familiarizers, a special class of vocatives denoting solidarity and intimacy, as possible sources for pragmatic markers and discourse markers. We argue that affectivity plays a crucial role in the use of vocatives in general and especially in this functional development. More precisely, terms of address have the potential to intensify the affectivity displayed by the speaker. In this quality, they may be employed as linguistic strategies to enhance the expressive and illocutionary force of utterances. These expressive uses may be the source of several more peculiar functions related to turn and information management. While this holds for familiarizers as well as for vocatives in general, not interferring with the deictic force of addressing contained in the vocative form, in several languages there are familiarizers which undergo an inflationary use and end up as mere elements of discourse marking, emphasizing and delimiting sequential units such as turns, utterances, and intonation units. The deictic reference to the collocutor is virtually lost, which is shown by the typical fossilization of the masculine singular form in the newly derived functions. We illustrate this development with vocative-based markers in different languages with special focus on the familiarizers <i>güey</i> in Mexican Spanish and <i>alter</i> in German. Although their sociopragmatic indexicalities are far from identical, this comparative approach reveals some interesting similarities. In our view, a definition as ‘pragmatic markers’ is justified for vocative-based markers at any point of their evolution, while the term ‘discourse marker’ should be restricted to functions that are no longer directly inferable from the vocative’s deictic and expressive qualities.
10
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slcs.186.11maz
289
304
16
Chapter
15
01
Chapter 10. Paths of development of English DMs
(Inter)subjectification, deontic reversal and other stories
1
A01
Gabriella Mazzon
Mazzon, Gabriella
Gabriella
Mazzon
University of Innsbruck
20
face-threat
20
intersubjectivity
20
mitigation
20
politeness
20
reversal
01
Starting from notions of conversational dominance as a locus for face-work, and of the crucial role of specific language items in managing conflict and (dis)agreement in dialogue, the paper will look at some case studies in the development and pragmaticalization stages of various English Discourse Markers (such as <i>now, pray, please, I’m afraid</i>, and <i>well</i>). Beginning with the source forms, the paper will discuss the gradual emergence of subjective and intersubjective meanings, as well as the phenomenon of layering and the tendency toward the development of deontic meanings that some English discourse markers show, possibly indicating a form of cyclical development of functions. The specific case studies presented include both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.12shi
305
333
29
Chapter
16
01
Chapter 11. Grammaticalization of PMs/DMs/MMs in Japanese
1
A01
Rumiko Shinzato
Shinzato, Rumiko
Rumiko
Shinzato
Georgia Institute of Technology
20
(inter)subjectivity
20
core
20
Japanese
20
layered structures
20
periphery
01
This paper discusses the source lexemes and the grammaticalization pathways leading to such end products as Discourse Markers (DMs), Modal Markers (MMs), and Pragmatic Markers (PMs) in relation to the layered structures of Japanese syntax, as well as issues of left/right peripheries (LP/RP). It points out that DMs and MMs are categorically parallel, but PMs are not. Further, source lexemes for DMs and MMs show the preferred directionality of positional shifts based on their semantic characters. PMs source items remain within the Core. The function-periphery mappings in Japanese support Beeching & Detges’ (2014) function-periphery asymmetry hypothesis as general tendencies, but also deviate from it as LP and RP are both subjective and intersubjective, reflecting the symmetrical layered structure.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.13ram
335
367
33
Chapter
17
01
Chapter 12. Dubitative-corrective constructions in Italian
1
A01
Anna Giacalone Ramat
Giacalone Ramat, Anna
Anna
Giacalone Ramat
University of Pavia
2
A01
Caterina Mauri
Mauri, Caterina
Caterina
Mauri
University of Bologna
3
A01
Andrea Sansó
Sansó, Andrea
Andrea
Sansó
University of Insubria
20
conditional constructions
20
dubitative-corrective constructions
20
mitigation
20
scalar constructions
01
