370026663 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 231 Eb 15 9789027254474 06 10.1075/slcs.231 13 2022056094 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 0165-7763 02 231.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2023 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2023 (ca. 775 titles, starting 2018) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2024 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2024 (ca. 640 titles, starting 2019) 11 01 JB code jbe-2023 01 02 2023 collection (91 titles) 01 01 Micro- and Macro-variation of Causal Clauses Synchronic and Diachronic Insights Micro- and Macro-variation of Causal Clauses: Synchronic and Diachronic Insights 1 B01 01 JB code 380389168 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/380389168 2 B01 01 JB code 38389169 Constanze Fleczoreck Fleczoreck, Constanze Constanze Fleczoreck Leibniz University Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/38389169 01 eng 11 361 03 03 vii 03 00 353 03 01 23/eng/20230227 415 03 2023 P297 10 LAN009060 12 CFK 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 This collection presents novel insights into the micro- and macro-variation of causal clauses from a cross-linguistic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic setting the scene, and nine chapters based on data from Dutch, German, English, Icelandic, Chinese, and Japanese. 03 00 This collection presents novel insights into the micro- and macro-variation of causal clauses from a cross-linguistic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic setting the scene and nine chapters based on data from Dutch, German, English, Icelandic, Chinese, and Japanese. Topics discussed in the individual chapters involve, inter alia, external, internal and linear syntax of adverbial clauses expressing a causal relation, their semantic interpretation and information-structural properties, verb position, volitionality, and the development of particular causal conjunctions. The findings gained here are of synchronic and diachronic nature and offer new theoretical perspectives on how causal dependency relationships are expressed by inherent causal morpho-syntactic patterns. They also provide a deeper comprehension of how sentential modifiers work, emerge, and develop in general. This volume is an asset to grammarians, syntacticians, theoretical, and historical linguists. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.231.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027213419.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027213419.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.231.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.231.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.231.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.231.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.231.pre 06 10.1075/slcs.231.pre vii vii 1 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface and acknowledgments Preface and acknowledgments 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.01jed 06 10.1075/slcs.231.01jed 1 12 12 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. Outline of the volume Chapter 1. Outline of the volume 1 A01 01 JB code 826450154 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/826450154 2 A01 01 JB code 380450155 Constanze Fleczoreck Fleczoreck, Constanze Constanze Fleczoreck Leibniz University Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/380450155 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.p1 06 10.1075/slcs.231.p1 13 48 36 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Setting the scene Part I. Setting the scene 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.02jed 06 10.1075/slcs.231.02jed 15 48 34 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Adverbial clauses and their variation Chapter 2. Adverbial clauses and their variation 01 04 The case of causal clauses in German The case of causal clauses in German 1 A01 01 JB code 783450156 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/783450156 2 A01 01 JB code 199450157 Constanze Fleczoreck Fleczoreck, Constanze Constanze Fleczoreck 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/199450157 01 eng 30 00 In this introduction chapter, we depict the variation of adverbial clauses focusing on causal clauses in German. We briefly overview the most important findings both from a synchronic and diachronic point of view, and embed them into a more general discussion on adverbial clause-linkage. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.p2 06 10.1075/slcs.231.p2 49 266 218 Section header 5 01 04 Part II. Synchronic variation Part II. Synchronic variation 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.03fre 06 10.1075/slcs.231.03fre 51 100 50 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 3. Types of German causal clauses and their syntactic-semantic layers Chapter 3. Types of German causal clauses and their syntactic-semantic layers 1 A01 01 JB code 573450158 Werner Frey Frey, Werner Werner Frey 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/573450158 01 eng 30 00 This chapter aims to discuss some distinguishing syntactic and interpretative properties of German causal weil-clauses, da-clauses and verb-first causal clauses. The chapter argues that these different properties can be fruitfully analysed in Krifka’s (2018, to appear) system of decomposition of a speech act into the levels of a proposition, of a judgement, of a commitment and of a speech act. These semantic levels are represented in syntax by TP, JP, ComP and ActP, respectively. Standardly, a weil-clause is just a TP (covered