819028920
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SLCS 228 Eb
15
9789027254672
06
10.1075/slcs.228
13
2022053223
DG
002
02
01
SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
228
01
Reference
From conventions to pragmatics
01
slcs.228
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.228
1
B01
Laure Gardelle
Gardelle, Laure
Laure
Gardelle
Grenoble Alpes University
2
B01
Laurence Vincent-Durroux
Vincent-Durroux, Laurence
Laurence
Vincent-Durroux
Grenoble Alpes University
3
B01
Hélène Vinckel-Roisin
Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène
Hélène
Vinckel-Roisin
University of Lorraine
01
eng
355
vi
349
LAN009030
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume provides an innovative approach to the referential process thanks to its focus on the relationship between conventions and discourse pragmatics. It brings together a cross-section of current research on referential conventions and pragmatic strategies, in a number of different fields (formal and theoretical linguistics, semantics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, interactional linguistics, natural language processing), in a variety of verbal and non-verbal languages (English, German, different varieties of French, Indonesian, French Belgian Sign Language) and in a diversity of contexts (the coining of names, language acquisition, second language learning, and various genres such as news articles, narratives, satire or game playing). The volume is meant as a series of thought-provoking studies which place speakers and addressees at the core of the referential act, thus providing evidence on how they negotiate and adjust, depending on the context.
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slcs.228.01gar
1
24
24
Chapter
1
01
Speakers, addressees and the referential process
A pragmatic approach
1
A01
Laure Gardelle
Gardelle, Laure
Laure
Gardelle
Université Grenoble Alpes
2
A01
Laurence Vincent-Durroux
Vincent-Durroux, Laurence
Laurence
Vincent-Durroux
Université Grenoble Alpes
3
A01
Hélène Vinckel-Roisin
Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène
Hélène
Vinckel-Roisin
Université de Lorraine (Nancy)
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.p1
25
149
125
Section header
2
01
Part I. New insights into referential conventions
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.02kri
27
51
25
Chapter
3
01
Anaphoric potential of bare nominals, incorporated objects and weak definites in German
Experimental results and theoretical modeling
1
A01
Manfred Krifka
Krifka, Manfred
Manfred
Krifka
Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)
2
A01
Fereshteh Modarresi
Modarresi, Fereshteh
Fereshteh
Modarresi
Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)
20
anaphora
20
bare plurals
20
discourse representation theory
20
incorporation
20
weak definites
01
In many languages, syntactic objects can be realized in a variety of ways, from maximally distinct DPs to morphologically integrated nominal stems. For example, German allows for viele Fische fangen, Fische fangen, am Fischefangen sein, beim Fischfang sein and fischen. We also find strong definite and weak definite DPs, e.g., in das Kino gehen vs. ins Kino gehen, and bare singular nouns such as Zeitung lesen. While the syntactic differences between these examples are obvious, their semantic differences and their functions in discourse are less clear. We present experimental evidence about differences in the likelihood of anaphoric uptake of such expressions. We suggest semantic representations that help explain the options of anaphoric potential of these expressions within a version of Discourse Representation Theory (DRT).
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.03mat
53
70
18
Chapter
4
01
Is ambient it truly non-referential?
1
A01
Élise Mathurin
Mathurin, Élise
Élise
Mathurin
Université de Bretagne Occidentale
20
ambient it
20
ostension
20
pronoun
20
reference
20
weather it
01
This chapter examines the non-referential status frequently ascribed to ambient it (i.e. the pronoun it used with weather verbs and expressions of time and distance). In line with Langacker (2011), I aim to show that this use of the pronoun it is in fact referential. First, I examine the reasons why ambient it is traditionally denied a referential status and propose counter arguments. I then argue that a speaker always conveys a referential intention when using ambient it (frequently accompanied by an ostension gesture). The pointed referent, although completely obvious, is vague and difficult to name and delimit. Finally, I analyze cases that share characteristics with ambient it but that cannot be entirely included in the same category.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.04gar
71
87
17
Chapter
5
01
<i>Lions, flowers</i> and the Romans
Exception management with generic and other count plurals
1
A01
Laure Gardelle
Gardelle, Laure
Laure
Gardelle
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
count plurals
20
exceptions
20
generalizations
20
generics
20
number
01
Research on generic bare plurals has frequently pointed out that even though they refer to the whole class, in characterizing sentences (e.g. birds fly) they commonly license exceptions (Krifka et al. 1995). While quantification and probability models have failed to account for all uses, the present chapter argues that the “generics-as-default” approach of psychologists (e.g. Leslie 2007) provides a more convincing frame. It further argues that generalization does not concern just generic plurals, but also specific ones: plurals convey “homogenization.” The study introduces the key notion of “negligibility” for exception management. Analyses of examples in context show the role of speaker knowledge and beliefs, as well as contextual perspective, in establishing what is negligible or not.
