819028920 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 228 Eb 15 9789027254672 06 10.1075/slcs.228 13 2022053223 DG 002 02 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 228 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Reference</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From conventions to pragmatics</Subtitle> 01 slcs.228 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.228 1 B01 Laure Gardelle Gardelle, Laure Laure Gardelle Grenoble Alpes University 2 B01 Laurence Vincent-Durroux Vincent-Durroux, Laurence Laurence Vincent-Durroux Grenoble Alpes University 3 B01 Hélène Vinckel-Roisin Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène Hélène Vinckel-Roisin University of Lorraine 01 eng 355 vi 349 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This volume provides an innovative approach to the referential process thanks to its focus on the relationship between conventions and discourse pragmatics. It brings together a cross-section of current research on referential conventions and pragmatic strategies, in a number of different fields (formal and theoretical linguistics, semantics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, interactional linguistics, natural language processing), in a variety of verbal and non-verbal languages (English, German, different varieties of French, Indonesian, French Belgian Sign Language) and in a diversity of contexts (the coining of names, language acquisition, second language learning, and various genres such as news articles, narratives, satire or game playing). The volume is meant as a series of thought-provoking studies which place speakers and addressees at the core of the referential act, thus providing evidence on how they negotiate and adjust, depending on the context. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.228.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027212948.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027212948.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.228.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.228.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.228.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.228.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.228.01gar 1 24 24 Chapter 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Speakers, addressees and the referential process</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A pragmatic approach</Subtitle> 1 A01 Laure Gardelle Gardelle, Laure Laure Gardelle Université Grenoble Alpes 2 A01 Laurence Vincent-Durroux Vincent-Durroux, Laurence Laurence Vincent-Durroux Université Grenoble Alpes 3 A01 Hélène Vinckel-Roisin Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène Hélène Vinckel-Roisin Université de Lorraine (Nancy) 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p1 25 149 125 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. New insights into referential conventions</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.02kri 27 51 25 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Anaphoric potential of bare nominals, incorporated objects and weak definites in German</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Experimental results and theoretical modeling</Subtitle> 1 A01 Manfred Krifka Krifka, Manfred Manfred Krifka Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS) 2 A01 Fereshteh Modarresi Modarresi, Fereshteh Fereshteh Modarresi Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS) 20 anaphora 20 bare plurals 20 discourse representation theory 20 incorporation 20 weak definites 01 In many languages, syntactic objects can be realized in a variety of ways, from maximally distinct DPs to morphologically integrated nominal stems. For example, German allows for viele Fische fangen, Fische fangen, am Fischefangen sein, beim Fischfang sein and fischen. We also find strong definite and weak definite DPs, e.g., in das Kino gehen vs. ins Kino gehen, and bare singular nouns such as Zeitung lesen. While the syntactic differences between these examples are obvious, their semantic differences and their functions in discourse are less clear. We present experimental evidence about differences in the likelihood of anaphoric uptake of such expressions. We suggest semantic representations that help explain the options of anaphoric potential of these expressions within a version of Discourse Representation Theory (DRT). 10 01 JB code slcs.228.03mat 53 70 18 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Is ambient it truly non-referential?</TitleText> 1 A01 Élise Mathurin Mathurin, Élise Élise Mathurin Université de Bretagne Occidentale 20 ambient it 20 ostension 20 pronoun 20 reference 20 weather it 01 This chapter examines the non-referential status frequently ascribed to ambient it (i.e. the pronoun it used with weather verbs and expressions of time and distance). In line with Langacker (2011), I aim to show that this use of the pronoun it is in fact referential. First, I examine the reasons why ambient it is traditionally denied a referential status and propose counter arguments. I then argue that a speaker always conveys a referential intention when using ambient it (frequently accompanied by an ostension gesture). The pointed referent, although completely obvious, is vague and difficult to name and delimit. Finally, I analyze cases that share characteristics with ambient it but that cannot be entirely included in the same category. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.04gar 71 87 17 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Lions, flowers</i> and the Romans</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Exception management with generic and other count plurals</Subtitle> 1 A01 Laure Gardelle Gardelle, Laure Laure Gardelle Université Grenoble Alpes 20 count plurals 20 exceptions 20 generalizations 20 generics 20 number 01 Research on generic bare plurals has frequently pointed out that even though they refer to the whole class, in characterizing sentences (e.g. birds fly) they commonly license exceptions (Krifka et al. 1995). While quantification and probability models have failed to account for all uses, the present chapter argues that the “generics-as-default” approach of psychologists (e.g. Leslie 2007) provides a more convincing frame. It further argues that generalization does not concern just generic plurals, but also specific ones: plurals convey “homogenization.” The study introduces the key notion of “negligibility” for exception management. Analyses of examples in context show the role of speaker knowledge and beliefs, as well as contextual perspective, in establishing what is negligible or not. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.05dia 89 106 18 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Genre and reference chains</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From a global to a local approach</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dominique Dias Dias, Dominique Dominique Dias Université Grenoble Alpes 20 coreference 20 genre 20 literary reviews 20 reference chains 01 Many studies have shown that the choice of referential expressions is not only governed by grammatical or cognitive rules but also builds a form of convention that differs from one genre to the next. This paper looks into the relationship between text genre and reference chains, which has been only partially investigated, in order to explain this variation with parameters like the writing strategy or the discursive perspective. Based on a corpus of 80 literary reviews published in French and German newspapers, the study calls for a local approach that shows how the writing strategy involves referents in processes that have an influence on the chains. The local approach also points out how editorial or cultural habits can question conventions. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.06fed 107 126 20 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A linear approach of chain composition</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">linear approach of chain composition</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Silvia Federzoni Federzoni, Silvia Silvia Federzoni Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS 2 A01 Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac Ho-Dac, Lydia-Mai Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS 3 A01 Cécile Fabre Fabre, Cécile Cécile Fabre Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS 20 coreference chains 20 corpus-based analysis 20 linear approach 01 This corpus-based approach to coreference chains analyzes recurrences in the patterns of chains, providing new insights into conventions or preferences in the forms of referential expressions. By taking into account the linearity of discourse and the succession of mentions, it goes beyond the more commonly implemented analysis of global characteristics. We analyze 581 reference chains from the French corpus AnnoDis. Using clustering methods, we first show that the resulting clusters are linguistically interpretable. We then demonstrate that animacy and genre influence chain composition. Finally we identify the main patterns of coreference chains in the corpus. This highlights different types of chains and discourse strategies, which vary across genres, and confirms a major influence of referent type. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.07van 127 149 23 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">When referents are seen and heard</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparative study of constructed action in the discourse of LSFB (French Belgian Sign Language) signers and Belgian French speakers</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sébastien Vandenitte Vandenitte, Sébastien Sébastien Vandenitte Laboratoire de Langue des signes de Belgique francophone (LSFB-Lab), Namur Institute of Language 20 comparative semiotics 20 corpus linguistics 20 gesture 20 multimodal 20 signed language 01 Constructed action is a referential strategy whereby signers and speakers use their bodies and/or voices to depict referents and their actions. Using a corpus-based study, this chapter compares constructed action in LSFB and Belgian French. It shows both that LSFB signers use constructed action to denote referents more frequently than Belgian French speakers do and that the two language communities use an overlapping set of articulators to enact referents. However, it also sheds light on differences in the use of these articulators, notably facial expression and the use of hand and arm movements, across LSFB and Belgian French. By documenting this referential strategy in a signed and a spoken language, this study informs the field of comparative semiotics. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p2 151 210 60 Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. From conventions to pragmatics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Argumentative contexts</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.08lec 153 170 18 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Human collective nouns and plural definite noun phrases</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Semantic and argumentative perspectives on plural reference in French</Subtitle> 1 A01 Michelle Lecolle Lecolle, Michelle Michelle Lecolle Université Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle 20 argumentation 20 argumentative dimension 20 collective nouns 20 plural reference 20 plurality 01 This chapter explores nominal forms with a plural meaning that denote groups of humans in French: human collective nouns (HCNs) and plural definite noun phrases (NP with [les ‘the’ + Nplural]). I combine semantic-referential and argumentative perspectives in order to assess the role of plural reference in these two domains. After presenting my conception of reference and referent and the specificities of plural reference, I compare the two types of expressions from a semantic-referential point of view, based on expressions with the same extension: the HCNs le peuple (français) ‘the (French) people,’ la population (française) ‘the (French) population,’ l’opinion publique (française) ‘(French) public opinion,’ and the plural definite NPs les Français ‘the French’ and les citoyens (français) ‘(French) citizens.’ 