This paper investigates the properties of a set of poorly described Italian constructions characterized, at the same time, by (i) a dubitative component, challenging a presupposition generated by the preceding context and (ii) a corrective function. These constructions revolve around four adverbial elements (<i>al massimo</i>, <i>al limite</i>, <i>tutt’al più</i> and <i>caso mai</i>) that have other functions besides the dubitative-corrective one. The analysis will illustrate how their dubitative-corrective function emerges in specific discourse configurations and will discuss their further pragmatic uses as mitigators, which appear to be crucially connected to the dubitative component. The theoretical implications of the analysis concern the definition itself of dubitative-corrective construction and the role of dialogical contexts in the development of a dubitative-corrective function. It will be shown that the constructions in question, though sharing a dubitative-corrective function, differ in various respects. These differences can be traced back to their different diachronic sources, namely a scalar construction for <i>al massimo</i>, <i>al limite</i>, and <i>tutt’al più</i>, and a conditional construction in the case of <i>caso mai</i>. The evolutionary paths leading from these source constructions to dubitative-corrective constructions present a different configuration, whereby the dubitative function emerges after the corrective function in the case of elements originally participating in a scalar construction (<i>al limite, al massimo, tutt’al più</i>) while in the development of <i>caso mai</i> the simple dubitative function precedes the dubitative-corrective one.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.14ada
369
397
29
Chapter
18
01
Chapter 13. On the pragmatic expansion of Polish <i>gdzieś tam</i> ‘somewhere (there)/about’
1
A01
Magdalena Adamczyk
Adamczyk, Magdalena
Magdalena
Adamczyk
University of Zielona Góra
20
(non-)canonical use of language
20
(non-)propositional meaning
20
discourse markers
20
hedges/hedging
01
In standard usage <i>gdzieś tam</i> functions as an adverbial adding approximation/indeterminacy to expressions of place, time and number/amount/measure, and as such it is semantically equivalent to English ‘somewhere (there) in some contexts and ‘about’ in others. In conversational speech, however, its use sometimes diverges, more or less markedly, from the standard one, which is manifested both formally and functionally. The present study sets out to examine, locally, the lexico-syntactic cotext of <i>gdzieś tam</i> (to see how it differs depending on whether the expression is used conventionally or otherwise) and, globally, novel, context-sensitive functions that the phrase is capable of performing in a communicative act. A broader issue the paper attempts to address is the extent, if any, to which the canonical meaning of <i>gdzieś tam</i> is reflected in the pragmatically expanded use of the expression.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.15giu
399
413
15
Chapter
19
01
Chapter 14. A pragmatic approach to Joseph Wright’s <i>English Dialect Dictionary</i>
Discourse markers in focus
1
A01
Stephan Giuliani
Giuliani, Stephan
Stephan
Giuliani
University of Innsbruck
20
dialectology
20
discourse markers
20
English Dialect Dictionary
20
historical pragmatics
20
non-standard English varieties
01
Joseph Wright’s <i>English Dialect Dictionary</i> (<i>EDD</i>; 1898–1905) represents a landmark publication in Late Modern English dialectology. This article explores the potential of the <i>EDD</i> and its digital version (<i>EDD Online</i>) for historical pragmatic research and discusses essential theoretical and methodological considerations that arise from taking a pragmatic approach towards this complex historical document of non-standard English varieties. Besides traditional lexicographic information, the <i>EDD</i> also contains evidence of a great variety of different dialectal documents that are written to mimic spoken language. Three exemplary discourse markers (DM) – <i>aweel</i>, <i>lor-a-massy</i> and <i>arrah</i> – will be introduced and analysed from a pragmatic perspective.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.p4
417
480
64
Section header
20
01
Part 4. Language contact and variation
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.16fio
417
437
21
Chapter
21
01
Chapter 15. Italian discourse markers and modal particles in contact
1
A01
Ilaria Fiorentini
Fiorentini, Ilaria
Ilaria
Fiorentini
University of Bologna
20
bilingual speech
20
discourse markers
20
Dolomitic Ladin
20
language contact
01
The paper addresses the issue of the fuzzy boundaries between modal particles (henceforth MPs) and discourse markers (DMs) in a specific language contact situation, namely the Ladin area in Trentino-South Tyrol (Italy). It is still debated whether MPs should be seen as a subtype of DMs or whether they both should be seen as belonging to the more encompassing class of pragmatic markers (cf. Degand, Cornille & Pietrandrea 2013). The aim of this research is to investigate the uncertain and undefined boundaries of these categories in bilingual speech, in order to find out whether bilingual speakers treat DMs and MPs as separated linguistic categories or as a unified one.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.17gor
439
457
19
Chapter
22
01
Chapter 16. Functional markers in llanito code-switching
Regular patterns in Gibraltar’s bilingual speech
1
A01
Eugenio Goria
Goria, Eugenio
Eugenio
Goria
University of Bologna
20
code switching
20
functional markers
20
Gibraltar
20
information structure
20
thetical grammar
01