by a CP-shell). In contrast, a da-clause is of the more complex category JP (covered by a CP-shell), which is adjoined to the JP of its host, i.e., a da-clause is interconnected with a judgement. Related to this there are, for example, the findings that in contrast to the situation with a weil-clause, a da-clause cannot be narrowly focal, that the causal relation expressed by da is not at-issue, and that there is no binding from the host into a da-clause. Furthermore, a da-clause may host a certain type of root phenomena. A verb-first causal clause is of the most complex category ActP and is licensed by an ActP. It cannot be syntactically embedded and it has illocutionary force, which, however, has a supporting function with regard to the illocutionary force of the preceding sentence. A verb-first causal clause may host all kinds of root phenomena. The chapter also compares Krifka’s layers of interpretation and Sweetser’s (1990) three domains of interpretation (content, epistemic, speech act) and shows that these two classifications complement each other with correlations. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.04pit 06 10.1075/slcs.231.04pit 101 128 28 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 4. Pragmatic subordination Chapter 4. Pragmatic subordination 01 04 Causal clauses with verb first position in German Causal clauses with verb first position in German 1 A01 01 JB code 60450159 Karin Pittner Pittner, Karin Karin Pittner Ruhr-Universität Bochum 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/60450159 01 eng 30 00 The article deals with a special type of causal clauses in German which exhibits the properties of verb-first position, an obligatory modal particle doch and obligatory postposition. It has often been noted that these clauses are neither clearly subordinated nor coordinated. Syntactic tests show that these clauses are not constituents of the clause they are related to and they may not be focussed, nor may the causal relation itself be focussed. Moreover, there are no correlates for them in their host clause. These characteristics show that the clauses in question contain their own information units. It is argued that the causal meaning of these clauses is an inference due to an interplay of the verb first position, the meaning of doch and the postposition of these clauses. The verb position signals a close connection to the preceding clause as well as a diminished assertive force. The modal particle doch signals that the information given is uncontroversial but assumed not to be taken into account presently by the recipient. It is argued that the postposition of these clauses is due to the fact that these clauses have a kind of repair function and serve to support the acceptance of the preceding clause. It is shown that these clauses express their own illocutions which are subsidiary to the illocution of the preceding utterance. Thus these sentences are pragmatically subordinated although they do not exhibit characteristics of syntactic subordination. The article closes with a short discussion of some hypotheses concerning the diachronic development of this special sentence type. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.05hae 06 10.1075/slcs.231.05hae 129 166 38 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 5. English rationale since and a reassessment of the typology of adverbial clauses Chapter 5. English rationale since and a reassessment of the typology of adverbial clauses 1 A01 01 JB code 949450161 Manuela Schönenberger Schönenberger, Manuela Manuela Schönenberger University of Geneva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/949450161 2 A01 01 JB code 553450160 Liliane Haegeman Haegeman, Liliane Liliane Haegeman Ghent University/University of Geneva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/553450160 01 eng 30 00 This chapter examines the syntactic and semantic properties of English causal adverbial clauses, starting from the fact that the conjunctions since and as can both introduce either a temporal clause or a rationale clause. Where relevant, the material is supplemented with data from Dutch causal adverbial clauses, focusing on the interaction with the syntax of Verb Second. It is shown that the bipartite distinction between ‘central’ adverbial clauses and ‘peripheral’ adverbial clauses (Haegeman 1984a, 1991/2009, a.o.) should be reconsidered. Frey’s (2016, 2018) ternary distinction is adopted, which differentiates between central adverbial clauses (CACs) and peripheral adverbial clauses (PACs), both regarded as syntactically integrated, and non-integrated clauses. Evidence is provided for Frey’s hypothesis that PACs are related to JudgementP (Krifka 2017). 01 01 JB code slcs.231.06hoe 06 10.1075/slcs.231.06hoe 167 183 17 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 6. Expressing non-volitional causality in English Chapter 6. Expressing non-volitional causality in English 1 A01 01 JB code 124450162 Jet Hoek Hoek, Jet Jet Hoek Radboud University Nijmegen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/124450162 2 A01 01 JB code 458450163 Merel C.J. Scholman Scholman, Merel C.J. Merel C.J. Scholman Saarland University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/458450163 01 eng 30 00 English because is assumed to be polysemous in that it can be used to mark causal relations in all domains. The current study examines this claim and explores the suitability of because to mark non-volitional content relations. In a parallel corpus study, we investigate how causal relations translated into Dutch using doordat (prototypically marking non-volitional causal relations), omdat (marking content relations), and want (marking epistemic and speech act relations) were originally expressed in English. The results show that while omdat and want are indeed typically translations of because in English, non-volitional doordat is not. A qualitative analysis reveals that non-volitional causality is more often expressed in English in a single discourse unit or using a connective restricted to the content domain. These findings have important consequences for the presumed domain generality of English because and call for a reconsideration of English translation recommendations for doordat. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.07ang 06 10.1075/slcs.231.07ang 184 220 37 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 7. Layers of subordinate clauses Chapter 7. Layers of subordinate clauses 01 04 A view from causal af-thvi-ad-clauses in Icelandic A view from causal af-því-að -clauses in Icelandic 1 A01 01 JB code 10450164 Ásgrímur Angantýsson Angantýsson, Ásgrímur Ásgrímur Angantýsson University of Iceland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/10450164 2 A01 01 JB code 162450165 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/162450165 01 eng 30 00 The main aim of this chapter is to examine adverbial causal af-því-að-clauses in modern Icelandic. Semantically, we argue that af-því-að-clauses can be interpreted as eventuality-related, as evidential or as speech-act-related causal clauses. Syntactically, we show that af-því-að-clauses can be analyzed as central, peripheral or disintegrated adverbial clauses in the sense claimed by Haegeman (2010, 2012), Schönenberger and Haegeman (this volume), and Frey (2011, 2012, 2016). Based on Krifka (to appear) and Frey (2020, to appear, this volume), we assume af-því-að-clauses to be assertive clauses attaching – depending on their interpretation – as Tense Phrase, Judge Phrase or Act Phrase adjuncts. Essentially, we take interpretative differences to follow from the distinct attachment heights. Main arguments for this three part division are based on binding data, embeddability, movement restrictions, and clausal anaphora. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.08pan 06 10.1075/slcs.231.08pan 221 249 29 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 8. On the syntax of causal clauses in Mandarin Chinese Chapter 8. On the syntax of causal clauses in Mandarin Chinese 1 A01 01 JB code 286450166 Victor Junnan Pan Pan, Victor Junnan Victor Junnan Pan The Chinese University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/286450166 2 A01 01 JB code 743450167 Bin Zhu Zhu, Bin Bin Zhu Central China Normal University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/743450167 01 eng 30 00 This chapter examines problems and issues related to the syntax of causal-consequent clauses in Chinese. Conjunctions that introduce these clauses in Chinese do not form a homogeneous syntactic category: Some are analyzed as complementizers, whereas the others as prepositions. Furthermore, both orders, “causal clause > consequent clause” and “consequent clause > causal clause”, are observed in Chinese and we will argue that there is not necessarily any derivational relation between them. A causal clause will be analyzed as an adjunct to a consequent clause. Sentence-final particles in Chinese head different types of functional projections in the left-periphery and they can take a causal or a consequent clause as their complement. The interaction between clauses and particles will also be examined in detail. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.09end 06 10.1075/slcs.231.09end 250 266 17 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 9. Three ReasonPs Chapter 9. Three ReasonPs 01 04 A view from free adjuncts A view from free adjuncts 1 A01 01 JB code 182450168 Yoshio Endo Endo, Yoshio Yoshio Endo Kanda University of International Studies 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/182450168 01 eng 30 00 In this chapter, I will discuss three types of reason expressions in the framework of the cartography of syntactic structures. After reviewing the previous analyses of two ReasonPs that house reason expressions, it will be shown that there is still another ReasonP that houses reason expressions involving free adjuncts. I will further explore the possibility of splitting up the new type of ReasonP into the central type and the peripheral type by extending Haegeman’s (2012) idea of adverbial clauses. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.p3 06 10.1075/slcs.231.p3 267 345 79 Section header 13 01 04 Part III. Diachrony Part III. Diachrony 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.10ebe 06 10.1075/slcs.231.10ebe 269 310 42 Chapter 14 01 04 Chapter 10. On the divergent developments of two German causal subjunctions Chapter 10. On the divergent developments of two German causal subjunctions 01 04 Syntactic reanalysis and the evolution of causal meaning Syntactic reanalysis and the evolution of causal meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 749450169 Ira Eberhardt Eberhardt, Ira Ira Eberhardt University of Tübingen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/749450169 2 A01 01 JB code 582450170 Katrin Axel-Tober Axel-Tober, Katrin Katrin Axel-Tober University of Tübingen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/582450170 01 eng 30 00 This chapter discusses the development of two German causal subjunctions weil and zumal. In particular, it introduces a new proposal for the syntactic reanalysis of weil in the C0-position from a free relative clause. Later, weil-clauses also underwent a shift in meaning