10
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JB code
slcs.228.05dia
89
106
18
Chapter
6
01
Genre and reference chains
From a global to a local approach
1
A01
Dominique Dias
Dias, Dominique
Dominique
Dias
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
coreference
20
genre
20
literary reviews
20
reference chains
01
Many studies have shown that the choice of referential expressions is not only governed by grammatical or cognitive rules but also builds a form of convention that differs from one genre to the next. This paper looks into the relationship between text genre and reference chains, which has been only partially investigated, in order to explain this variation with parameters like the writing strategy or the discursive perspective. Based on a corpus of 80 literary reviews published in French and German newspapers, the study calls for a local approach that shows how the writing strategy involves referents in processes that have an influence on the chains. The local approach also points out how editorial or cultural habits can question conventions.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.06fed
107
126
20
Chapter
7
01
A linear approach of chain composition
A
linear approach of chain composition
1
A01
Silvia Federzoni
Federzoni, Silvia
Silvia
Federzoni
Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS
2
A01
Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac
Ho-Dac, Lydia-Mai
Lydia-Mai
Ho-Dac
Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS
3
A01
Cécile Fabre
Fabre, Cécile
Cécile
Fabre
Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS
20
coreference chains
20
corpus-based analysis
20
linear approach
01
This corpus-based approach to coreference chains analyzes recurrences in the patterns of chains, providing new insights into conventions or preferences in the forms of referential expressions. By taking into account the linearity of discourse and the succession of mentions, it goes beyond the more commonly implemented analysis of global characteristics. We analyze 581 reference chains from the French corpus AnnoDis. Using clustering methods, we first show that the resulting clusters are linguistically interpretable. We then demonstrate that animacy and genre influence chain composition. Finally we identify the main patterns of coreference chains in the corpus. This highlights different types of chains and discourse strategies, which vary across genres, and confirms a major influence of referent type.
10
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JB code
slcs.228.07van
127
149
23
Chapter
8
01
When referents are seen and heard
A comparative study of constructed action in the discourse of LSFB (French Belgian Sign Language) signers and Belgian French speakers
1
A01
Sébastien Vandenitte
Vandenitte, Sébastien
Sébastien
Vandenitte
Laboratoire de Langue des signes de Belgique francophone (LSFB-Lab), Namur Institute of Language
20
comparative semiotics
20
corpus linguistics
20
gesture
20
multimodal
20
signed language
01
Constructed action is a referential strategy whereby signers and speakers use their bodies and/or voices to depict referents and their actions. Using a corpus-based study, this chapter compares constructed action in LSFB and Belgian French. It shows both that LSFB signers use constructed action to denote referents more frequently than Belgian French speakers do and that the two language communities use an overlapping set of articulators to enact referents. However, it also sheds light on differences in the use of these articulators, notably facial expression and the use of hand and arm movements, across LSFB and Belgian French. By documenting this referential strategy in a signed and a spoken language, this study informs the field of comparative semiotics.
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JB code
slcs.228.p2
151
210
60
Section header
9
01
Part II. From conventions to pragmatics
Argumentative contexts
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.08lec
153
170
18
Chapter
10
01
Human collective nouns and plural definite noun phrases
Semantic and argumentative perspectives on plural reference in French
1
A01
Michelle Lecolle
Lecolle, Michelle
Michelle
Lecolle
Université Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle
20
argumentation
20
argumentative dimension
20
collective nouns
20
plural reference
20
plurality
01
This chapter explores nominal forms with a plural meaning that denote groups of humans in French: human collective nouns (HCNs) and plural definite noun phrases (NP with [les ‘the’ + Nplural]). I combine semantic-referential and argumentative perspectives in order to assess the role of plural reference in these two domains. After presenting my conception of reference and referent and the specificities of plural reference, I compare the two types of expressions from a semantic-referential point of view, based on expressions with the same extension: the HCNs le peuple (français) ‘the (French) people,’ la population (française) ‘the (French) population,’ l’opinion publique (française) ‘(French) public opinion,’ and the plural definite NPs les Français ‘the French’ and les citoyens (français) ‘(French) citizens.’