10 01 JB code slcs.228.09var 171 184 14 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Electric vehicles in the press</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Referential expressions as carriers of ideology</Subtitle> 1 A01 Elodie Vargas Vargas, Elodie Elodie Vargas Université Grenoble Alpes 2 A01 Jérémy Machy Machy, Jérémy Jérémy Machy Université Grenoble Alpes 20 anaphora 20 electric vehicle 20 French press 20 German press 20 reference 01 The chapter proposes a corpus-based study of references to electric vehicles, a controversial technological innovation. The aim is to see whether representations, especially as conveyed through referential expressions, show any convergences, whether within a given publication or a given country. The corpus comprises 130 online articles from French and German national daily newspapers (2015–2020), with a special focus on 2017–2018, which witnessed many changes in reporting on electric vehicles. The study finds that referential expressions partly differ in the two countries, especially as regards metaphors. It also shows that referential expressions can only be interpreted in context. A seemingly “neutral” noun phrase may carry strong economic, political and cultural orientations. As such, it is highly subjective, an instrument of power. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.10dje 185 210 26 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Referring to the self and the addressee overtly</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An emerging convention in Indonesian argumentative practice?</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dwi Noverini Djenar Djenar, Dwi Noverini Dwi Noverini Djenar The University of Sydney 20 argumentative discourse 20 Indonesian 20 kin terms 20 overt reference 20 pronouns 01 This chapter explores some ways in which referring to the self and the addressee – or interlocutor reference – by means of pronouns, kin terms or other nouns, accomplishes more than simple referring. Focusing on interlocutor reference in argumentative contexts, the study proposes that referring overtly, i.e., by means of referring forms rather than null expressions, appears to be an emerging convention in Indonesian political argumentation. Data from political interviews are analysed to show how participants employ overt reference to claim knowledge about the states of affairs or the addressee’s cognitive state, position themselves as the party responsible for claims and assertions, and solicit an aligning response from the addressee. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p3 211 266 56 Section header 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. From conventions to pragmatics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Creative uses</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.11ska 213 231 19 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Leaving this unsaid</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A case study of empty this in North American satirical newspaper headlines</Subtitle> 1 A01 Stephen Skalicky Skalicky, Stephen Stephen Skalicky Victoria University 2 A01 Victoria Chen Chen, Victoria Victoria Chen Victoria University 20 demonstrative 20 empty reference 20 inference 20 newspaper headlines 20 satirical news 01 We investigated the use of this in a large corpus of headlines gathered from three North American satirical newspapers (The Onion, The Beaverton, and The Babylon Bee). There were 551 instances of this in the corpus, 26 of which were used pronominally but without a clear referent, which we dub the empty satirical this (e.g., None Of This Would Have Happened Had You Flossed). We argue the lack of a clear referent prompts the co-construction of satirical meaning, the final resolution of which depends upon the reader’s willingness and ability to provide a fitting referent. While infrequent overall, the empty satirical this was found in all three newspapers, representing a creative and unique use of this atypical in non-satirical headlines. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.12oun 233 248 16 Chapter 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Referential conventions as compromise</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of oronyms</Subtitle> 1 A01 Samia Ounoughi Ounoughi, Samia Samia Ounoughi Université Grenoble Alpes 20 corpus linguistics 20 mountains 20 proper nouns 20 reference 20 space 20 toponyms 01 This chapter explores reference in the case of oronyms, that is, proper nouns which designate portions of mountainous relief. As a linguistic function, reference binds a linguistic sign to an extra-linguistic entity. How is this function initiated and how does it operate? I argue that oronyms create referents, the geographical objects speakers create by naming a portion of the relief. Likewise, humans can cognitively divide a spatial continuum to comprehend it better. Oronyms emerge from the naming process I call “toponymation”. They design (create) and designate (name) a referent which has fleeting contours and is thus difficult to retrieve. I explore oronyms in a corpus of alpine travel narratives to identify what criteria are necessary to reach towards what I call “referential efficiency”. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.13ber 249 266 18 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Referring to an avenue as an ‘artery’ ( artère ) in French</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From lexical signification to referential and discursive issues</Subtitle> 1 A01 Thomas Bertin Bertin, Thomas Thomas Bertin Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LaTIM 20 argumentation 20 artère (‘artery’) 20 discourse analysis 20 lexical signification 20 reference 01 This study draws on lexical semantics to support a discourse analysis perspective (Gosselin 2018; Galatanu 2018). It examines the use of the French noun artère ‘artery’ (a common word from the lexicon (Maingueneau 2021)) to refer to a street-like entity (street, avenue, boulevard, etc.). The empirical investigation was based on an analysis of 150 utterances (extracted from three full-text databases). On the one hand, the study shows that selecting artère to refer to a street-like entity is a discursive strategy targeting a significant representation of the referent, especially when this referent is not a prototypical urban street. On the other hand, it supports the idea that this discursive choice strongly relies on the lexical signification of artère (Bertin 2018). 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p4 267 345 79 Section header 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. From conventions to pragmatics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Speaker adjustments in interaction</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.14con 269 285 17 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Who creates reference?