in the course of which weil developed from a temporal into a causal subjunction. The development of temporal into causal meaning is widely-attested cross-linguistically. This chapter argues that in the case of German, the actuation of this general path was probably enabled by prior extensions of the temporal meaning, which had made the subjunction into a universal subjunction of simultaneity relations. The subjunction zumal, by contrast, developed from the combination zumal weil ‘especially since’ after zumal had been reanalyzed in the C0-position. The reanalysis only concerned the internal syntax of the clause. Its external syntax and the meaning remained stable and corresponded to zumal weil-clauses. Based on these findings, it will be argued more generally that the development of new elements in the C0-position takes place through the fusion of the properties of the new and the old C0-elements. After the reanalysis, the new C0-element has the subordinating force of the old C0-element as well as the semantic content of the new and the old C0-element. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.11spe 06 10.1075/slcs.231.11spe 311 345 35 Chapter 15 01 04 Chapter 11. Factors for the integration of causal clauses in the history of German Chapter 11. Factors for the integration of causal clauses in the history of German 1 A01 01 JB code 26450171 Augustin Speyer Speyer, Augustin Augustin Speyer Saarland University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/26450171 2 A01 01 JB code 459450172 Sophia Voigtmann Voigtmann, Sophia Sophia Voigtmann Saarland University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/459450172 01 eng 30 00 The variation between integrated (verb-final) and independent (verb-second) causal clauses in German could depend on the amount of information conveyed in that clause. A lower amount might lead to integration, a higher amount to independence, as processing constraints might forbid integration of highly informative clauses. We use two ways to measure information amount: 1. the average ratio of given referents within the clause, 2. the cumulative surprisal of all words in the clause. Focusing on historical stages of German, a significant correlation between amount of information and integration was visible, regardless which method was used. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.li 06 10.1075/slcs.231.li 347 347 1 Miscellaneous 16 01 04 Language index Language index 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.si 06 10.1075/slcs.231.si 348 353 6 Miscellaneous 17 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.231 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20230301 C 2023 John Benjamins D 2023 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027213419 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027254474 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 105.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 88.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 158.00 USD 809026662 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 231 Hb 15 9789027213419 06 10.1075/slcs.231 13 2022056093 00 BB 08 785 gr 10 01 JB code SLCS 02 0165-7763 02 231.00 01 02 Studies in Language Companion Series Studies in Language Companion Series 01 01 Micro- and Macro-variation of Causal Clauses Synchronic and Diachronic Insights Micro- and Macro-variation of Causal Clauses: Synchronic and Diachronic Insights 1 B01 01 JB code 380389168 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/380389168 2 B01 01 JB code 38389169 Constanze Fleczoreck Fleczoreck, Constanze Constanze Fleczoreck Leibniz University Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/38389169 01 eng 11 361 03 03 vii 03 00 353 03 01 23/eng/20230227 415 03 2023 P297 10 LAN009060 12 CFK 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 This collection presents novel insights into the micro- and macro-variation of causal clauses from a cross-linguistic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic setting the scene, and nine chapters based on data from Dutch, German, English, Icelandic, Chinese, and Japanese. 03 00 This collection presents novel insights into the micro- and macro-variation of causal clauses from a cross-linguistic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic setting the scene and nine chapters based on data from Dutch, German, English, Icelandic, Chinese, and Japanese. Topics discussed in the individual chapters involve, inter alia, external, internal and linear syntax of adverbial clauses expressing a causal relation, their semantic interpretation and information-structural properties, verb position, volitionality, and the development of particular causal conjunctions. The findings gained here are of synchronic and diachronic nature and offer new theoretical perspectives on how causal dependency relationships are expressed by inherent causal morpho-syntactic patterns. They also provide a deeper comprehension of how sentential modifiers work, emerge, and develop in general. This volume is an asset to grammarians, syntacticians, theoretical, and historical linguists. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.231.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027213419.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027213419.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.231.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.231.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.231.