10
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slcs.228.09var
171
184
14
Chapter
11
01
Electric vehicles in the press
Referential expressions as carriers of ideology
1
A01
Elodie Vargas
Vargas, Elodie
Elodie
Vargas
Université Grenoble Alpes
2
A01
Jérémy Machy
Machy, Jérémy
Jérémy
Machy
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
anaphora
20
electric vehicle
20
French press
20
German press
20
reference
01
The chapter proposes a corpus-based study of references to electric vehicles, a controversial technological innovation. The aim is to see whether representations, especially as conveyed through referential expressions, show any convergences, whether within a given publication or a given country. The corpus comprises 130 online articles from French and German national daily newspapers (2015–2020), with a special focus on 2017–2018, which witnessed many changes in reporting on electric vehicles. The study finds that referential expressions partly differ in the two countries, especially as regards metaphors. It also shows that referential expressions can only be interpreted in context. A seemingly “neutral” noun phrase may carry strong economic, political and cultural orientations. As such, it is highly subjective, an instrument of power.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.10dje
185
210
26
Chapter
12
01
Referring to the self and the addressee overtly
An emerging convention in Indonesian argumentative practice?
1
A01
Dwi Noverini Djenar
Djenar, Dwi Noverini
Dwi Noverini
Djenar
The University of Sydney
20
argumentative discourse
20
Indonesian
20
kin terms
20
overt reference
20
pronouns
01
This chapter explores some ways in which referring to the self and the addressee – or interlocutor reference – by means of pronouns, kin terms or other nouns, accomplishes more than simple referring. Focusing on interlocutor reference in argumentative contexts, the study proposes that referring overtly, i.e., by means of referring forms rather than null expressions, appears to be an emerging convention in Indonesian political argumentation. Data from political interviews are analysed to show how participants employ overt reference to claim knowledge about the states of affairs or the addressee’s cognitive state, position themselves as the party responsible for claims and assertions, and solicit an aligning response from the addressee.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.p3
211
266
56
Section header
13
01
Part III. From conventions to pragmatics
Creative uses
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.11ska
213
231
19
Chapter
14
01
Leaving this unsaid
A case study of empty this in North American satirical newspaper headlines
1
A01
Stephen Skalicky
Skalicky, Stephen
Stephen
Skalicky
Victoria University
2
A01
Victoria Chen
Chen, Victoria
Victoria
Chen
Victoria University
20
demonstrative
20
empty reference
20
inference
20
newspaper headlines
20
satirical news
01
We investigated the use of this in a large corpus of headlines gathered from three North American satirical newspapers (The Onion, The Beaverton, and The Babylon Bee). There were 551 instances of this in the corpus, 26 of which were used pronominally but without a clear referent, which we dub the empty satirical this (e.g., None Of This Would Have Happened Had You Flossed). We argue the lack of a clear referent prompts the co-construction of satirical meaning, the final resolution of which depends upon the reader’s willingness and ability to provide a fitting referent. While infrequent overall, the empty satirical this was found in all three newspapers, representing a creative and unique use of this atypical in non-satirical headlines.
10
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JB code
slcs.228.12oun
233
248
16
Chapter
15
01
Referential conventions as compromise
The case of oronyms
1
A01
Samia Ounoughi
Ounoughi, Samia
Samia
Ounoughi
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
corpus linguistics
20
mountains
20
proper nouns
20
reference
20
space
20
toponyms
01
This chapter explores reference in the case of oronyms, that is, proper nouns which designate portions of mountainous relief. As a linguistic function, reference binds a linguistic sign to an extra-linguistic entity. How is this function initiated and how does it operate? I argue that oronyms create referents, the geographical objects speakers create by naming a portion of the relief. Likewise, humans can cognitively divide a spatial continuum to comprehend it better. Oronyms emerge from the naming process I call “toponymation”. They design (create) and designate (name) a referent which has fleeting contours and is thus difficult to retrieve. I explore oronyms in a corpus of alpine travel narratives to identify what criteria are necessary to reach towards what I call “referential efficiency”.
10
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JB code
slcs.228.13ber
249
266
18
Chapter
16
01
Referring to an avenue as an ‘artery’ ( artère ) in French
From lexical signification to referential and discursive issues
1
A01
Thomas Bertin
Bertin, Thomas
Thomas
Bertin
Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LaTIM
20
argumentation
20
artère (‘artery’)
20
discourse analysis
20
lexical signification
20
reference
01
This study draws on lexical semantics to support a discourse analysis perspective (Gosselin 2018; Galatanu 2018). It examines the use of the French noun artère ‘artery’ (a common word from the lexicon (Maingueneau 2021)) to refer to a street-like entity (street, avenue, boulevard, etc.). The empirical investigation was based on an analysis of 150 utterances (extracted from three full-text databases). On the one hand, the study shows that selecting artère to refer to a street-like entity is a discursive strategy targeting a significant representation of the referent, especially when this referent is not a prototypical urban street. On the other hand, it supports the idea that this discursive choice strongly relies on the lexical signification of artère (Bertin 2018).
10
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slcs.228.p4
267
345
79
Section header
17
01
Part IV. From conventions to pragmatics
Speaker adjustments in interaction
10
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JB code
slcs.228.14con
269
285
17
Chapter
18
01
Who creates reference?