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Reference as an interactive procedure in discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 Manfred Consten Consten, Manfred Manfred Consten Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 20 collaboration 20 conversation 20 discourse 20 hearer 20 interaction 01 This contribution sketches the role of hearers in the long history of reference research. Canonical approaches from semantics and (early) pragmatics as well as cognitive approaches are discussed with respect to the increasing role that hearers play in these various notions of reference. In the framework of Text-world model theory, reference objects are considered to be mental concepts that can vary as discourse progresses, as a result of a negotiation between speakers and hearers. Examples from German oral conversation corpora show that reference should be described as a collaborative, interactive procedure in order to get a notion of reference that is compatible with and useful for the analysis of conversation phenomena. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.15bal 287 304 18 Chapter 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">“ peut-être on peut improviser un peu ”</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The emergence of joint construction of reference in a card game situation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Heike Baldauf-Quilliatre Baldauf-Quilliatre, Heike Heike Baldauf-Quilliatre Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR 2 A01 Elizaveta Chernyshova Chernyshova, Elizaveta Elizaveta Chernyshova SKILDER 3 A01 Isabel Colon de Carvajal Colon de Carvajal, Isabel Isabel Colon de Carvajal ENS de Lyon, ICAR 4 A01 Carole Etienne Etienne, Carole Carole Etienne CNRS, ICAR 5 A01 Lydia Heiden Heiden, Lydia Lydia Heiden Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR, SKILDER 6 A01 Laurène Smykowski Smykowski, Laurène Laurène Smykowski ICAR 20 interaction 20 jointly constructed reference 20 multimodality 20 naturally occurring data 01 Following the methodological approach of multimodal conversation analysis, our study focuses on the emergence of a jointly constructed reference during a card game interaction: the participants need to find a common solution in order to continue their activity. The data collected in situ allow us to apprehend the different verbal and non-verbal resources mobilised by the players in order to show that in social interaction reference construction is a joint achievement that involves various types of resources which are temporally finely tuned (among others joint visual attention on the object gesturally put in focus). We also show that once a referent-function association is established and grounded, it can be “activated” later on by using an iconic gesture. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.16dav 305 322 18 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Temporal reference in oral narratives produced by French learners of English as a second language</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of AND</Subtitle> 1 A01 Caroline David David, Caroline Caroline David Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA 2 A01 Laurence Vincent-Durroux Vincent-Durroux, Laurence Laurence Vincent-Durroux Université Grenoble Alpes 3 A01 Kerry Mullan Mullan, Kerry Kerry Mullan RMIT University 4 A01 Christine Béal Béal, Christine Christine Béal Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Praxiling 5 A01 Cécile Poussard Poussard, Cécile Cécile Poussard Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA 20 AND 20 English L1 20 English L2 20 French L1 20 temporal reference 01 The differing approaches to expressing temporality across languages lead us to question what difficulties might be experienced by learners of a second language when referring to time. We examine the spoken data of 33 French university learners of English to assess their mastery of the English system of temporal reference, especially the case of and, a discourse marker which may seem easy to acquire. We find that the subtleties of and are still to be acquired by even relatively advanced learners. Our participants do not use and in the way the native English speakers do, but as its French equivalent et. Conversely, the native English speakers also use and to structure their speech, a value that our French participants have not acquired. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.17lem 323 345 23 Chapter 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">The influence of formal and functional factors</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marine Le Mené Guigourès Le Mené Guigourès, Marine Marine Le Mené Guigourès Université du Québec à Montréal, ISC & CRBLM 2 A01 Anne Salazar-Orvig Salazar-Orvig, Anne Anne Salazar-Orvig Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA 3 A01 Christine da Silva-Genest da Silva-Genest, Christine Christine da Silva-Genest Université de Lorraine, DevAH & ATILF 4 A01 Haydée Marcos Marcos, Haydée Haydée Marcos Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA 20 activities 20 adult-child interactions 20 discourse types 20 language acquisition 20 pronouns 01 This chapter focuses on the choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues, and particularly on the identification of formal and functional conditions promoting the uses of personal and demonstrative pronouns. The study is based on a corpus of 22 parent-child dyads. Children are aged from 21 to 27 months and interact with their interlocutor in various activities. Referring expressions were analysed according to their syntactic function, the activity dyads were involved in, the discourse type and their position in the referential chain. Our results show a strong interaction between formal and functional factors, in adults’ and children’s discourse, and confirm that the acquisition of pronouns’ referential value originates in the uptake of discourse sequences within the frame of familiar activities. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.index 347 1 Miscellaneous 99 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20230202 2023 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027212948 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 40028919 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 228 Hb 15 9789027212948 13 2022053222 BB 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 228 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Reference</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From conventions to pragmatics</Subtitle> 01 slcs.228 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.228 1 B01 Laure Gardelle Gardelle, Laure Laure Gardelle Grenoble Alpes University 2 B01 Laurence Vincent-Durroux Vincent-Durroux, Laurence Laurence Vincent-Durroux Grenoble Alpes University 3 B01 Hélène Vinckel-Roisin Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène Hélène Vinckel-Roisin University of Lorraine 01 eng 355 vi 349 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This volume provides an innovative approach to the referential process thanks to its focus on the relationship between conventions and discourse pragmatics. It brings together a cross-section of current research on referential conventions and pragmatic strategies, in a number of different fields (formal and theoretical linguistics, semantics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, interactional linguistics, natural language processing), in a variety of verbal and non-verbal languages (English, German, different varieties of French, Indonesian, French Belgian Sign Language) and in a diversity of contexts (the coining of names, language acquisition, second language learning, and various genres such as news articles, narratives, satire or game playing). The volume is meant as a series of thought-provoking studies which place speakers and addressees at the core of the referential act, thus providing evidence on how they negotiate and adjust, depending on the context. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.228.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027212948.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027212948.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.228.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.228.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.228.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.228.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.228.01gar 1 24 24 Chapter 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Speakers, addressees and the referential process</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A pragmatic approach</Subtitle> 1 A01 Laure Gardelle Gardelle, Laure Laure Gardelle Université Grenoble Alpes 2 A01 Laurence Vincent-Durroux Vincent-Durroux, Laurence Laurence Vincent-Durroux Université Grenoble Alpes 3 A01 Hélène Vinckel-Roisin Vinckel-Roisin, Hélène Hélène Vinckel-Roisin Université de Lorraine (Nancy) 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p1 25 149 125 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. New insights into referential conventions</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.02kri 27 51 25 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Anaphoric potential of bare nominals, incorporated objects and weak definites in German</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Experimental results and theoretical modeling</Subtitle> 1 A01 Manfred Krifka Krifka, Manfred Manfred Krifka Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS) 2 A01 Fereshteh Modarresi Modarresi, Fereshteh Fereshteh Modarresi Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS) 20 anaphora 20 bare plurals 20 discourse representation theory 20 incorporation 20 weak definites 01 In many languages, syntactic objects can be realized in a variety of ways, from maximally distinct DPs to morphologically integrated nominal stems. For example, German allows for viele Fische fangen, Fische fangen, am Fischefangen sein, beim Fischfang sein and fischen. We also find strong definite and weak definite DPs, e.g., in das Kino gehen vs. ins Kino gehen, and bare singular nouns such as Zeitung lesen. While the syntactic differences between these examples are obvious, their semantic differences and their functions in discourse are less clear. We present experimental evidence about differences in the likelihood of anaphoric uptake of such expressions. We suggest semantic representations that help explain the options of anaphoric potential of these expressions within a version of Discourse Representation Theory (DRT). 10 01 JB code slcs.228.03mat 53 70 18 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Is ambient it truly non-referential?</TitleText> 1 A01 Élise Mathurin Mathurin, Élise Élise Mathurin Université de Bretagne Occidentale 20 ambient it 20 ostension 20 pronoun 20 reference 20 weather it 01 This chapter examines the non-referential status frequently ascribed to ambient it (i.e. the pronoun it used with weather verbs and expressions of time and distance). In line with Langacker (2011), I aim to show that this use of the pronoun it is in fact referential. First, I examine the reasons why ambient it is traditionally denied a referential status and propose counter arguments. I then argue that a speaker always conveys a referential intention when using ambient it (frequently accompanied by an ostension gesture). The pointed referent, although completely obvious, is vague and difficult to name and delimit. Finally, I analyze cases that share characteristics with ambient it but that cannot be entirely included in the same category. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.04gar 71 87 17 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Lions, flowers</i> and the Romans</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Exception management with generic and other count plurals</Subtitle> 1 A01 Laure Gardelle Gardelle, Laure Laure Gardelle Université Grenoble Alpes 20 count plurals 20 exceptions 20 generalizations 20 generics 20 number 01 Research on generic bare plurals has frequently pointed out that even though they refer to the whole class, in characterizing sentences (e.g. birds fly) they commonly license exceptions (Krifka et al. 1995). While quantification and probability models have failed to account for all uses, the present chapter argues that the “generics-as-default” approach of psychologists (e.g. Leslie 2007) provides a more convincing frame. It further argues that generalization does not concern just generic plurals, but also specific ones: plurals convey “homogenization.” The study introduces the key notion of “negligibility” for exception management. Analyses of examples in context show the role of speaker knowledge and beliefs, as well as contextual perspective, in establishing what is negligible or not. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.05dia 89 106 18 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Genre and reference chains</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From a global to a local approach</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dominique Dias Dias, Dominique Dominique Dias Université Grenoble Alpes 20 coreference 20 genre 20 literary reviews 20 reference chains 01 Many studies have shown that the choice of referential expressions is not only governed by grammatical or cognitive rules but also builds a form of convention that differs from one genre to the next. This paper looks into the relationship between text genre and reference chains, which has been only partially investigated, in order to explain this variation with parameters like the writing strategy or the discursive perspective. Based on a corpus of 80 literary reviews published in French and German newspapers, the study calls for a local approach that shows how the writing strategy involves referents in processes that have an influence on the chains. The local approach also points out how editorial or cultural habits can question conventions. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.06fed 107 126 20 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A linear approach of chain composition</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">linear approach of chain composition</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Silvia Federzoni Federzoni, Silvia Silvia Federzoni Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS 2 A01 Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac Ho-Dac, Lydia-Mai Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS 3 A01 Cécile Fabre Fabre, Cécile Cécile Fabre Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CLLE, CNRS 20 coreference chains 20 corpus-based analysis 20 linear approach 01 This corpus-based approach to coreference chains analyzes recurrences in the patterns of chains, providing new insights into conventions or preferences in the forms of referential expressions. By taking into account the linearity of discourse and the succession of mentions, it goes beyond the more commonly implemented analysis of global characteristics. We analyze 581 reference chains from the French corpus AnnoDis. Using clustering methods, we first show that the resulting clusters are linguistically interpretable. We then demonstrate that animacy and genre influence chain composition. Finally we identify the main patterns of coreference chains in the corpus. This highlights different types of chains and discourse strategies, which vary across genres, and confirms a major influence of referent type. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.07van 127 149 23 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">When referents are seen and heard</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparative study of constructed action in the discourse of LSFB (French Belgian Sign Language) signers and Belgian French speakers</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sébastien Vandenitte Vandenitte, Sébastien Sébastien Vandenitte Laboratoire de Langue des signes de Belgique francophone (LSFB-Lab), Namur Institute of Language 20 comparative semiotics 20 corpus linguistics 20 gesture 20 multimodal 20 signed language 01 Constructed action is a referential strategy whereby signers and speakers use their bodies and/or voices to depict referents and their actions. Using a corpus-based study, this chapter compares constructed action in LSFB and Belgian French. It shows both that LSFB signers use constructed action to denote referents more frequently than Belgian French speakers do and that the two language communities use an overlapping set of articulators to enact referents. However, it also sheds light on differences in the use of these articulators, notably facial expression and the use of hand and arm movements, across LSFB and Belgian French. By documenting this referential strategy in a signed and a spoken language, this study informs the field of comparative semiotics. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p2 151 210 60 Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. From conventions to pragmatics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Argumentative contexts</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.08lec 153 170 18 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Human collective nouns and plural definite noun phrases</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Semantic and argumentative perspectives on plural reference in French</Subtitle> 1 A01 Michelle Lecolle Lecolle, Michelle Michelle Lecolle Université Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle 20 argumentation 20 argumentative dimension 20 collective nouns 20 plural reference 20 plurality 01 This chapter explores nominal forms with a plural meaning that denote groups of humans in French: human collective nouns (HCNs) and plural definite noun phrases (NP with [les ‘the’ + Nplural]). I combine semantic-referential and argumentative perspectives in order to assess the role of plural reference in these two domains. After presenting my conception of reference and referent and the specificities of plural reference, I compare the two types of expressions from a semantic-referential point of view, based on expressions with the same extension: the HCNs le peuple (français) ‘the (French) people,’ la population (française) ‘the (French) population,’ l’opinion publique (française) ‘(French) public opinion,’ and the plural definite NPs les Français ‘the French’ and les citoyens (français) ‘(French) citizens.’ 