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.231.hb.png 01 01 JB code slcs.231.pre 06 10.1075/slcs.231.pre vii vii 1 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface and acknowledgments Preface and acknowledgments 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.01jed 06 10.1075/slcs.231.01jed 1 12 12 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. Outline of the volume Chapter 1. Outline of the volume 1 A01 01 JB code 826450154 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/826450154 2 A01 01 JB code 380450155 Constanze Fleczoreck Fleczoreck, Constanze Constanze Fleczoreck Leibniz University Hannover 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/380450155 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.p1 06 10.1075/slcs.231.p1 13 48 36 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Setting the scene Part I. Setting the scene 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.02jed 06 10.1075/slcs.231.02jed 15 48 34 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Adverbial clauses and their variation Chapter 2. Adverbial clauses and their variation 01 04 The case of causal clauses in German The case of causal clauses in German 1 A01 01 JB code 783450156 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/783450156 2 A01 01 JB code 199450157 Constanze Fleczoreck Fleczoreck, Constanze Constanze Fleczoreck 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/199450157 01 eng 30 00 In this introduction chapter, we depict the variation of adverbial clauses focusing on causal clauses in German. We briefly overview the most important findings both from a synchronic and diachronic point of view, and embed them into a more general discussion on adverbial clause-linkage. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.p2 06 10.1075/slcs.231.p2 49 266 218 Section header 5 01 04 Part II. Synchronic variation Part II. Synchronic variation 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.03fre 06 10.1075/slcs.231.03fre 51 100 50 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 3. Types of German causal clauses and their syntactic-semantic layers Chapter 3. Types of German causal clauses and their syntactic-semantic layers 1 A01 01 JB code 573450158 Werner Frey Frey, Werner Werner Frey 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/573450158 01 eng 30 00 This chapter aims to discuss some distinguishing syntactic and interpretative properties of German causal weil-clauses, da-clauses and verb-first causal clauses. The chapter argues that these different properties can be fruitfully analysed in Krifka’s (2018, to appear) system of decomposition of a speech act into the levels of a proposition, of a judgement, of a commitment and of a speech act. These semantic levels are represented in syntax by TP, JP, ComP and ActP, respectively. Standardly, a weil-clause is just a TP (covered by a CP-shell). In contrast, a da-clause is of the more complex category JP (covered by a CP-shell), which is adjoined to the JP of its host, i.e., a da-clause is interconnected with a judgement. Related to this there are, for example, the findings that in contrast to the situation with a weil-clause, a da-clause cannot be narrowly focal, that the causal relation expressed by da is not at-issue, and that there is no binding from the host into a da-clause. Furthermore, a da-clause may host a certain type of root phenomena. A verb-first causal clause is of the most complex category ActP and is licensed by an ActP. It cannot be syntactically embedded and it has illocutionary force, which, however, has a supporting function with regard to the illocutionary force of the preceding sentence. A verb-first causal clause may host all kinds of root phenomena. The chapter also compares Krifka’s layers of interpretation and Sweetser’s (1990) three domains of interpretation (content, epistemic, speech act) and shows that these two classifications complement each other with correlations. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.04pit 06 10.1075/slcs.231.04pit 101 128 28 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 4. Pragmatic subordination Chapter 4. Pragmatic subordination 01 04 Causal clauses with verb first position in German Causal clauses with verb first position in German 1 A01 01 JB code 60450159 Karin Pittner Pittner, Karin Karin Pittner Ruhr-Universität Bochum 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/60450159 01 eng 30 00 The article deals with a special type of causal clauses in German which exhibits the properties of verb-first position, an obligatory modal particle doch and obligatory postposition. It has often been noted that these clauses are neither clearly subordinated nor coordinated. Syntactic tests show that these clauses are not constituents of the clause they are related to and they may not be focussed, nor may the causal relation itself be focussed. Moreover, there are no correlates for them in their host clause. These characteristics show that the clauses in question contain their own information units. It is argued that the causal meaning of these clauses is an inference due to an interplay of the verb first position, the meaning of doch and the postposition of these clauses. The verb position signals a close connection to the preceding clause as well as a diminished assertive force. The modal particle doch signals that the information given is uncontroversial but assumed not to be taken into account presently by the recipient. It is argued that the postposition of these clauses is due to the fact that these clauses have a kind of repair function and serve to support the acceptance of the preceding clause. It is shown that these clauses express their own illocutions which are subsidiary to the illocution of the preceding utterance. Thus these sentences are pragmatically subordinated although they do not exhibit characteristics of syntactic subordination. The article closes with a short discussion of some hypotheses concerning the diachronic development of this special sentence type. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.05hae 06 10.1075/slcs.231.05hae 129 166 38 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 5. English rationale since and a reassessment of the typology of adverbial clauses Chapter 5. English rationale since and a reassessment of the typology of adverbial clauses 1 A01 01 JB code 949450161 Manuela Schönenberger Schönenberger, Manuela Manuela Schönenberger University of Geneva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/949450161 2 A01 01 JB code 553450160 Liliane Haegeman Haegeman, Liliane Liliane Haegeman Ghent University/University of Geneva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/553450160 01 eng 30 00 This chapter examines the syntactic and semantic properties of English causal adverbial clauses, starting from the fact that the conjunctions since and as can both introduce either a temporal clause or a rationale clause. Where relevant, the material is supplemented with data from Dutch causal adverbial clauses, focusing on the interaction with the syntax of Verb Second. It is shown that the bipartite distinction between ‘central’ adverbial clauses and ‘peripheral’ adverbial clauses (Haegeman 1984a, 1991/2009, a.o.) should be reconsidered. Frey’s (2016, 2018) ternary distinction is adopted, which differentiates between central adverbial clauses (CACs) and peripheral adverbial clauses (PACs), both regarded as syntactically integrated, and non-integrated clauses. Evidence is provided for Frey’s hypothesis that PACs are related to JudgementP (Krifka 2017). 01 01 JB code slcs.231.06hoe 06 10.1075/slcs.231.06hoe 167 183 17 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 6. Expressing non-volitional causality in English Chapter 6. Expressing non-volitional causality in English 1 A01 01 JB code 124450162 Jet Hoek Hoek, Jet Jet Hoek Radboud University Nijmegen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/124450162 2 A01 01 JB code 458450163 Merel C.J. Scholman Scholman, Merel C.J. Merel C.J. Scholman Saarland University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/458450163 01 eng 30 00 English because is assumed to be polysemous in that it can be used to mark causal relations in all domains. The current study examines this claim and explores the suitability of because to mark non-volitional content relations. In a parallel corpus study, we investigate how causal relations translated into Dutch using doordat (prototypically marking non-volitional causal relations), omdat (marking content relations), and want (marking epistemic and speech act relations) were originally expressed in English. The results show that while omdat and want are indeed typically translations of because in English, non-volitional doordat is not. A qualitative analysis reveals that non-volitional causality is more often expressed in English in a single discourse unit or using a connective restricted to the content domain. These findings have important consequences for the presumed domain generality of English because and call for a reconsideration of English translation recommendations for doordat. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.07ang 06 10.1075/slcs.231.07ang 184 220 37 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 7. Layers of subordinate clauses Chapter 7. Layers of subordinate clauses 01 04 A view from causal af-thvi-ad-clauses in Icelandic A view from causal af-því-að -clauses in Icelandic 1 A01 01 JB code 10450164 Ásgrímur Angantýsson Angantýsson, Ásgrímur Ásgrímur Angantýsson University of Iceland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/10450164 2 A01 01 JB code 162450165 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/162450165 01 eng 30 00 The main aim of this chapter is to examine adverbial causal af-því-að-clauses in modern Icelandic. Semantically, we argue that af-því-að-clauses can be interpreted as eventuality-related, as evidential or as speech-act-related causal clauses. Syntactically, we show that af-því-að-clauses can be analyzed as central, peripheral or disintegrated adverbial clauses in the sense claimed by Haegeman (2010, 2012), Schönenberger and Haegeman (this volume), and Frey (2011, 2012, 2016). Based on Krifka (to appear) and Frey (2020, to appear, this volume), we assume af-því-að-clauses to be assertive clauses attaching – depending on their interpretation – as Tense Phrase, Judge Phrase or Act Phrase adjuncts. Essentially, we take interpretative differences to follow from the distinct attachment heights. Main arguments for this three part division are based on binding data, embeddability, movement restrictions, and clausal anaphora. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.08pan 06 10.1075/slcs.231.08pan 221 249 29 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 8. On the syntax of causal clauses in Mandarin Chinese Chapter 8. On the syntax of causal clauses in Mandarin Chinese 1 A01 01 JB code 286450166 Victor Junnan Pan Pan, Victor Junnan Victor Junnan Pan The Chinese University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/286450166 2 A01 01 JB code 743450167 Bin Zhu Zhu, Bin Bin Zhu Central China Normal University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/743450167 01 eng 30 00 This chapter examines problems and issues related to the syntax of causal-consequent clauses in Chinese. Conjunctions that introduce these clauses in Chinese do not form a homogeneous syntactic category: Some are analyzed as complementizers, whereas the others as prepositions. Furthermore, both orders, “causal clause > consequent clause” and “consequent clause > causal clause”, are observed in Chinese and we will argue that there is not necessarily any derivational relation between them. A causal clause will be analyzed as an adjunct to a consequent clause. Sentence-final particles in Chinese head different types of functional projections in the left-periphery and they can take a causal or a consequent clause as their complement. The interaction between clauses and particles will also be examined in detail. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.09end 06 10.1075/slcs.231.09end 250 266 17 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 9. Three ReasonPs Chapter 9. Three ReasonPs 01 04 A view from free adjuncts A view from free adjuncts 1 A01 01 JB code 182450168 Yoshio Endo Endo, Yoshio Yoshio Endo Kanda University of International Studies 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/182450168 01 eng 30 00 In this chapter, I will discuss three types of reason expressions in the framework of the cartography of syntactic structures. After reviewing the previous analyses of two ReasonPs that house reason expressions, it will be shown that there is still another ReasonP that houses reason expressions involving free adjuncts. I will further explore the possibility of splitting up the new type of ReasonP into the central type and the peripheral type by extending Haegeman’s (2012) idea of adverbial clauses. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.p3 06 10.1075/slcs.231.p3 267 345 79 Section header 13 01 04 Part III. Diachrony Part III. Diachrony 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.10ebe 06 10.1075/slcs.231.10ebe 269 310 42 Chapter 14 01 04 Chapter 10. On the divergent developments of two German causal subjunctions Chapter 10. On the divergent developments of two German causal subjunctions 01 04 Syntactic reanalysis and the evolution of causal meaning Syntactic reanalysis and the evolution of causal meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 749450169 Ira Eberhardt Eberhardt, Ira Ira Eberhardt University of Tübingen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/749450169 2 A01 01 JB code 582450170 Katrin Axel-Tober Axel-Tober, Katrin Katrin Axel-Tober University of Tübingen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/582450170 01 eng 30 00 This chapter discusses the development of two German causal subjunctions weil and zumal. In particular, it introduces a new proposal for the syntactic reanalysis of weil in the C0-position from a free relative clause. Later, weil-clauses also underwent a shift in meaning in the course of which weil developed from a temporal into a causal subjunction. The development of temporal into causal meaning is widely-attested cross-linguistically. This chapter argues that in the case of German, the actuation of this general path was probably enabled by prior extensions of the temporal meaning, which had made the subjunction into a universal subjunction of simultaneity relations. The subjunction zumal, by contrast, developed from the combination zumal weil ‘especially since’ after zumal had been reanalyzed in the C0-position. The reanalysis only concerned the internal syntax of the clause. Its external syntax and the meaning remained stable and corresponded to zumal weil-clauses. Based on these findings, it will be argued more generally that the development of new elements in the C0-position takes place through the fusion of the properties of the new and the old C0-elements. After the reanalysis, the new C0-element has the subordinating force of the old C0-element as well as the semantic content of the new and the old C0-element. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.11spe 06 10.1075/slcs.231.11spe 311 345 35 Chapter 15 01 04 Chapter 11. Factors for the integration of causal clauses in the history of German Chapter 11. Factors for the integration of causal clauses in the history of German 1 A01 01 JB code 26450171 Augustin Speyer Speyer, Augustin Augustin Speyer Saarland University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/26450171 2 A01 01 JB code 459450172 Sophia Voigtmann Voigtmann, Sophia Sophia Voigtmann Saarland University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/459450172 01 eng 30 00 The variation between integrated (verb-final) and independent (verb-second) causal clauses in German could depend on the amount of information conveyed in that clause. A lower amount might lead to integration, a higher amount to independence, as processing constraints might forbid integration of highly informative clauses. We use two ways to measure information amount: 1. the average ratio of given referents within the clause, 2. the cumulative surprisal of all words in the clause. Focusing on historical stages of German, a significant correlation between amount of information and integration was visible, regardless which method was used. 01 01 JB code slcs.231.li 06 10.1075/slcs.231.li 347 347 1 Miscellaneous 16 01 04 Language index Language index 01 eng 01 01 JB code slcs.231.si 06 10.1075/slcs.231.si 348 353 6 Miscellaneous 17 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.231 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20230301 C 2023 John Benjamins D 2023 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 53 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 105.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 88.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 53 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 158.00 USD