Reference as an interactive procedure in discourse
1
A01
Manfred Consten
Consten, Manfred
Manfred
Consten
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
20
collaboration
20
conversation
20
discourse
20
hearer
20
interaction
01
This contribution sketches the role of hearers in the long history of reference research. Canonical approaches from semantics and (early) pragmatics as well as cognitive approaches are discussed with respect to the increasing role that hearers play in these various notions of reference. In the framework of Text-world model theory, reference objects are considered to be mental concepts that can vary as discourse progresses, as a result of a negotiation between speakers and hearers. Examples from German oral conversation corpora show that reference should be described as a collaborative, interactive procedure in order to get a notion of reference that is compatible with and useful for the analysis of conversation phenomena.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.15bal
287
304
18
Chapter
19
01
“ peut-être on peut improviser un peu ”
The emergence of joint construction of reference in a card game situation
1
A01
Heike Baldauf-Quilliatre
Baldauf-Quilliatre, Heike
Heike
Baldauf-Quilliatre
Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR
2
A01
Elizaveta Chernyshova
Chernyshova, Elizaveta
Elizaveta
Chernyshova
SKILDER
3
A01
Isabel Colon de Carvajal
Colon de Carvajal, Isabel
Isabel
Colon de Carvajal
ENS de Lyon, ICAR
4
A01
Carole Etienne
Etienne, Carole
Carole
Etienne
CNRS, ICAR
5
A01
Lydia Heiden
Heiden, Lydia
Lydia
Heiden
Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR, SKILDER
6
A01
Laurène Smykowski
Smykowski, Laurène
Laurène
Smykowski
ICAR
20
interaction
20
jointly constructed reference
20
multimodality
20
naturally occurring data
01
Following the methodological approach of multimodal conversation analysis, our study focuses on the emergence of a jointly constructed reference during a card game interaction: the participants need to find a common solution in order to continue their activity. The data collected in situ allow us to apprehend the different verbal and non-verbal resources mobilised by the players in order to show that in social interaction reference construction is a joint achievement that involves various types of resources which are temporally finely tuned (among others joint visual attention on the object gesturally put in focus). We also show that once a referent-function association is established and grounded, it can be “activated” later on by using an iconic gesture.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.16dav
305
322
18
Chapter
20
01
Temporal reference in oral narratives produced by French learners of English as a second language
The case of AND
1
A01
Caroline David
David, Caroline
Caroline
David
Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA
2
A01
Laurence Vincent-Durroux
Vincent-Durroux, Laurence
Laurence
Vincent-Durroux
Université Grenoble Alpes
3
A01
Kerry Mullan
Mullan, Kerry
Kerry
Mullan
RMIT University
4
A01
Christine Béal
Béal, Christine
Christine
Béal
Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Praxiling
5
A01
Cécile Poussard
Poussard, Cécile
Cécile
Poussard
Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA
20
AND
20
English L1
20
English L2
20
French L1
20
temporal reference
01
The differing approaches to expressing temporality across languages lead us to question what difficulties might be experienced by learners of a second language when referring to time. We examine the spoken data of 33 French university learners of English to assess their mastery of the English system of temporal reference, especially the case of and, a discourse marker which may seem easy to acquire. We find that the subtleties of and are still to be acquired by even relatively advanced learners. Our participants do not use and in the way the native English speakers do, but as its French equivalent et. Conversely, the native English speakers also use and to structure their speech, a value that our French participants have not acquired.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.17lem
323
345
23
Chapter
21
01
The choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues
The
choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues
The influence of formal and functional factors
1
A01
Marine Le Mené Guigourès
Le Mené Guigourès, Marine
Marine
Le Mené Guigourès
Université du Québec à Montréal, ISC & CRBLM
2
A01
Anne Salazar-Orvig
Salazar-Orvig, Anne
Anne
Salazar-Orvig
Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA
3
A01
Christine da Silva-Genest
da Silva-Genest, Christine
Christine
da Silva-Genest
Université de Lorraine, DevAH & ATILF
4
A01
Haydée Marcos
Marcos, Haydée
Haydée
Marcos
Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA
20
activities
20
adult-child interactions
20
discourse types
20
language acquisition
20
pronouns
01
This chapter focuses on the choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues, and particularly on the identification of formal and functional conditions promoting the uses of personal and demonstrative pronouns. The study is based on a corpus of 22 parent-child dyads. Children are aged from 21 to 27 months and interact with their interlocutor in various activities. Referring expressions were analysed according to their syntactic function, the activity dyads were involved in, the discourse type and their position in the referential chain. Our results show a strong interaction between formal and functional factors, in adults’ and children’s discourse, and confirm that the acquisition of pronouns’ referential value originates in the uptake of discourse sequences within the frame of familiar activities.
10
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slcs.228.index
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1
Miscellaneous
99
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20230202
2023
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027212948
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
99.00
EUR
R
01
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
149.00
USD
S
40028919
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SLCS 228 Hb
15
9789027212948
13
2022053222
BB
01
SLCS
02
0165-7763
Studies in Language Companion Series
228
01
Reference
From conventions to pragmatics
01
slcs.228
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.228
1
B01
Laure Gardelle
Gardelle, Laure
Laure
Gardelle
Grenoble Alpes University
2
B01
Laurence Vincent-Durroux
Vincent-Durroux, Laurence
Laurence
Vincent-Durroux
Grenoble Alpes University
3
B01
Hélène Vinckel-Roisin
Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène
Hélène
Vinckel-Roisin
University of Lorraine
01
eng
355
vi
349
LAN009030
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume provides an innovative approach to the referential process thanks to its focus on the relationship between conventions and discourse pragmatics. It brings together a cross-section of current research on referential conventions and pragmatic strategies, in a number of different fields (formal and theoretical linguistics, semantics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, interactional linguistics, natural language processing), in a variety of verbal and non-verbal languages (English, German, different varieties of French, Indonesian, French Belgian Sign Language) and in a diversity of contexts (the coining of names, language acquisition, second language learning, and various genres such as news articles, narratives, satire or game playing). The volume is meant as a series of thought-provoking studies which place speakers and addressees at the core of the referential act, thus providing evidence on how they negotiate and adjust, depending on the context.
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09
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slcs.228.01gar
1
24
24
Chapter
1
01
Speakers, addressees and the referential process
A pragmatic approach
1
A01
Laure Gardelle
Gardelle, Laure
Laure
Gardelle
Université Grenoble Alpes
2
A01
Laurence Vincent-Durroux
Vincent-Durroux, Laurence
Laurence
Vincent-Durroux
Université Grenoble Alpes
3
A01
Hélène Vinckel-Roisin
Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène
Hélène
Vinckel-Roisin
Université de Lorraine (Nancy)
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.p1
25
149
125
Section header
2
01
Part I. New insights into referential conventions
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.02kri
27
51
25
Chapter
3
01
Anaphoric potential of bare nominals, incorporated objects and weak definites in German
Experimental results and theoretical modeling
1
A01
Manfred Krifka
Krifka, Manfred
Manfred
Krifka
Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)
2
A01
Fereshteh Modarresi
Modarresi, Fereshteh
Fereshteh
Modarresi
Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)
20
anaphora
20
bare plurals
20
discourse representation theory
20
incorporation
20
weak definites
01
In many languages, syntactic objects can be realized in a variety of ways, from maximally distinct DPs to morphologically integrated nominal stems. For example, German allows for viele Fische fangen, Fische fangen, am Fischefangen sein, beim Fischfang sein and fischen. We also find strong definite and weak definite DPs, e.g., in das Kino gehen vs. ins Kino gehen, and bare singular nouns such as Zeitung lesen. While the syntactic differences between these examples are obvious, their semantic differences and their functions in discourse are less clear. We present experimental evidence about differences in the likelihood of anaphoric uptake of such expressions. We suggest semantic representations that help explain the options of anaphoric potential of these expressions within a version of Discourse Representation Theory (DRT).
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.03mat
53
70
18
Chapter
4
01
Is ambient it truly non-referential?
1
A01
Élise Mathurin
Mathurin, Élise
Élise
Mathurin
Université de Bretagne Occidentale
20
ambient it
20
ostension
20
pronoun
20
reference
20
weather it
01
This chapter examines the non-referential status frequently ascribed to ambient it (i.e. the pronoun it used with weather verbs and expressions of time and distance). In line with Langacker (2011), I aim to show that this use of the pronoun it is in fact referential. First, I examine the reasons why ambient it is traditionally denied a referential status and propose counter arguments. I then argue that a speaker always conveys a referential intention when using ambient it (frequently accompanied by an ostension gesture). The pointed referent, although completely obvious, is vague and difficult to name and delimit. Finally, I analyze cases that share characteristics with ambient it but that cannot be entirely included in the same category.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.04gar
71
87
17
Chapter
5
01
<i>Lions, flowers</i> and the Romans
Exception management with generic and other count plurals
1
A01
Laure Gardelle
Gardelle, Laure
Laure
Gardelle
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
count plurals
20
exceptions
20
generalizations
20
generics
20
number
01
Research on generic bare plurals has frequently pointed out that even though they refer to the whole class, in characterizing sentences (e.g. birds fly) they commonly license exceptions (Krifka et al. 1995). While quantification and probability models have failed to account for all uses, the present chapter argues that the “generics-as-default” approach of psychologists (e.g. Leslie 2007) provides a more convincing frame. It further argues that generalization does not concern just generic plurals, but also specific ones: plurals convey “homogenization.” The study introduces the key notion of “negligibility” for exception management. Analyses of examples in context show the role of speaker knowledge and beliefs, as well as contextual perspective, in establishing what is negligible or not.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.05dia
89
106
18
Chapter
6
01
Genre and reference chains
From a global to a local approach
1
A01
Dominique Dias
Dias, Dominique
Dominique
Dias
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
coreference
20
genre
20
literary reviews
20
reference chains
01
Many studies have shown that the choice of referential expressions is not only governed by grammatical or cognitive rules but also builds a form of convention that differs from one genre to the next. This paper looks into the relationship between text genre and reference chains, which has been only partially investigated, in order to explain this variation with parameters like the writing strategy or the discursive perspective. Based on a corpus of 80 literary reviews published in French and German newspapers, the study calls for a local approach that shows how the writing strategy involves referents in processes that have an influence on the chains. The local approach also points out how editorial or cultural habits can question conventions.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.06fed
107
126
20
Chapter
7
01
A linear approach of chain composition
A
linear approach of chain composition
1
A01
Silvia Federzoni
Federzoni, Silvia
Silvia
Federzoni
Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS
2
A01
Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac
Ho-Dac, Lydia-Mai
Lydia-Mai
Ho-Dac
Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS
3
A01
Cécile Fabre
Fabre, Cécile
Cécile
Fabre
Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS
20
coreference chains
20
corpus-based analysis
20
linear approach
01
This corpus-based approach to coreference chains analyzes recurrences in the patterns of chains, providing new insights into conventions or preferences in the forms of referential expressions. By taking into account the linearity of discourse and the succession of mentions, it goes beyond the more commonly implemented analysis of global characteristics. We analyze 581 reference chains from the French corpus AnnoDis. Using clustering methods, we first show that the resulting clusters are linguistically interpretable. We then demonstrate that animacy and genre influence chain composition. Finally we identify the main patterns of coreference chains in the corpus. This highlights different types of chains and discourse strategies, which vary across genres, and confirms a major influence of referent type.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.07van
127
149
23
Chapter
8
01
When referents are seen and heard
A comparative study of constructed action in the discourse of LSFB (French Belgian Sign Language) signers and Belgian French speakers
1
A01
Sébastien Vandenitte
Vandenitte, Sébastien
Sébastien
Vandenitte
Laboratoire de Langue des signes de Belgique francophone (LSFB-Lab), Namur Institute of Language
20
comparative semiotics
20
corpus linguistics
20
gesture
20
multimodal
20
signed language
01
Constructed action is a referential strategy whereby signers and speakers use their bodies and/or voices to depict referents and their actions. Using a corpus-based study, this chapter compares constructed action in LSFB and Belgian French. It shows both that LSFB signers use constructed action to denote referents more frequently than Belgian French speakers do and that the two language communities use an overlapping set of articulators to enact referents. However, it also sheds light on differences in the use of these articulators, notably facial expression and the use of hand and arm movements, across LSFB and Belgian French. By documenting this referential strategy in a signed and a spoken language, this study informs the field of comparative semiotics.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.p2
151
210
60
Section header
9
01
Part II. From conventions to pragmatics
Argumentative contexts
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.08lec
153
170
18
Chapter
10
01
Human collective nouns and plural definite noun phrases
Semantic and argumentative perspectives on plural reference in French
1
A01
Michelle Lecolle
Lecolle, Michelle
Michelle
Lecolle
Université Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle
20
argumentation
20
argumentative dimension
20
collective nouns
20
plural reference
20
plurality
01
This chapter explores nominal forms with a plural meaning that denote groups of humans in French: human collective nouns (HCNs) and plural definite noun phrases (NP with [les ‘the’ + Nplural]). I combine semantic-referential and argumentative perspectives in order to assess the role of plural reference in these two domains. After presenting my conception of reference and referent and the specificities of plural reference, I compare the two types of expressions from a semantic-referential point of view, based on expressions with the same extension: the HCNs le peuple (français) ‘the (French) people,’ la population (française) ‘the (French) population,’ l’opinion publique (française) ‘(French) public opinion,’ and the plural definite NPs les Français ‘the French’ and les citoyens (français) ‘(French) citizens.’
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.09var
171
184
14
Chapter
11
01
Electric vehicles in the press
Referential expressions as carriers of ideology
1
A01
Elodie Vargas
Vargas, Elodie
Elodie
Vargas
Université Grenoble Alpes
2
A01
Jérémy Machy
Machy, Jérémy
Jérémy
Machy
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
anaphora
20
electric vehicle
20
French press
20
German press
20
reference
01
The chapter proposes a corpus-based study of references to electric vehicles, a controversial technological innovation. The aim is to see whether representations, especially as conveyed through referential expressions, show any convergences, whether within a given publication or a given country. The corpus comprises 130 online articles from French and German national daily newspapers (2015–2020), with a special focus on 2017–2018, which witnessed many changes in reporting on electric vehicles. The study finds that referential expressions partly differ in the two countries, especially as regards metaphors. It also shows that referential expressions can only be interpreted in context. A seemingly “neutral” noun phrase may carry strong economic, political and cultural orientations. As such, it is highly subjective, an instrument of power.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.10dje
185
210
26
Chapter
12
01
Referring to the self and the addressee overtly
An emerging convention in Indonesian argumentative practice?
1
A01
Dwi Noverini Djenar
Djenar, Dwi Noverini
Dwi Noverini
Djenar
The University of Sydney
20
argumentative discourse
20
Indonesian
20
kin terms
20
overt reference
20
pronouns
01
This chapter explores some ways in which referring to the self and the addressee – or interlocutor reference – by means of pronouns, kin terms or other nouns, accomplishes more than simple referring. Focusing on interlocutor reference in argumentative contexts, the study proposes that referring overtly, i.e., by means of referring forms rather than null expressions, appears to be an emerging convention in Indonesian political argumentation. Data from political interviews are analysed to show how participants employ overt reference to claim knowledge about the states of affairs or the addressee’s cognitive state, position themselves as the party responsible for claims and assertions, and solicit an aligning response from the addressee.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.p3
211
266
56
Section header
13
01
Part III. From conventions to pragmatics
Creative uses
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.11ska
213
231
19
Chapter
14
01
Leaving this unsaid
A case study of empty this in North American satirical newspaper headlines
1
A01
Stephen Skalicky
Skalicky, Stephen
Stephen
Skalicky
Victoria University
2
A01
Victoria Chen
Chen, Victoria
Victoria
Chen
Victoria University
20
demonstrative
20
empty reference
20
inference
20
newspaper headlines
20
satirical news
01
We investigated the use of this in a large corpus of headlines gathered from three North American satirical newspapers (The Onion, The Beaverton, and The Babylon Bee). There were 551 instances of this in the corpus, 26 of which were used pronominally but without a clear referent, which we dub the empty satirical this (e.g., None Of This Would Have Happened Had You Flossed). We argue the lack of a clear referent prompts the co-construction of satirical meaning, the final resolution of which depends upon the reader’s willingness and ability to provide a fitting referent. While infrequent overall, the empty satirical this was found in all three newspapers, representing a creative and unique use of this atypical in non-satirical headlines.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.12oun
233
248
16
Chapter
15
01
Referential conventions as compromise
The case of oronyms
1
A01
Samia Ounoughi
Ounoughi, Samia
Samia
Ounoughi
Université Grenoble Alpes
20
corpus linguistics
20
mountains
20
proper nouns
20
reference
20
space
20
toponyms
01
This chapter explores reference in the case of oronyms, that is, proper nouns which designate portions of mountainous relief. As a linguistic function, reference binds a linguistic sign to an extra-linguistic entity. How is this function initiated and how does it operate? I argue that oronyms create referents, the geographical objects speakers create by naming a portion of the relief. Likewise, humans can cognitively divide a spatial continuum to comprehend it better. Oronyms emerge from the naming process I call “toponymation”. They design (create) and designate (name) a referent which has fleeting contours and is thus difficult to retrieve. I explore oronyms in a corpus of alpine travel narratives to identify what criteria are necessary to reach towards what I call “referential efficiency”.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.13ber
249
266
18
Chapter
16
01
Referring to an avenue as an ‘artery’ ( artère ) in French
From lexical signification to referential and discursive issues
1
A01
Thomas Bertin
Bertin, Thomas
Thomas
Bertin
Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LaTIM
20
argumentation
20
artère (‘artery’)
20
discourse analysis
20
lexical signification
20
reference
01
This study draws on lexical semantics to support a discourse analysis perspective (Gosselin 2018; Galatanu 2018). It examines the use of the French noun artère ‘artery’ (a common word from the lexicon (Maingueneau 2021)) to refer to a street-like entity (street, avenue, boulevard, etc.). The empirical investigation was based on an analysis of 150 utterances (extracted from three full-text databases). On the one hand, the study shows that selecting artère to refer to a street-like entity is a discursive strategy targeting a significant representation of the referent, especially when this referent is not a prototypical urban street. On the other hand, it supports the idea that this discursive choice strongly relies on the lexical signification of artère (Bertin 2018).
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.p4
267
345
79
Section header
17
01
Part IV. From conventions to pragmatics
Speaker adjustments in interaction
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.14con
269
285
17
Chapter
18
01
Who creates reference?