Several studies have demonstrated that, in situations of language contact, discourse markers, pragmatic markers and modal particles are easily transferable from one language into the other. This contribution tries to examine how does this process take place in bilingual speech, and it discusses data from a corpus of bilingual conversations from Gibraltar. It is argued that switching of discourse and pragmatic markers, as well as modal expressions, is an extremely frequent phenomenon and, more interestingly, that regularities in this process can be found, in the form of regular and recurrent bilingual patterns. These functional elements in fact are shown to behave consistently with each other, allowing to identify class-specific patterns, and with other discourse-relevant entities such as left dislocations and pseudo-clefts.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.18bee
459
480
22
Chapter
23
01
Chapter 17. Just a suggestion
<i>just/e</i> in French and English
1
A01
Kate Beeching
Beeching, Kate
Kate
Beeching
University of the West of England, Bristol
20
contrastive analysis
20
intensifier
20
language contact
20
mitigator
20
pragmatic borrowing
01
This article aims to illustrate what a contrastive perspective, combined with sociolinguistic and corpus approaches, can bring to the investigation of the evolution of pragmatic functions which emerge through language contact (Ingham 2012a) and pragmatic borrowing (Andersen 2014). A recent collection of articles (Lauwers, Vanderbauwhede & Verleyen (eds) 2012) draws attention to the light which cognate forms and ‘false friends’ can shed on pragmaticalisation and semantic change. Sociolinguistic studies drawing on corpora of spoken interaction, which are tagged for demographic features, particularly speakers’ age and gender, coupled with modified matched-guise attitudinal studies, show that the use of new functions of pragmaticalising items reflects the incrementation model, posited by Labov (2001), with concomitant indexical obsolescence (Eckert 2014) of the older functions. The approach is illustrated for <i>juste/just</i>, and the conclusions confirm Dostie’s (2009) thesis that items whose meaning predisposes them to become pragmaticalised may do so to a greater extent in one region/language than in another.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.ai
481
486
6
Miscellaneous
24
01
Author index
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.li
487
488
2
Miscellaneous
25
01
Language index
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.si
489
492
4
Miscellaneous
26
01
Subject index
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.pre
ix
1
Miscellaneous
27
01
Preface
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20171113
2017
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027259516
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
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298016543
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
SLCS 186 Hb
15
9789027259516
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2017014780
BB
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SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
186
01
Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles
New perspectives
01
slcs.186
01
https://benjamins.com
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https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.186
1
B01
Chiara Fedriani
Fedriani, Chiara
Chiara
Fedriani
University of Genoa
2
B01
Andrea Sansó
Sansó, Andrea
Andrea
Sansó
University of Insubria
01
eng
502
ix
492
LAN009060
v.2006
CFK
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This book offers new perspectives into the description of the form, meaning and function of Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles in a number of different languages, along with new methods for identifying their ‘prototypical’ instances in situated language contexts, often based on cross-linguistic comparisons. The papers collected in this volume also discuss different factors at play in processes of grammaticalization and pragmaticalization, which include contact-induced change and pragmatic borrowing, socio-interactional functional pressures and sociopragmatic indexicalities, constraints of cognitive processing, together with regularities in semantic change. Putting the traditional issues concerning the status, delimitation and categorization of Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles somewhat off the stage, the eighteen articles collected in this volume deal instead with general questions concerning the development and use of such procedural elements, explored from different approaches, both formal and functional, and from a variety of perspectives – including corpus-based, sociolinguistic, and contrastive perspectives – and offering language-specific synchronic and diachronic studies.
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slcs.186.001pre
ix
1
Miscellaneous
1
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Preface
10
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slcs.186.01fed
1
33
33
Chapter
2
01
Introduction. Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles
What do we know and where do we go from here?
1
A01
Chiara Fedriani
Fedriani, Chiara
Chiara
Fedriani
University of Genoa
2
A01
Andrea Sansó
Sansó, Andrea
Andrea
Sansó
University of Insubria
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.p1
37
167
131
Section header
3
01
Part 1. General theoretical questions and quantitative approaches
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.02mas
37
69
33
Chapter
4
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Chapter 1. The emergence of Hebrew <i>loydea / loydat</i> (‘I dunno <sc>masc/fem</sc> ’) from interaction
Blurring the boundaries between discourse marker, pragmatic marker, and modal particle
1
A01
Yael Maschler
Maschler, Yael
Yael
Maschler
University of Haifa
20
discourse markers
20
grammaticization
20
Hebrew
20
mental verb constructions
01
A general approach to discourse markers is sketched through an analysis which approaches grammar as emerging in interaction and coming into being through mundane language use (Hopper 1987, 2011). The study continues work on mental verb constructions in a variety of languages. By analyzing all 191 tokens of the (<sc>subj</sc>)-<sc>neg</sc>-<sc>pred</sc> construction of the Hebrew mental verb <i>yada</i> (‘know’) employed throughout audio-recordings of over 7.5 hours of Hebrew casual interactional data, I trace the route of this construction’s gravitation towards the discourse marker <i>loydea / loydat</i> (‘I dunno <sc>masc/fem</sc>’). I argue that employment of the construction is highly formulaic, not necessarily epistemic, and that its uses are closely tied to its prosodic, morphophonological and syntactic properties, to its position within the ongoing turn and sequence, and to the particular activities in which participants engage in interaction. Based on a mostly synchronic analysis of the data, I suggest two grammaticization paths leading to employment of this construction as a discourse marker. This is then supported with some diachronic evidence. The study of Hebrew <i>loydea / loydat</i> (‘I dunno <sc>masc/fem</sc>’) shows that the boundaries between the three categories of discourse marker, pragmatic marker, and modal particle can be rather blurred.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.03bol
71
98
28
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 2. Towards a model for discourse marker annotation
From potential to feature-based discourse markers
1
A01
Catherine T. Bolly
Bolly, Catherine T.
Catherine T.
Bolly
University of Cologne/ Université catholique de Louvain
2
A01
Ludivine Crible
Crible, Ludivine
Ludivine
Crible
Université catholique de Louvain
3
A01
Liesbeth Degand
Degand, Liesbeth
Liesbeth
Degand
Université catholique de Louvain
4
A01
Deniz Uygur-Distexhe
Uygur-Distexhe, Deniz
Deniz
Uygur-Distexhe
Université catholique de Louvain
20
corpus
20
discourse marker
20
multifactorial analysis
20
spoken French
01
This chapter presents an empirical method for the identification and annotation of discourse markers (DMs) in in spontaneous spoken French (MDMA project). Central to the proposal is the assumption that DMs may be described as clusters of features that, in specific patterns of combination, allow to distinguish DM use from other linguistic items fulfilling a non-propositional function, such as modal particles or pragmatic markers. The hypothesis underlying the annotation experiment is that the analysis of the distributional constraints imposed on specific markers should uncover reliable features for the identification and categorization of DMs. Multivariate statistics suggest a certain hierarchy between the different features under scrutiny, regarding their relevance and reliability, in the process of identifying DMs in context.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.04cri
99
124
26
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 3. Towards an operational category of discourse markers
A definition and its model
1
A01
Ludivine Crible
Crible, Ludivine
Ludivine
Crible
Université catholique de Louvain
20
annotation protocol
20
bilingual corpus
20
corpus-based pragmatics
20
discourse markers
20
linguistic categorization
01
The field of discourse markers (DMs) studies suffers from lack of consensus on the limits and definition of the category. There seems to be a crucial need for onomasiological studies that account for every kind of DM in cross-linguistic data. This study presents a proposal for an operational, corpus-based definition of DMs that addresses several theoretical and methodological shortcomings in the field. I claim that any categorical definition is only useful insofar as it is endorsed by an empirical model of identification and annotation. Such a model will be described and illustrated by relevant authentic examples from a pilot study on a comparable corpus of French and English interviews.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.05gou
125
150
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 4. A corpus-based approach to functional markers in Greek
Exploring the role of position
1
A01
Dionysis Goutsos
Goutsos, Dionysis
Dionysis
Goutsos
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
20
corpora
20
functional markers
20
grammaticalization
20
Greek
20
position
01
The paper attempts to explore the role of position in Greek by examining how positional preferences for markers correlate with their functions in the language. A large number of these items are investigated in four sub-corpora of academic texts, newspaper opinion articles, Parliament speeches and radio and TV interviews (1 million words in total), drawn from the <i>Corpus of Greek Texts</i>. The findings suggest that items that can be described as discourse and pragmatic markers are attracted by first position, whereas modal markers tend to appear in third position and second position is reserved for grammaticalized items. The corpus-based approach followed seems to offer a useful means of delimiting the broad class of items involved in Greek.
10
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JB code
slcs.186.06cos
151
167
17
Chapter
8
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Chapter 5. Discourse markers and discourse relations
The French DM <i>quoi</i>
1
A01
Adriana Costăchescu
Costăchescu, Adriana
Adriana
Costăchescu
University of Craiova
20
dialogue
20
discourse markers
20
rhetorical relations
20
SDRT
01
We investigate if and how Discourse Markers (DMs) can be integrated into a dynamic semantic framework (in the SDRT variant, cf. Asher & Lascarides 2003, 2008, 2009) in order to study the relationships between discursive markers and rhetoric relations in a dialogue. We assume that short answers (Schlangen & Lascarides 2003) and DMs have the same basic characteristics: (i) both are semantically under-specified; (ii) in both cases, the receiver adds, by deduction, significant elements, in order to narrow, or even eliminate the semantic under-specification. We illustrate the possibility of integrating the DMs in the SDRT by examining the behaviour of the French DM <i>quoi</i> ‘what’ in a corpus in expressing rhetorical relations, such as: <br /> <br /><br /> <i>Explanation</i>(α, β) (A: – <i>Le curé est arrivé à pied, ou <b>quoi</b> </i>? B: – <i>Il est venu dans la voiture de Mathurin</i>. ‘A : – The priest arrived on foot, or <b>what?</b> B: – He came in Mathurin’s car’) <br /><br /> <i>Contrast</i>(α, β) (A: – <i>Je vais attendre</i>. B: <i>- Attendre <b>quoi</b>? Ils viennent de sortir</i>. ‘A : I am going to wait. B: – <b>What for</b>? They have just left’); <br /><br /> <i>Phatic</i>(α, β), when the channel is not functioning (A: -<i>Coco</i>! B (who is hard of hearing): – <b> <i>Quoi</i> </b>? A: (screaming) – <i>Ils te disent au revoir</i>. ‘A: – Coco! B : -<b>What</b>? A: – They are saying ‘good bye’ to you’). <br /> <br />The study of DMs within SDRT tells us a lot about the deductive processes implied by the good functioning the human communication.
10
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JB code
slcs.186.p2
171
254
84
Section header
9
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Part 2. The status of modal particles
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.07abr
171
202
32
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 6. Modal particles and Verum focus
New corollaries
1
A01
Werner Abraham
Abraham, Werner
Werner
Abraham
University of Vienna/ Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
01
The paper pursues two goals: first, comparing the behavior of speech act adverbials with modal particles, and second, the kinship of verum focus and modal particles with respect to their function in discourse. I explore the main difference between German(ic) grammatical modal particles and lexical discourse markers in other, non-Germanic, languages: By using modal particles in a core-grammatical sentence <i>p</i>, the speaker’s utterance of <i>p</i> sets up a thematic common ground with the further disposition that this temporarily final common ground is to be negotiated (agreed upon or challenged and, upon the addressee’s reaction, changed) with the addressee. Lexical correspondents to modal particles do not establish such a common ground and, therefore, do not invite, in an implicit fashion, the addressee’s appropriate reaction to the common ground. It is claimed that this type of grammatical modal particle is typically endorsed by <sc>v</sc>2-Vlast of German (and Dutch).
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.08squ
203
228
26
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 7. Italian non-canonical negations as modal particles
Information state, polarity and mirativity
1
A01
Mario Squartini
Squartini, Mario
Mario
Squartini
Università di Torino
20
direct questions
20
given/new
20
mirativity
20
negation
01
This chapter will focus on the role of information state as a major factor in the development of modal particles derived from negative minimizers. By capitalizing on previous research on Romance non-canonical negations (see especially Schwenter 2003, 2005, 2006), the analysis will describe the special discursive function of the Italian negative operator <i>mica</i> (etym. ‘crumb’) in direct questions, where the textual dynamics ‘given’ vs. ‘new’ interacts with the speaker’s mirative reactions. The occurrence of distinct regional patterns in the use of <i>mica</i> in direct questions indicates different combinations of polarity with the mirative role of the speaker, who, apart from managing information flow, also reacts to unexpected information by matching previous knowledge with new information acquired in discourse.
10
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JB code
slcs.186.09kre
229
254
26
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 8. A format for the description of German modal particles and their functional equivalents in Croatian and English
1
A01
Marijana Kresić
Kresić, Marijana
Marijana
Kresić
University of Zadar
2
A01
Mia Batinić Angster
Angster, Mia Batinić
Mia Batinić
Angster
University of Zadar
3
A01
Gabriele Diewald
Diewald, Gabriele
Gabriele
Diewald
Leibniz University Hannover
20
basic meaning
20
contrastive analysis
20
corpus analysis
20
modal particles
20
sentence types
01
This paper presents a format for a cross-linguistic, corpus-based description of the formal features and the function of modal particles (hereafter: abbreviated as MPs) and their equivalents in German, Croatian and English. We define the word category of MPs for the Croatian language and propose a shared, pragmatic function of these particles in a cross-linguistic perspective. The starting point for the comparative analysis is the pragmatic function of German MPs, i.e. a specific discourse grammatical function which consists in anchoring the utterance in an assumed dialogic setting as the second turn, thus being set off from discourse marking elements as well as from text-connective elements in the narrow sense (cf. Diewald 2007, 2013; Diewald et al. 2009, see also Sections 1 and 2.1.2). Particle meanings are described in terms of the speaker’s assumptions about a state of affairs in the context of the communication (cf. Kresić & Batinić 2014). The proposed method for the lexicographic description of particle meanings in a cross-linguistic perspective encompasses their central features on the levels of morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
10
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JB code
slcs.186.p3
257
397
141
Section header
13
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Part 3. Language-specific and diachronic studies
10
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JB code
slcs.186.10kle
257
287
31
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 9. Vocatives as a source category for pragmatic markers
From deixis to discourse marking via affectivity
1
A01
Friederike Kleinknecht
Kleinknecht, Friederike
Friederike
Kleinknecht
Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
2
A01
Miguel Souza
Souza, Miguel
Miguel
Souza
University of Mainz
20
affectivity
20
development of discourse markers
20
expressivity
20
solidarity
20
vocatives
01
This paper considers familiarizers, a special class of vocatives denoting solidarity and intimacy, as possible sources for pragmatic markers and discourse markers. We argue that affectivity plays a crucial role in the use of vocatives in general and especially in this functional development. More precisely, terms of address have the potential to intensify the affectivity displayed by the speaker. In this quality, they may be employed as linguistic strategies to enhance the expressive and illocutionary force of utterances. These expressive uses may be the source of several more peculiar functions related to turn and information management. While this holds for familiarizers as well as for vocatives in general, not interferring with the deictic force of addressing contained in the vocative form, in several languages there are familiarizers which undergo an inflationary use and end up as mere elements of discourse marking, emphasizing and delimiting sequential units such as turns, utterances, and intonation units. The deictic reference to the collocutor is virtually lost, which is shown by the typical fossilization of the masculine singular form in the newly derived functions. We illustrate this development with vocative-based markers in different languages with special focus on the familiarizers <i>güey</i> in Mexican Spanish and <i>alter</i> in German. Although their sociopragmatic indexicalities are far from identical, this comparative approach reveals some interesting similarities. In our view, a definition as ‘pragmatic markers’ is justified for vocative-based markers at any point of their evolution, while the term ‘discourse marker’ should be restricted to functions that are no longer directly inferable from the vocative’s deictic and expressive qualities.
10
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slcs.186.11maz
289
304
16
Chapter
15
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Chapter 10. Paths of development of English DMs
(Inter)subjectification, deontic reversal and other stories
1
A01
Gabriella Mazzon
Mazzon, Gabriella
Gabriella
Mazzon
University of Innsbruck
20
face-threat
20
intersubjectivity
20
mitigation
20
politeness
20
reversal
01
Starting from notions of conversational dominance as a locus for face-work, and of the crucial role of specific language items in managing conflict and (dis)agreement in dialogue, the paper will look at some case studies in the development and pragmaticalization stages of various English Discourse Markers (such as <i>now, pray, please, I’m afraid</i>, and <i>well</i>). Beginning with the source forms, the paper will discuss the gradual emergence of subjective and intersubjective meanings, as well as the phenomenon of layering and the tendency toward the development of deontic meanings that some English discourse markers show, possibly indicating a form of cyclical development of functions. The specific case studies presented include both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.12shi
305
333
29
Chapter
16
01
Chapter 11. Grammaticalization of PMs/DMs/MMs in Japanese
1
A01
Rumiko Shinzato
Shinzato, Rumiko
Rumiko
Shinzato
Georgia Institute of Technology
20
(inter)subjectivity
20
core
20
Japanese
20
layered structures
20
periphery
01
This paper discusses the source lexemes and the grammaticalization pathways leading to such end products as Discourse Markers (DMs), Modal Markers (MMs), and Pragmatic Markers (PMs) in relation to the layered structures of Japanese syntax, as well as issues of left/right peripheries (LP/RP). It points out that DMs and MMs are categorically parallel, but PMs are not. Further, source lexemes for DMs and MMs show the preferred directionality of positional shifts based on their semantic characters. PMs source items remain within the Core. The function-periphery mappings in Japanese support Beeching & Detges’ (2014) function-periphery asymmetry hypothesis as general tendencies, but also deviate from it as LP and RP are both subjective and intersubjective, reflecting the symmetrical layered structure.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.13ram
335
367
33
Chapter
17
01
Chapter 12. Dubitative-corrective constructions in Italian
1
A01
Anna Giacalone Ramat
Giacalone Ramat, Anna
Anna
Giacalone Ramat
University of Pavia
2
A01
Caterina Mauri
Mauri, Caterina
Caterina
Mauri
University of Bologna
3
A01
Andrea Sansó
Sansó, Andrea
Andrea
Sansó
University of Insubria
20
conditional constructions
20
dubitative-corrective constructions
20
mitigation
20
scalar constructions
01
This paper investigates the properties of a set of poorly described Italian constructions characterized, at the same time, by (i) a dubitative component, challenging a presupposition generated by the preceding context and (ii) a corrective function. These constructions revolve around four adverbial elements (<i>al massimo</i>, <i>al limite</i>, <i>tutt’al più</i> and <i>caso mai</i>) that have other functions besides the dubitative-corrective one. The analysis will illustrate how their dubitative-corrective function emerges in specific discourse configurations and will discuss their further pragmatic uses as mitigators, which appear to be crucially connected to the dubitative component. The theoretical implications of the analysis concern the definition itself of dubitative-corrective construction and the role of dialogical contexts in the development of a dubitative-corrective function. It will be shown that the constructions in question, though sharing a dubitative-corrective function, differ in various respects. These differences can be traced back to their different diachronic sources, namely a scalar construction for <i>al massimo</i>, <i>al limite</i>, and <i>tutt’al più</i>, and a conditional construction in the case of <i>caso mai</i>. The evolutionary paths leading from these source constructions to dubitative-corrective constructions present a different configuration, whereby the dubitative function emerges after the corrective function in the case of elements originally participating in a scalar construction (<i>al limite, al massimo, tutt’al più</i>) while in the development of <i>caso mai</i> the simple dubitative function precedes the dubitative-corrective one.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.14ada
369
397
29
Chapter
18
01
Chapter 13. On the pragmatic expansion of Polish <i>gdzieś tam</i> ‘somewhere (there)/about’
1
A01
Magdalena Adamczyk
Adamczyk, Magdalena
Magdalena
Adamczyk
University of Zielona Góra
20
(non-)canonical use of language
20
(non-)propositional meaning
20
discourse markers
20
hedges/hedging
01
In standard usage <i>gdzieś tam</i> functions as an adverbial adding approximation/indeterminacy to expressions of place, time and number/amount/measure, and as such it is semantically equivalent to English ‘somewhere (there) in some contexts and ‘about’ in others. In conversational speech, however, its use sometimes diverges, more or less markedly, from the standard one, which is manifested both formally and functionally. The present study sets out to examine, locally, the lexico-syntactic cotext of <i>gdzieś tam</i> (to see how it differs depending on whether the expression is used conventionally or otherwise) and, globally, novel, context-sensitive functions that the phrase is capable of performing in a communicative act. A broader issue the paper attempts to address is the extent, if any, to which the canonical meaning of <i>gdzieś tam</i> is reflected in the pragmatically expanded use of the expression.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.15giu
399
413
15
Chapter
19
01
Chapter 14. A pragmatic approach to Joseph Wright’s <i>English Dialect Dictionary</i>
Discourse markers in focus
1
A01
Stephan Giuliani
Giuliani, Stephan
Stephan
Giuliani
University of Innsbruck
20
dialectology
20
discourse markers
20
English Dialect Dictionary
20
historical pragmatics
20
non-standard English varieties
01