10 01 JB code slcs.228.09var 171 184 14 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Electric vehicles in the press</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Referential expressions as carriers of ideology</Subtitle> 1 A01 Elodie Vargas Vargas, Elodie Elodie Vargas Université Grenoble Alpes 2 A01 Jérémy Machy Machy, Jérémy Jérémy Machy Université Grenoble Alpes 20 anaphora 20 electric vehicle 20 French press 20 German press 20 reference 01 The chapter proposes a corpus-based study of references to electric vehicles, a controversial technological innovation. The aim is to see whether representations, especially as conveyed through referential expressions, show any convergences, whether within a given publication or a given country. The corpus comprises 130 online articles from French and German national daily newspapers (2015–2020), with a special focus on 2017–2018, which witnessed many changes in reporting on electric vehicles. The study finds that referential expressions partly differ in the two countries, especially as regards metaphors. It also shows that referential expressions can only be interpreted in context. A seemingly “neutral” noun phrase may carry strong economic, political and cultural orientations. As such, it is highly subjective, an instrument of power. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.10dje 185 210 26 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Referring to the self and the addressee overtly</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An emerging convention in Indonesian argumentative practice?</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dwi Noverini Djenar Djenar, Dwi Noverini Dwi Noverini Djenar The University of Sydney 20 argumentative discourse 20 Indonesian 20 kin terms 20 overt reference 20 pronouns 01 This chapter explores some ways in which referring to the self and the addressee – or interlocutor reference – by means of pronouns, kin terms or other nouns, accomplishes more than simple referring. Focusing on interlocutor reference in argumentative contexts, the study proposes that referring overtly, i.e., by means of referring forms rather than null expressions, appears to be an emerging convention in Indonesian political argumentation. Data from political interviews are analysed to show how participants employ overt reference to claim knowledge about the states of affairs or the addressee’s cognitive state, position themselves as the party responsible for claims and assertions, and solicit an aligning response from the addressee. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p3 211 266 56 Section header 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. From conventions to pragmatics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Creative uses</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.11ska 213 231 19 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Leaving this unsaid</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A case study of empty this in North American satirical newspaper headlines</Subtitle> 1 A01 Stephen Skalicky Skalicky, Stephen Stephen Skalicky Victoria University 2 A01 Victoria Chen Chen, Victoria Victoria Chen Victoria University 20 demonstrative 20 empty reference 20 inference 20 newspaper headlines 20 satirical news 01 We investigated the use of this in a large corpus of headlines gathered from three North American satirical newspapers (The Onion, The Beaverton, and The Babylon Bee). There were 551 instances of this in the corpus, 26 of which were used pronominally but without a clear referent, which we dub the empty satirical this (e.g., None Of This Would Have Happened Had You Flossed). We argue the lack of a clear referent prompts the co-construction of satirical meaning, the final resolution of which depends upon the reader’s willingness and ability to provide a fitting referent. While infrequent overall, the empty satirical this was found in all three newspapers, representing a creative and unique use of this atypical in non-satirical headlines. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.12oun 233 248 16 Chapter 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Referential conventions as compromise</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of oronyms</Subtitle> 1 A01 Samia Ounoughi Ounoughi, Samia Samia Ounoughi Université Grenoble Alpes 20 corpus linguistics 20 mountains 20 proper nouns 20 reference 20 space 20 toponyms 01 This chapter explores reference in the case of oronyms, that is, proper nouns which designate portions of mountainous relief. As a linguistic function, reference binds a linguistic sign to an extra-linguistic entity. How is this function initiated and how does it operate? I argue that oronyms create referents, the geographical objects speakers create by naming a portion of the relief. Likewise, humans can cognitively divide a spatial continuum to comprehend it better. Oronyms emerge from the naming process I call “toponymation”. They design (create) and designate (name) a referent which has fleeting contours and is thus difficult to retrieve. I explore oronyms in a corpus of alpine travel narratives to identify what criteria are necessary to reach towards what I call “referential efficiency”. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.13ber 249 266 18 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Referring to an avenue as an ‘artery’ ( artère ) in French</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">From lexical signification to referential and discursive issues</Subtitle> 1 A01 Thomas Bertin Bertin, Thomas Thomas Bertin Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LaTIM 20 argumentation 20 artère (‘artery’) 20 discourse analysis 20 lexical signification 20 reference 01 This study draws on lexical semantics to support a discourse analysis perspective (Gosselin 2018; Galatanu 2018). It examines the use of the French noun artère ‘artery’ (a common word from the lexicon (Maingueneau 2021)) to refer to a street-like entity (street, avenue, boulevard, etc.). The empirical investigation was based on an analysis of 150 utterances (extracted from three full-text databases). On the one hand, the study shows that selecting artère to refer to a street-like entity is a discursive strategy targeting a significant representation of the referent, especially when this referent is not a prototypical urban street. On the other hand, it supports the idea that this discursive choice strongly relies on the lexical signification of artère (Bertin 2018). 10 01 JB code slcs.228.p4 267 345 79 Section header 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. From conventions to pragmatics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Speaker adjustments in interaction</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code slcs.228.14con 269 285 17 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Who creates reference?