Reference as an interactive procedure in discourse
1
A01
Manfred Consten
Consten, Manfred
Manfred
Consten
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
20
collaboration
20
conversation
20
discourse
20
hearer
20
interaction
01
This contribution sketches the role of hearers in the long history of reference research. Canonical approaches from semantics and (early) pragmatics as well as cognitive approaches are discussed with respect to the increasing role that hearers play in these various notions of reference. In the framework of Text-world model theory, reference objects are considered to be mental concepts that can vary as discourse progresses, as a result of a negotiation between speakers and hearers. Examples from German oral conversation corpora show that reference should be described as a collaborative, interactive procedure in order to get a notion of reference that is compatible with and useful for the analysis of conversation phenomena.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.15bal
287
304
18
Chapter
19
01
“ peut-être on peut improviser un peu ”
The emergence of joint construction of reference in a card game situation
1
A01
Heike Baldauf-Quilliatre
Baldauf-Quilliatre, Heike
Heike
Baldauf-Quilliatre
Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR
2
A01
Elizaveta Chernyshova
Chernyshova, Elizaveta
Elizaveta
Chernyshova
SKILDER
3
A01
Isabel Colon de Carvajal
Colon de Carvajal, Isabel
Isabel
Colon de Carvajal
ENS de Lyon, ICAR
4
A01
Carole Etienne
Etienne, Carole
Carole
Etienne
CNRS, ICAR
5
A01
Lydia Heiden
Heiden, Lydia
Lydia
Heiden
Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR, SKILDER
6
A01
Laurène Smykowski
Smykowski, Laurène
Laurène
Smykowski
ICAR
20
interaction
20
jointly constructed reference
20
multimodality
20
naturally occurring data
01
Following the methodological approach of multimodal conversation analysis, our study focuses on the emergence of a jointly constructed reference during a card game interaction: the participants need to find a common solution in order to continue their activity. The data collected in situ allow us to apprehend the different verbal and non-verbal resources mobilised by the players in order to show that in social interaction reference construction is a joint achievement that involves various types of resources which are temporally finely tuned (among others joint visual attention on the object gesturally put in focus). We also show that once a referent-function association is established and grounded, it can be “activated” later on by using an iconic gesture.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.16dav
305
322
18
Chapter
20
01
Temporal reference in oral narratives produced by French learners of English as a second language
The case of AND
1
A01
Caroline David
David, Caroline
Caroline
David
Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA
2
A01
Laurence Vincent-Durroux
Vincent-Durroux, Laurence
Laurence
Vincent-Durroux
Université Grenoble Alpes
3
A01
Kerry Mullan
Mullan, Kerry
Kerry
Mullan
RMIT University
4
A01
Christine Béal
Béal, Christine
Christine
Béal
Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Praxiling
5
A01
Cécile Poussard
Poussard, Cécile
Cécile
Poussard
Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA
20
AND
20
English L1
20
English L2
20
French L1
20
temporal reference
01
The differing approaches to expressing temporality across languages lead us to question what difficulties might be experienced by learners of a second language when referring to time. We examine the spoken data of 33 French university learners of English to assess their mastery of the English system of temporal reference, especially the case of and, a discourse marker which may seem easy to acquire. We find that the subtleties of and are still to be acquired by even relatively advanced learners. Our participants do not use and in the way the native English speakers do, but as its French equivalent et. Conversely, the native English speakers also use and to structure their speech, a value that our French participants have not acquired.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.17lem
323
345
23
Chapter
21
01
The choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues
The
choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues
The influence of formal and functional factors
1
A01
Marine Le Mené Guigourès
Le Mené Guigourès, Marine
Marine
Le Mené Guigourès
Université du Québec à Montréal, ISC & CRBLM
2
A01
Anne Salazar-Orvig
Salazar-Orvig, Anne
Anne
Salazar-Orvig
Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA
3
A01
Christine da Silva-Genest
da Silva-Genest, Christine
Christine
da Silva-Genest
Université de Lorraine, DevAH & ATILF
4
A01
Haydée Marcos
Marcos, Haydée
Haydée
Marcos
Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA
20
activities
20
adult-child interactions
20
discourse types
20
language acquisition
20
pronouns
01
This chapter focuses on the choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues, and particularly on the identification of formal and functional conditions promoting the uses of personal and demonstrative pronouns. The study is based on a corpus of 22 parent-child dyads. Children are aged from 21 to 27 months and interact with their interlocutor in various activities. Referring expressions were analysed according to their syntactic function, the activity dyads were involved in, the discourse type and their position in the referential chain. Our results show a strong interaction between formal and functional factors, in adults’ and children’s discourse, and confirm that the acquisition of pronouns’ referential value originates in the uptake of discourse sequences within the frame of familiar activities.
10
01
JB code
slcs.228.index
347
1
Miscellaneous
99
01
Index
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