Joseph Wright’s <i>English Dialect Dictionary</i> (<i>EDD</i>; 1898–1905) represents a landmark publication in Late Modern English dialectology. This article explores the potential of the <i>EDD</i> and its digital version (<i>EDD Online</i>) for historical pragmatic research and discusses essential theoretical and methodological considerations that arise from taking a pragmatic approach towards this complex historical document of non-standard English varieties. Besides traditional lexicographic information, the <i>EDD</i> also contains evidence of a great variety of different dialectal documents that are written to mimic spoken language. Three exemplary discourse markers (DM) – <i>aweel</i>, <i>lor-a-massy</i> and <i>arrah</i> – will be introduced and analysed from a pragmatic perspective.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.p4
417
480
64
Section header
20
01
Part 4. Language contact and variation
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.16fio
417
437
21
Chapter
21
01
Chapter 15. Italian discourse markers and modal particles in contact
1
A01
Ilaria Fiorentini
Fiorentini, Ilaria
Ilaria
Fiorentini
University of Bologna
20
bilingual speech
20
discourse markers
20
Dolomitic Ladin
20
language contact
01
The paper addresses the issue of the fuzzy boundaries between modal particles (henceforth MPs) and discourse markers (DMs) in a specific language contact situation, namely the Ladin area in Trentino-South Tyrol (Italy). It is still debated whether MPs should be seen as a subtype of DMs or whether they both should be seen as belonging to the more encompassing class of pragmatic markers (cf. Degand, Cornille & Pietrandrea 2013). The aim of this research is to investigate the uncertain and undefined boundaries of these categories in bilingual speech, in order to find out whether bilingual speakers treat DMs and MPs as separated linguistic categories or as a unified one.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.17gor
439
457
19
Chapter
22
01
Chapter 16. Functional markers in llanito code-switching
Regular patterns in Gibraltar’s bilingual speech
1
A01
Eugenio Goria
Goria, Eugenio
Eugenio
Goria
University of Bologna
20
code switching
20
functional markers
20
Gibraltar
20
information structure
20
thetical grammar
01
Several studies have demonstrated that, in situations of language contact, discourse markers, pragmatic markers and modal particles are easily transferable from one language into the other. This contribution tries to examine how does this process take place in bilingual speech, and it discusses data from a corpus of bilingual conversations from Gibraltar. It is argued that switching of discourse and pragmatic markers, as well as modal expressions, is an extremely frequent phenomenon and, more interestingly, that regularities in this process can be found, in the form of regular and recurrent bilingual patterns. These functional elements in fact are shown to behave consistently with each other, allowing to identify class-specific patterns, and with other discourse-relevant entities such as left dislocations and pseudo-clefts.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.18bee
459
480
22
Chapter
23
01
Chapter 17. Just a suggestion
<i>just/e</i> in French and English
1
A01
Kate Beeching
Beeching, Kate
Kate
Beeching
University of the West of England, Bristol
20
contrastive analysis
20
intensifier
20
language contact
20
mitigator
20
pragmatic borrowing
01
This article aims to illustrate what a contrastive perspective, combined with sociolinguistic and corpus approaches, can bring to the investigation of the evolution of pragmatic functions which emerge through language contact (Ingham 2012a) and pragmatic borrowing (Andersen 2014). A recent collection of articles (Lauwers, Vanderbauwhede & Verleyen (eds) 2012) draws attention to the light which cognate forms and ‘false friends’ can shed on pragmaticalisation and semantic change. Sociolinguistic studies drawing on corpora of spoken interaction, which are tagged for demographic features, particularly speakers’ age and gender, coupled with modified matched-guise attitudinal studies, show that the use of new functions of pragmaticalising items reflects the incrementation model, posited by Labov (2001), with concomitant indexical obsolescence (Eckert 2014) of the older functions. The approach is illustrated for <i>juste/just</i>, and the conclusions confirm Dostie’s (2009) thesis that items whose meaning predisposes them to become pragmaticalised may do so to a greater extent in one region/language than in another.
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.ai
481
486
6
Miscellaneous
24
01
Author index
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.li
487
488
2
Miscellaneous
25
01
Language index
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.si
489
492
4
Miscellaneous
26
01
Subject index
10
01
JB code
slcs.186.pre
ix
1
Miscellaneous
27
01
Preface
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20171113
2017
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
08
1030
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
01
WORLD
US CA MX
21
11
10
01
02
JB
1
00
99.00
EUR
R
02
02
JB
1
00
104.94
EUR
R
01
JB
10
bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
03
GB
21
10
02
02
JB
1
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
JB
2
John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
01
US CA MX
21
1
10
01
gen
02
JB
1
00
149.00
USD