219-7677
10
7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
201711101359
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
552017974
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
SLCS 191 Eb
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9789027264725
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SLCS
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0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
191
01
Cross-linguistic Correspondences
From lexis to genre
01
slcs.191
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.191
1
B01
Thomas Egan
Egan, Thomas
Thomas
Egan
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
2
B01
Hildegunn Dirdal
Dirdal, Hildegunn
Hildegunn
Dirdal
University of Oslo
01
eng
306
vii
295
LAN009000
v.2006
CFX
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.CORP
Corpus linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
Contrastive Linguistics is an expanding field, as witnessed by the publication in recent years of an increasing number of monographs, collected volumes and journal articles. The present volume, which comprises an introduction and ten chapters dealing with lexical contrasts between English and other languages, shows advances within the well-established lexical work in the field. Each of the chapters takes lexical items as its starting point and compares English with one or more languages. The languages represented are Spanish, Lithuanian, Swedish, German, Norwegian and Czech. Furthermore, they emphasise the link between lexis and grammar, not only within the same language, but also across languages. Finally, several studies represent one of the more recent developments of contrastive linguistics, namely a growing focus on genre and register comparisons. The book should appeal to both established scholars and advanced students with an interest in lexis, genre, corpus linguistics and/or contrastive linguistics.
05
Here then is a very welcome state of the art book on contrastive linguistics, a three-tier corpus-based contribution testifying to the widening of the field, with a focus on lexicon, phrases, and genre. It will contribute both to the theoretical and the applied dimensions of the field, and to our understanding of individual languages and of the differences between them.
Johan van der Auwera, University of Antwerp
05
The book provides a welcome overview of corpus-based contrastive studies in lexis and phraseology covering lexical and structural patterns in areas such as space as well as lexis in a contrastive and genre perspective.
Karin Aijmer, University of Gothenburg
04
09
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Miscellaneous
1
01
Acknowledgements
10
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JB code
slcs.191.01ega
1
34
34
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 1. Lexis in contrast today
1
A01
Thomas Egan
Egan, Thomas
Thomas
Egan
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
2
A01
Hildegunn Dirdal
Dirdal, Hildegunn
Hildegunn
Dirdal
University of Oslo
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.p1
37
145
109
Section header
3
01
Part One. The level of lexis
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.02vib
37
74
38
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 2. <sc>Saying, talking</sc> and <sc>telling</sc>
Basic verbal communication verbs in Swedish and English
1
A01
Åke Viberg
Viberg, Åke
Åke
Viberg
Uppsala University
01
This study compares the major Verbal Communication Verbs (VCVs) in English <i>say, tell, speak</i> and <i>talk</i> with their Swedish correspondents <i>säga, berätta, tala</i> and <i>prata</i>. The analysis is based on data from the English–Swedish Parallel Corpus. The semantic and functional description of the verbs is based on the theory of semantic frames and on speech act theory. The verbs are used primarily to report speech, but <i>say</i> and <i>tell</i> and Swedish <i>säga</i> are used also metalinguistically as a commentary on the current discourse as it unfolds. In English, <i>talk</i> and <i>speak</i> turn out to have a wide range of uses that are divided up in a different way in Swedish, whereas <i>tala</i> has many language-specific uses in Swedish. <i>Tell</i> has two major semantic correspondents in Swedish, <i>berätta</i>, which is used to report a complex sequence of events or facts, and the particle verb <i>tala om</i>, which tends to report a single fact. However, <i>tell</i> has a rather general meaning and the most frequent translation is actually <i>säga</i> ‘say’. That <i>tell</i> lacks a direct equivalent in Swedish also explains why <i>tell</i> turns out to be significantly underrepresented in English texts that are translated from Swedish in comparison to original English texts. Genre-based differences are also discussed. For example, not only are <i>say</i> and <i>säga</i> much more frequent in fiction than in non-fiction, but the uses are also distributed differently.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.03cer
75
96
22
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 3. Expressing <sc>place</sc> in children’s literature
Testing the limits of the n-gram method in contrastive linguistics
1
A01
Anna Čermáková
Čermáková, Anna
Anna
Čermáková
Charles University
2
A01
Lucie Chlumská
Chlumská, Lucie
Lucie
Chlumská
Charles University
01
Place, as one of the most basic semantic categories, plays an important role in children’s literature. This contrastive corpus-based study aims to examine and compare how <sc>place</sc>, in its widest sense, is expressed in children’s literature in English and Czech. The study is data driven and the main methodological approach taken is through n-gram extraction. At the same time, it aims to further test the method, which in previous applications in contrastive analysis has raised a number of methodological issues: while giving reassuring results when applied to typologically closer languages, it proves to be challenging in the study of typologically different languages, such as English and Czech. The second objective of this study is therefore to further address these issues and explore the potential of this methodology. The analysis is based on both comparable and parallel corpora: comparable corpora of English and Czech children’s literature and a parallel corpus of English children’s literature and its translations into Czech.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.04has
97
120
24
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 4. Lexical patterns of <sc>place</sc> in English and Norwegian
1
A01
Hilde Hasselgård
Hasselgård, Hilde
Hilde
Hasselgård
University of Oslo
01
This paper presents a contrastive analysis of the English noun <i>place</i> and the corresponding Norwegian nouns <i>plass</i> and <i>sted</i>. The study involves two stages. First the patterns of cross-linguistic correspondences of the nouns are established by means of translational data from the English–Norwegian Parallel Corpus. The correspondence patterns reveal both differences and commonalities between the words. Secondly, recurrent lexical bundles involving <i>place, sted</i>, and <i>plass</i> are investigated in order to discover their selectional preferences. The combined approach to the meanings and usage patterns of the words show the two Norwegian nouns to be almost in complementary distribution in many of their patterns. <i>Place</i> is broader in its meaning and shares senses and uses with both of the Norwegian nouns, although in certain contexts <i>sted/plass</i> correspond to different nouns (e.g. <i>room</i> or <i>space</i>), or to adverbs in -<i>where</i>. Certain idiomatic expressions are similar across the languages, but non-literal uses typically do not correspond to a spatial expression in the other language.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.05ega
121
146
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 5. <sc>locative</sc> <i>at</i> seen through its Swedish and Norwegian equivalents
1
A01
Thomas Egan
Egan, Thomas
Thomas
Egan
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
2
A01
Gudrun Rawoens
Rawoens, Gudrun
Gudrun
Rawoens
Artevelde University College
01
<i>At</i> is commonly understood to be one of three basic topological prepositions in English, the other two being <i>in</i> and <i>on</i>. While there are close equivalents in Swedish and Norwegian to both <i>in</i> and <i>on</i>, this is not the case for <i>at</i>. This chapter investigates the choices made by both Swedish and Norwegian translators of physical location predications containing <i>at</i>. It investigates whether the Swedish and Norwegian translation correspondences of the English preposition can aid us in mapping its semantic network. The corpus data for the study comprise all tokens of <i>at</i> coding physical location in the English original fiction texts found in both the English–Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC) and the English–Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC). Roughly 25% of these tokens are translated into Swedish and Norwegian by the <i>on</i> preposition (<i>på/på</i>), 25% by the <i>in</i> preposition (<i>i/i</i>) and 25% by the <i>by</i> preposition (<i>vid/ved</i>). Some 12% are translated by other prepositions and the remainder by divergent constructions. The analysis of these translation correspondences leads to the proposal of a semantic network for <i>at</i>.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.p2
149
217
69
Section header
8
01
Part Two. The level of structure
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.06lev
149
176
28
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 6. Premodification in translation
English hyphenated premodifiers in fiction and their translations into German and Swedish
1
A01
Magnus Levin
Levin, Magnus
Magnus
Levin
Linnaeus University
2
A01
Jenny Ström Herold
Ström Herold, Jenny
Jenny
Ström Herold
Linnaeus University
01
The present study concerns English hyphenated premodifiers translated into German and Swedish. The material was collected from the fiction part of the English–Swedish Parallel Corpus and the Oslo Multilingual Corpus, and includes almost 700 instances of translations into both German and Swedish, as well as 500 instances each of translations from German and Swedish into English. In the material, hyphenated premodifiers come in many different forms. However, they are mostly short, often containing nominal heads (<i>head-office (man)</i>), <i>ed</i>-participles (<i>water-filled (ditches)</i>) or adjectives (<i>gray-green (tweed)</i>), and only a few are longer, creative hapaxes ((<i>her) “take-me-seriously-or-I’ll-sue-you” (demeanor)</i>). The translations into English contain less variation than English originals, as predicted by translation theory. When the premodifiers are translated into German and Swedish they are often restructured, and only half are translated into German and Swedish premodifiers. German and Swedish premodifying compound adjectives/participles are the most frequent equivalents of English hyphenated premodifiers. More complex English premodifiers are often rendered as postmodifiers in German and Swedish. As could be expected from the preferred noun-phrase structures in German and Swedish, German translations have a (slightly) stronger preference for premodification (e.g., <i>the all-embracing unit</i> → <i>die alles umschließende Einheit</i>), while Swedish (slightly) more often uses postmodifying clauses and prepositional phrases (<i>fifteen-year-old schoolgirls</i> → <i>skolflickor i femtonårsåldern</i>). German and Swedish postmodifiers are very rarely translated into English hyphenated premodifiers.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.07uso
177
198
22
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 7. Reportive evidentials in English and Lithuanian
What kind of correspondence?
1
A01
Aurelija Usonienė
Usonienė, Aurelija
Aurelija
Usonienė
Vilnius University
2
A01
Audrone Soliene
Soliene, Audrone
Audrone
Soliene
Vilnius University
01
The paper is concerned with lexical realizations of reportive evidentiality (Boye and Harder 2009; Celle 2009; Wiemer 2007; Aikhenvald 2008; Wiemer 2010b; Boye 2012) across different discourse types and languages. Our aim is to see how language specific the realizations and conceptualization of indirect reportive evidentiality are by contrasting the findings of the analysis of the data collected from various monolingual and parallel corpora. One of the purposes of this contrastive analysis is to find out what kind of correspondence one can expect when dealing with the reportive sub-domain of the linguistic category of evidentiality. The analysis is focused on the hearsay adverbs in English (<i>reportedly, allegedly, supposedly</i>) and Lithuanian adverbials <i>neva</i> ‘allegedly’, <i>tariamai</i> ‘supposedly’, <i>esą</i> ‘allegedly’ as well as their bi-directionally established translation correspondences (comment clauses, complement-taking predicates, <i>as</i>-parentheticals, etc.). The present study is corpus-based and makes use of quantitative and qualitative methods of research. The Lithuanian data have been drawn from the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) and from the spoken, news and fiction sub-corpora of the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (CCLL). The English data have been extracted from the British National Corpus (BYU-BNC). To establish translation correspondences between the items under study, a parallel bidirectional fiction corpus ParaCorp<sub>EN-LT-EN</sub>, and a collection of translations from English into Lithuanian of EU documents (Glosbe) have been used. Our findings indicate that both sets of adverbials are mainly used in written language (news and academic discourse in English and news discourse and fiction in Lithuanian); however, there is very weak equivalence in their translation correspondences. The question is raised whether the Lithuanian adverbials can be regarded as reportive evidentials.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.08mal
199
218
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 8. Non-prepositional English correspondences of Czech prepositional phrases
From function words to functional sentence perspective
1
A01
Markéta Malá
Malá, Markéta
Markéta
Malá
Charles University
01
The study explores overt non-prepositional English translation correspondences of the four most common Czech prepositions, <i>v/ve</i>, <i>na</i>, <i>s/se</i>, and <i>z/ze</i> (‘in, on, with, from’). Some of the divergent counterparts are conditioned lexically or peculiar to one preposition. However, some of the most frequent types appear to be quite systematic and associated with the typological differences between the two languages – inflectional Czech and predominantly analytical English. They reveal the consequences of the word-order principles prevalent in the two languages both at phrasal and clausal level. These are particularly prominent where the Czech adverbial prepositional phrase is paralleled by the English subject noun phrase. The clause-initial position of the subject in English coincides with the unmarked position of the theme, i.e. an element which can convey information on the setting or circumstances of the content of the clause. In English the subject therefore tends to assume ‘adverbial’ semantic roles to a much larger extent than in Czech.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.p3
221
295
75
Section header
12
01
Part Three. The level of genre
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.09san
221
252
32
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 9. A corpus-based analysis of genre-specific multi-word combinations
Minutes in English and Spanish
1
A01
Isabel Pizarro Sánchez
Pizarro Sánchez, Isabel
Isabel
Pizarro Sánchez
University of Valladolid
01
English and Spanish minutes both contain two vocabulary sets, one that codifies the ‘field’ and belongs in a given content area, and another that codifies the discursive practices of the genre ‘minutes’. This paper sets out to explore which multi-word combinations can be identified as genre- and step-specific, and what correspondences can be identified across languages. The study draws on an English–Spanish comparable corpus of meeting minutes, tagged on the rhetorical level. A comparable corpus browser with a basic statistic feature has been used to obtain step subcorpora and WordSmith Tools was used to obtain n-grams within rhetorical steps in each language. N-grams were classified as genre-specific, step-specific, field-related, function-word combination or noise. Empirical findings show that for each rhetorical move, irrespective of text ‘field’, a number of n-grams have become readily associated in each of the languages. Since word choice is determined by genre-bound expectations and by context, selections across languages are not obvious and correspondences show different grams and number of grams.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.10sin
253
270
18
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 10. Citations in research writing
The interplay of discipline, culture and expertise
1
A01
Jolanta Šinkūnienė
Šinkūnienė, Jolanta
Jolanta
Šinkūnienė
Vilnius University
01
The paper investigates disciplinary, cultural and genre factors and their influence on citation in research writing. The study is based on literature and linguistics research articles written by Lithuanian and British researchers in their native languages as well as literature and linguistics BA papers written by Lithuanian students in English. The focus of the study is on frequency distribution, syntactic integration and types of citations. The results of the study of research articles confirm clear disciplinary variation in the way citations are employed in research writing. No obvious cultural differences were observed in the analysed expert texts, which points towards discipline as a decisive factor in citational trends in literature and linguistics. Citation trends in linguistic and literature BA papers were similar to a certain extent; however, students who wrote literature papers seem to cite more in the manner of professional writers and thus display more similarity with the conventional citational practices of their field.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.11ror
271
296
26
Chapter
15
01
Chapter 11. Frequency and lexical variation in connector use
1
A01
Sylvi Rørvik
Rørvik, Sylvi
Sylvi
Rørvik
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
01
The present study investigates the frequency and lexical variation in connector use in argumentative texts in English and Norwegian. The concept of ‘connector’ includes adverbial conjuncts and co-ordinating conjunctions, and the material comprises texts by expert and novice (student) writers. The results indicate that conjunctions are more frequent in English expert texts than in the corresponding Norwegian material, but the opposite tendency is found between the novice writers. In terms of lexical variation, there are two main findings. The first is that much of the observed variation is the result of many items being used only once, and the second is that there are a number of cross-linguistic correspondences in the most frequently used lexical items.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.index
297
298
2
Miscellaneous
16
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20171123
2017
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027259561
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
99.00
EUR
R
01
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
149.00
USD
S
741017973
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SLCS 191 Hb
15
9789027259561
13
2017041502
BB
01
SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
191
01
Cross-linguistic Correspondences
From lexis to genre
01
slcs.191
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.191
1
B01
Thomas Egan
Egan, Thomas
Thomas
Egan
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
2
B01
Hildegunn Dirdal
Dirdal, Hildegunn
Hildegunn
Dirdal
University of Oslo
01
eng
306
vii
295
LAN009000
v.2006
CFX
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.CORP
Corpus linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
Contrastive Linguistics is an expanding field, as witnessed by the publication in recent years of an increasing number of monographs, collected volumes and journal articles. The present volume, which comprises an introduction and ten chapters dealing with lexical contrasts between English and other languages, shows advances within the well-established lexical work in the field. Each of the chapters takes lexical items as its starting point and compares English with one or more languages. The languages represented are Spanish, Lithuanian, Swedish, German, Norwegian and Czech. Furthermore, they emphasise the link between lexis and grammar, not only within the same language, but also across languages. Finally, several studies represent one of the more recent developments of contrastive linguistics, namely a growing focus on genre and register comparisons. The book should appeal to both established scholars and advanced students with an interest in lexis, genre, corpus linguistics and/or contrastive linguistics.
05
Here then is a very welcome state of the art book on contrastive linguistics, a three-tier corpus-based contribution testifying to the widening of the field, with a focus on lexicon, phrases, and genre. It will contribute both to the theoretical and the applied dimensions of the field, and to our understanding of individual languages and of the differences between them.
Johan van der Auwera, University of Antwerp
05
The book provides a welcome overview of corpus-based contrastive studies in lexis and phraseology covering lexical and structural patterns in areas such as space as well as lexis in a contrastive and genre perspective.
Karin Aijmer, University of Gothenburg
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.191.png
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027259561.jpg
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vii
viii
2
Miscellaneous
1
01
Acknowledgements
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.01ega
1
34
34
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 1. Lexis in contrast today
1
A01
Thomas Egan
Egan, Thomas
Thomas
Egan
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
2
A01
Hildegunn Dirdal
Dirdal, Hildegunn
Hildegunn
Dirdal
University of Oslo
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.p1
37
145
109
Section header
3
01
Part One. The level of lexis
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.02vib
37
74
38
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 2. <sc>Saying, talking</sc> and <sc>telling</sc>
Basic verbal communication verbs in Swedish and English
1
A01
Åke Viberg
Viberg, Åke
Åke
Viberg
Uppsala University
01
This study compares the major Verbal Communication Verbs (VCVs) in English <i>say, tell, speak</i> and <i>talk</i> with their Swedish correspondents <i>säga, berätta, tala</i> and <i>prata</i>. The analysis is based on data from the English–Swedish Parallel Corpus. The semantic and functional description of the verbs is based on the theory of semantic frames and on speech act theory. The verbs are used primarily to report speech, but <i>say</i> and <i>tell</i> and Swedish <i>säga</i> are used also metalinguistically as a commentary on the current discourse as it unfolds. In English, <i>talk</i> and <i>speak</i> turn out to have a wide range of uses that are divided up in a different way in Swedish, whereas <i>tala</i> has many language-specific uses in Swedish. <i>Tell</i> has two major semantic correspondents in Swedish, <i>berätta</i>, which is used to report a complex sequence of events or facts, and the particle verb <i>tala om</i>, which tends to report a single fact. However, <i>tell</i> has a rather general meaning and the most frequent translation is actually <i>säga</i> ‘say’. That <i>tell</i> lacks a direct equivalent in Swedish also explains why <i>tell</i> turns out to be significantly underrepresented in English texts that are translated from Swedish in comparison to original English texts. Genre-based differences are also discussed. For example, not only are <i>say</i> and <i>säga</i> much more frequent in fiction than in non-fiction, but the uses are also distributed differently.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.03cer
75
96
22
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 3. Expressing <sc>place</sc> in children’s literature
Testing the limits of the n-gram method in contrastive linguistics
1
A01
Anna Čermáková
Čermáková, Anna
Anna
Čermáková
Charles University
2
A01
Lucie Chlumská
Chlumská, Lucie
Lucie
Chlumská
Charles University
01
Place, as one of the most basic semantic categories, plays an important role in children’s literature. This contrastive corpus-based study aims to examine and compare how <sc>place</sc>, in its widest sense, is expressed in children’s literature in English and Czech. The study is data driven and the main methodological approach taken is through n-gram extraction. At the same time, it aims to further test the method, which in previous applications in contrastive analysis has raised a number of methodological issues: while giving reassuring results when applied to typologically closer languages, it proves to be challenging in the study of typologically different languages, such as English and Czech. The second objective of this study is therefore to further address these issues and explore the potential of this methodology. The analysis is based on both comparable and parallel corpora: comparable corpora of English and Czech children’s literature and a parallel corpus of English children’s literature and its translations into Czech.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.04has
97
120
24
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 4. Lexical patterns of <sc>place</sc> in English and Norwegian
1
A01
Hilde Hasselgård
Hasselgård, Hilde
Hilde
Hasselgård
University of Oslo
01
This paper presents a contrastive analysis of the English noun <i>place</i> and the corresponding Norwegian nouns <i>plass</i> and <i>sted</i>. The study involves two stages. First the patterns of cross-linguistic correspondences of the nouns are established by means of translational data from the English–Norwegian Parallel Corpus. The correspondence patterns reveal both differences and commonalities between the words. Secondly, recurrent lexical bundles involving <i>place, sted</i>, and <i>plass</i> are investigated in order to discover their selectional preferences. The combined approach to the meanings and usage patterns of the words show the two Norwegian nouns to be almost in complementary distribution in many of their patterns. <i>Place</i> is broader in its meaning and shares senses and uses with both of the Norwegian nouns, although in certain contexts <i>sted/plass</i> correspond to different nouns (e.g. <i>room</i> or <i>space</i>), or to adverbs in -<i>where</i>. Certain idiomatic expressions are similar across the languages, but non-literal uses typically do not correspond to a spatial expression in the other language.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.05ega
121
146
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 5. <sc>locative</sc> <i>at</i> seen through its Swedish and Norwegian equivalents
1
A01
Thomas Egan
Egan, Thomas
Thomas
Egan
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
2
A01
Gudrun Rawoens
Rawoens, Gudrun
Gudrun
Rawoens
Artevelde University College
01
<i>At</i> is commonly understood to be one of three basic topological prepositions in English, the other two being <i>in</i> and <i>on</i>. While there are close equivalents in Swedish and Norwegian to both <i>in</i> and <i>on</i>, this is not the case for <i>at</i>. This chapter investigates the choices made by both Swedish and Norwegian translators of physical location predications containing <i>at</i>. It investigates whether the Swedish and Norwegian translation correspondences of the English preposition can aid us in mapping its semantic network. The corpus data for the study comprise all tokens of <i>at</i> coding physical location in the English original fiction texts found in both the English–Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC) and the English–Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC). Roughly 25% of these tokens are translated into Swedish and Norwegian by the <i>on</i> preposition (<i>på/på</i>), 25% by the <i>in</i> preposition (<i>i/i</i>) and 25% by the <i>by</i> preposition (<i>vid/ved</i>). Some 12% are translated by other prepositions and the remainder by divergent constructions. The analysis of these translation correspondences leads to the proposal of a semantic network for <i>at</i>.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.p2
149
217
69
Section header
8
01
Part Two. The level of structure
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.06lev
149
176
28
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 6. Premodification in translation
English hyphenated premodifiers in fiction and their translations into German and Swedish
1
A01
Magnus Levin
Levin, Magnus
Magnus
Levin
Linnaeus University
2
A01
Jenny Ström Herold
Ström Herold, Jenny
Jenny
Ström Herold
Linnaeus University
01
The present study concerns English hyphenated premodifiers translated into German and Swedish. The material was collected from the fiction part of the English–Swedish Parallel Corpus and the Oslo Multilingual Corpus, and includes almost 700 instances of translations into both German and Swedish, as well as 500 instances each of translations from German and Swedish into English. In the material, hyphenated premodifiers come in many different forms. However, they are mostly short, often containing nominal heads (<i>head-office (man)</i>), <i>ed</i>-participles (<i>water-filled (ditches)</i>) or adjectives (<i>gray-green (tweed)</i>), and only a few are longer, creative hapaxes ((<i>her) “take-me-seriously-or-I’ll-sue-you” (demeanor)</i>). The translations into English contain less variation than English originals, as predicted by translation theory. When the premodifiers are translated into German and Swedish they are often restructured, and only half are translated into German and Swedish premodifiers. German and Swedish premodifying compound adjectives/participles are the most frequent equivalents of English hyphenated premodifiers. More complex English premodifiers are often rendered as postmodifiers in German and Swedish. As could be expected from the preferred noun-phrase structures in German and Swedish, German translations have a (slightly) stronger preference for premodification (e.g., <i>the all-embracing unit</i> → <i>die alles umschließende Einheit</i>), while Swedish (slightly) more often uses postmodifying clauses and prepositional phrases (<i>fifteen-year-old schoolgirls</i> → <i>skolflickor i femtonårsåldern</i>). German and Swedish postmodifiers are very rarely translated into English hyphenated premodifiers.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.07uso
177
198
22
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 7. Reportive evidentials in English and Lithuanian
What kind of correspondence?
1
A01
Aurelija Usonienė
Usonienė, Aurelija
Aurelija
Usonienė
Vilnius University
2
A01
Audrone Soliene
Soliene, Audrone
Audrone
Soliene
Vilnius University
01
The paper is concerned with lexical realizations of reportive evidentiality (Boye and Harder 2009; Celle 2009; Wiemer 2007; Aikhenvald 2008; Wiemer 2010b; Boye 2012) across different discourse types and languages. Our aim is to see how language specific the realizations and conceptualization of indirect reportive evidentiality are by contrasting the findings of the analysis of the data collected from various monolingual and parallel corpora. One of the purposes of this contrastive analysis is to find out what kind of correspondence one can expect when dealing with the reportive sub-domain of the linguistic category of evidentiality. The analysis is focused on the hearsay adverbs in English (<i>reportedly, allegedly, supposedly</i>) and Lithuanian adverbials <i>neva</i> ‘allegedly’, <i>tariamai</i> ‘supposedly’, <i>esą</i> ‘allegedly’ as well as their bi-directionally established translation correspondences (comment clauses, complement-taking predicates, <i>as</i>-parentheticals, etc.). The present study is corpus-based and makes use of quantitative and qualitative methods of research. The Lithuanian data have been drawn from the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) and from the spoken, news and fiction sub-corpora of the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (CCLL). The English data have been extracted from the British National Corpus (BYU-BNC). To establish translation correspondences between the items under study, a parallel bidirectional fiction corpus ParaCorp<sub>EN-LT-EN</sub>, and a collection of translations from English into Lithuanian of EU documents (Glosbe) have been used. Our findings indicate that both sets of adverbials are mainly used in written language (news and academic discourse in English and news discourse and fiction in Lithuanian); however, there is very weak equivalence in their translation correspondences. The question is raised whether the Lithuanian adverbials can be regarded as reportive evidentials.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.08mal
199
218
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 8. Non-prepositional English correspondences of Czech prepositional phrases
From function words to functional sentence perspective
1
A01
Markéta Malá
Malá, Markéta
Markéta
Malá
Charles University
01
The study explores overt non-prepositional English translation correspondences of the four most common Czech prepositions, <i>v/ve</i>, <i>na</i>, <i>s/se</i>, and <i>z/ze</i> (‘in, on, with, from’). Some of the divergent counterparts are conditioned lexically or peculiar to one preposition. However, some of the most frequent types appear to be quite systematic and associated with the typological differences between the two languages – inflectional Czech and predominantly analytical English. They reveal the consequences of the word-order principles prevalent in the two languages both at phrasal and clausal level. These are particularly prominent where the Czech adverbial prepositional phrase is paralleled by the English subject noun phrase. The clause-initial position of the subject in English coincides with the unmarked position of the theme, i.e. an element which can convey information on the setting or circumstances of the content of the clause. In English the subject therefore tends to assume ‘adverbial’ semantic roles to a much larger extent than in Czech.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.p3
221
295
75
Section header
12
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Part Three. The level of genre
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.09san
221
252
32
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 9. A corpus-based analysis of genre-specific multi-word combinations
Minutes in English and Spanish
1
A01
Isabel Pizarro Sánchez
Pizarro Sánchez, Isabel
Isabel
Pizarro Sánchez
University of Valladolid
01
English and Spanish minutes both contain two vocabulary sets, one that codifies the ‘field’ and belongs in a given content area, and another that codifies the discursive practices of the genre ‘minutes’. This paper sets out to explore which multi-word combinations can be identified as genre- and step-specific, and what correspondences can be identified across languages. The study draws on an English–Spanish comparable corpus of meeting minutes, tagged on the rhetorical level. A comparable corpus browser with a basic statistic feature has been used to obtain step subcorpora and WordSmith Tools was used to obtain n-grams within rhetorical steps in each language. N-grams were classified as genre-specific, step-specific, field-related, function-word combination or noise. Empirical findings show that for each rhetorical move, irrespective of text ‘field’, a number of n-grams have become readily associated in each of the languages. Since word choice is determined by genre-bound expectations and by context, selections across languages are not obvious and correspondences show different grams and number of grams.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.10sin
253
270
18
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 10. Citations in research writing
The interplay of discipline, culture and expertise
1
A01
Jolanta Šinkūnienė
Šinkūnienė, Jolanta
Jolanta
Šinkūnienė
Vilnius University
01
The paper investigates disciplinary, cultural and genre factors and their influence on citation in research writing. The study is based on literature and linguistics research articles written by Lithuanian and British researchers in their native languages as well as literature and linguistics BA papers written by Lithuanian students in English. The focus of the study is on frequency distribution, syntactic integration and types of citations. The results of the study of research articles confirm clear disciplinary variation in the way citations are employed in research writing. No obvious cultural differences were observed in the analysed expert texts, which points towards discipline as a decisive factor in citational trends in literature and linguistics. Citation trends in linguistic and literature BA papers were similar to a certain extent; however, students who wrote literature papers seem to cite more in the manner of professional writers and thus display more similarity with the conventional citational practices of their field.
10
01
JB code
slcs.191.11ror
271
296
26
Chapter
15
01
Chapter 11. Frequency and lexical variation in connector use
1
A01
Sylvi Rørvik
Rørvik, Sylvi
Sylvi
Rørvik
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
01
The present study investigates the frequency and lexical variation in connector use in argumentative texts in English and Norwegian. The concept of ‘connector’ includes adverbial conjuncts and co-ordinating conjunctions, and the material comprises texts by expert and novice (student) writers. The results indicate that conjunctions are more frequent in English expert texts than in the corresponding Norwegian material, but the opposite tendency is found between the novice writers. In terms of lexical variation, there are two main findings. The first is that much of the observed variation is the result of many items being used only once, and the second is that there are a number of cross-linguistic correspondences in the most frequently used lexical items.
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01
JB code
slcs.191.index
297
298
2
Miscellaneous
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Index
02
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20171123
2017
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