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Reference as an interactive procedure in discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 Manfred Consten Consten, Manfred Manfred Consten Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 20 collaboration 20 conversation 20 discourse 20 hearer 20 interaction 01 This contribution sketches the role of hearers in the long history of reference research. Canonical approaches from semantics and (early) pragmatics as well as cognitive approaches are discussed with respect to the increasing role that hearers play in these various notions of reference. In the framework of Text-world model theory, reference objects are considered to be mental concepts that can vary as discourse progresses, as a result of a negotiation between speakers and hearers. Examples from German oral conversation corpora show that reference should be described as a collaborative, interactive procedure in order to get a notion of reference that is compatible with and useful for the analysis of conversation phenomena. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.15bal 287 304 18 Chapter 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">“ peut-être on peut improviser un peu ”</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The emergence of joint construction of reference in a card game situation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Heike Baldauf-Quilliatre Baldauf-Quilliatre, Heike Heike Baldauf-Quilliatre Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR 2 A01 Elizaveta Chernyshova Chernyshova, Elizaveta Elizaveta Chernyshova SKILDER 3 A01 Isabel Colon de Carvajal Colon de Carvajal, Isabel Isabel Colon de Carvajal ENS de Lyon, ICAR 4 A01 Carole Etienne Etienne, Carole Carole Etienne CNRS, ICAR 5 A01 Lydia Heiden Heiden, Lydia Lydia Heiden Université Lumière Lyon 2, ICAR, SKILDER 6 A01 Laurène Smykowski Smykowski, Laurène Laurène Smykowski ICAR 20 interaction 20 jointly constructed reference 20 multimodality 20 naturally occurring data 01 Following the methodological approach of multimodal conversation analysis, our study focuses on the emergence of a jointly constructed reference during a card game interaction: the participants need to find a common solution in order to continue their activity. The data collected in situ allow us to apprehend the different verbal and non-verbal resources mobilised by the players in order to show that in social interaction reference construction is a joint achievement that involves various types of resources which are temporally finely tuned (among others joint visual attention on the object gesturally put in focus). We also show that once a referent-function association is established and grounded, it can be “activated” later on by using an iconic gesture. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.16dav 305 322 18 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Temporal reference in oral narratives produced by French learners of English as a second language</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of AND</Subtitle> 1 A01 Caroline David David, Caroline Caroline David Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA 2 A01 Laurence Vincent-Durroux Vincent-Durroux, Laurence Laurence Vincent-Durroux Université Grenoble Alpes 3 A01 Kerry Mullan Mullan, Kerry Kerry Mullan RMIT University 4 A01 Christine Béal Béal, Christine Christine Béal Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Praxiling 5 A01 Cécile Poussard Poussard, Cécile Cécile Poussard Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA 20 AND 20 English L1 20 English L2 20 French L1 20 temporal reference 01 The differing approaches to expressing temporality across languages lead us to question what difficulties might be experienced by learners of a second language when referring to time. We examine the spoken data of 33 French university learners of English to assess their mastery of the English system of temporal reference, especially the case of and, a discourse marker which may seem easy to acquire. We find that the subtleties of and are still to be acquired by even relatively advanced learners. Our participants do not use and in the way the native English speakers do, but as its French equivalent et. Conversely, the native English speakers also use and to structure their speech, a value that our French participants have not acquired. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.17lem 323 345 23 Chapter 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">The influence of formal and functional factors</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marine Le Mené Guigourès Le Mené Guigourès, Marine Marine Le Mené Guigourès Université du Québec à Montréal, ISC & CRBLM 2 A01 Anne Salazar-Orvig Salazar-Orvig, Anne Anne Salazar-Orvig Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA 3 A01 Christine da Silva-Genest da Silva-Genest, Christine Christine da Silva-Genest Université de Lorraine, DevAH & ATILF 4 A01 Haydée Marcos Marcos, Haydée Haydée Marcos Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, CLESTHIA 20 activities 20 adult-child interactions 20 discourse types 20 language acquisition 20 pronouns 01 This chapter focuses on the choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues, and particularly on the identification of formal and functional conditions promoting the uses of personal and demonstrative pronouns. The study is based on a corpus of 22 parent-child dyads. Children are aged from 21 to 27 months and interact with their interlocutor in various activities. Referring expressions were analysed according to their syntactic function, the activity dyads were involved in, the discourse type and their position in the referential chain. Our results show a strong interaction between formal and functional factors, in adults’ and children’s discourse, and confirm that the acquisition of pronouns’ referential value originates in the uptake of discourse sequences within the frame of familiar activities. 10 01 JB code slcs.228.index 347 1 Miscellaneous 99 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20230202 2023 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 775 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 84 18 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 18 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 6 18 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD