214032271 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 241 Eb 15 9789027243072 06 10.1075/slcs.241 DG 002 02 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 241 01 slcs.241 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.241 1 B01 Monielly Serafim Serafim, Monielly Monielly Serafim Escola SEB 2 B01 Matthias Mittendorfer Mittendorfer, Matthias Matthias Mittendorfer University of Vienna 3 B01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 01 eng 445 vi 433 + index LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.MORPH Morphology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 <i>The Interpersonal Level in Functional Discourse Grammar</i> presents recent advancements in Functional Discourse Grammar since the framework’s introduction by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008). This volume refines the theory’s pragmatic level of analysis through theoretical innovation and application to diverse linguistic data. The contributions focus on the formal reflection of pragmatic distinctions in morphosyntactic and phonological encoding, a domain where FDG’s hierarchical top-down architecture is particularly effective. Key areas of investigation include the detailed study of prosody in FDG, the study of insultives as a grammatical category, the relevance of a Comment layer in FDG, the analysis of performatives, the study of morphopragmatic phenomena in FDG, among others. By synthesizing theoretical refinement with empirical work, the volume contributes to ongoing research into the interface between pragmatics and grammar, and as such it is intended for researchers and advanced students in specialized graduate-level courses. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.241.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027237989.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027237989.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.241.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.241.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.241.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.241.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.241.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages -1 10 01 JB code slcs.241.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 0 10 01 JB code slcs.241.int 1 18 18 Chapter 1 1 A01 Monielly Serafim Serafim, Monielly Monielly Serafim Escola SEB, São José do Rio Preto 2 A01 Matthias Mittendorfer Mittendorfer, Matthias Matthias Mittendorfer University of Vienna 3 A01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 20 discourse 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 morphosyntax 20 phonology 20 pragmatics 01 In this introductory chapter, we first provide a description of the topic of this volume, the Interpersonal Level in Functional Discourse Grammar, stressing the fact that, in compliance with the Principle of Formal Encoding that is central in FDG, this level captures pragmatic distinctions to the extent that these are encoded morphosyntactically or phonologically. We then provide an overview of the model of Functional Discourse Grammar as a whole, so as to explain the place of the Interpersonal Level within it. Finally, we provide a preview of the remaining chapters in the volume, focusing on their contribution to the overall topic. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p1 19 1 Section header 2 10 01 JB code slcs.241.01kei 20 67 48 Chapter 3 1 A01 Evelien Keizer Keizer, Evelien Evelien Keizer University of Vienna 2 A01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 3 A01 Riccardo Giomi Giomi, Riccardo Riccardo Giomi University of Amsterdam 20 discourse 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 layered structure 20 pragmatics 01 This chapter provides an overview of the organization of the Interpersonal Level in Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). The Interpersonal Level in FDG captures the actional aspects of utterances to the extent that these are formally encoded, including, among many other aspects, rhetorical relations, illocutionary force, speaker attitude, and definiteness and specificity. The chapter pays special attention to the changes proposed as regards the architecture of the Interpersonal Level since its first full presentation in Hengeveld &#38; Mackenzie (2008) 10 01 JB code slcs.241.02sch 68 93 26 Chapter 4 1 A01 Thomas Schwaiger Schwaiger, Thomas Thomas Schwaiger University of Vienna 20 compounding 20 derivation 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 Germanic languages 20 inflection 20 Interpersonal Level 20 morphology 20 morphopragmatics 20 pragmatics 20 word-formation 01 This chapter investigates the interaction of pragmatics and morphology within Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) by exploiting the model’s recognition of a pragmatic Interpersonal Level, next to a semantic Representational, a Morphosyntactic and a Phonological Level. It identifies pragmatically motivated morphological phenomena for the analysis of which FDG appears particularly useful, both in word-formation, i.e. ‘morphopragmatics’ in the traditional sense (e.g. identical constituent and phrasal compounding, evaluative derivation, blending, expletive insertion), and inflection (e.g. participles conveying speech acts in Germanic languages). Tackling such ‘pragmato-morphological’ linguistic interface structures, the chapter puts long-standing tenets (e.g. the distinction between the grammar proper and the lexicon/Fund) as well as newer developments of the theory (e.g. the restricted possibility of certain bottom-up operations) to the test. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p2 95 1 Section header 5 10 01 JB code slcs.241.03fav 96 122 27 Chapter 6 1 A01 Marco Favaro Favaro, Marco Marco Favaro University of Lisbon 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 German 20 illocution 20 illocutionary modification 20 Italian 20 modal particles 20 speech acts 01 This paper re-examines modal particles (MPs) within the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). MPs are syntactically integrated adverbial elements that scope over the entire clause and fine-tune speech acts by modifying illocutionary force in context. Drawing on extensive research on German MPs, the paper first reviews their formal and functional properties. The discussion focuses on two functional domains targeted by MPs — common ground management and illocutionary force specification — and evaluates their compatibility with the notion of the Illocution layer in FDG. The framework is then applied to the analysis of Italian data, which further illuminates the interpersonal strategies encoded by MPs and the role of contextual factors. The results shed light on illocutionary operators in FDG, clarifying their function within Discourse Acts and their relationship with adjacent layers of the Interpersonal Level. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.04gio 123 158 36 Chapter 7 1 A01 Riccardo Giomi Giomi, Riccardo Riccardo Giomi University of Amsterdam 2 A01 Daniël Van Olmen Van Olmen, Daniël Daniël Van Olmen Lancaster University 3 A01 Denise van Oers van Oers, Denise Denise van Oers University of Amsterdam 20 evaluative Illocution 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 insultive Illocution 20 insults 20 Interpersonal Level 20 speech act theory 01 This paper asks whether insults are ever encoded as a distinct sentence type in natural languages, and hence form a distinct grammaticalized Illocution in the languages concerned. To assess this, we designed three mutually independent criteria and applied these to 29 constructions from 23 languages, gathering data via native speaker consultation, corpus searches and published literature. Our results indicate that seven of these constructions are exclusively used for the communicative goal of insulting the addressee, thus providing evidence for the existence of an Insultive Illocution. Moreover, we found evidence of an underspecified Evaluative Illocution in nine languages. We therefore propose that both the Insultive and the Evaluative be added to the inventory of grammaticalized Illocution recognized in Functional Discourse Grammar. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.05kei 159 188 30 Chapter 8 1 A01 Evelien Keizer Keizer, Evelien Evelien Keizer University of Vienna 20 embedding 20 English 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 modification 20 passives 20 performatives 20 pronominalization 20 self-referential hereby 20 syntax 01 Since Austin’s seminal 1955 lectures, numerous publications have been devoted to the pragmatic and semantic aspects of performatives; surprisingly little effort, however, has been made to integrate performatives, and their syntactic behaviour, into grammatical theory. One exception is the Functional Discourse Grammar analysis provided by Hengeveld &#38; Mackenzie (2008), which captures not only the function of (English) performatives, but also accounts for some of their formal features. This chapter aims to improve and expand this analysis by considering a range of syntactic properties, such as the role of hereby, the occurrence of modifiers and the use of passive and embedded performatives. The result is a number of new analyses which together provide a more complete treatment of performatives in FDG. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p3 189 1 Section header 9 10 01 JB code slcs.241.06mus 190 223 34 Chapter 10 1 A01 Ozan Mustafa Mustafa, Ozan Ozan Mustafa University of Graz 20 ambiguity 20 discourse marker 20 existential 20 fragments 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 inferential 20 negation 20 specificational 01 This paper analyzes the construction <i>it be (not) that</i>-clause, which has received conflicting analyses regarding its categorization and interpretation, and its corresponding fragment <i>not that</i>-clause. Drawing on corpus data, I argue that both constructions are semantically ambiguous between an inferential/specificational reading (Declerck 1992; Delahunty 1995) and an existential (Bolinger 2018[1972]; Hurford 1973) reading, and show that the <i>not that-</i>clause fragment displays formal and functional properties that set them apart from its full correspondence. In addition, <i>it’s just</i> is shown to function as a discourse marker. Adopting a Functional Discourse Grammar framework, I account for the contrasts between the two forms, as well as their interpretation, in terms of differences in their interpersonal and representational formulations. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.07olb 224 253 30 Chapter 11 1 A01 Hella Olbertz Olbertz, Hella Hella Olbertz University of Santiago de Compostela 2 A01 Victoria Vázquez Rozas Vázquez Rozas, Victoria Victoria Vázquez Rozas University of Santiago de Compostela 20 clefting 20 copula-construction 20 corpus 20 European Spanish 20 focus 20 free relative clause 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 orality 20 pseudocleft 20 topic 01 This chapter deals with regular and reversed cleft constructions with <i>lo que</i> ‘what’ and their use in a corpus of spoken Spanish. Regular <i>lo-que-</i>clefts serve the expression of Focus. The complexity of the clefted constituent in Focus varies between (i) noun phrases, (ii) non-finite, and (iii) finite clauses. Independently of the complexity of the focal constituent, the free relative clause tends to contain information that contrasts in different ways with the preceding context. In reversed <i>lo-que-</i>clefts, the clefted constituent has Topic function, and the free relative may contain an entity in Focus. It will be shown that Functional Discourse Grammar is a valuable descriptive tool for this account. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.08por 254 284 31 Chapter 12 1 A01 Carmen Portero Muñoz Portero Muñoz, Carmen Carmen Portero Muñoz Universidad de Córdoba 20 aside 20 extension 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 justification 20 politeness 20 prelude 20 rhetorical functions 01 This article investigates the discourse functions of <i>not for nothing</i> and <i>not for nothing(,) but</i> within the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). Using corpus-based evidence, it shows that these expressions perform distinct interpersonal functions in the strategic design of Discourse Acts. <i>Not for nothing</i> provides evidential justification for a prior claim, while <i>not for nothing(,) but</i> functions as a politeness strategy that mitigates face‑threatening acts. The analysis demonstrates that these uses can be modeled through existing and proposed distinctions at the Interpersonal Level, particularly rhetorical macro- and micro-functions. The findings support the adequacy and descriptive strength of FDG in capturing fine-grained pragmatic meaning in discourse. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.09ten 285 315 31 Chapter 13 1 A01 Elnora ten Wolde Wolde, Elnora ten Elnora ten Wolde University of Graz 20 adverbial clauses 20 corpus linguistics 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 imperatives 20 purpose 20 result 01 This paper examines English purpose and result clauses introduced by <i>so(that)</i> within FDG, arguing that these categories are more heterogeneous than traditionally assumed. Looking at corpus data, I propose that purpose clauses are embedded Communicated Contents within the Comment layer, reflecting their shared illocution and focal status. Result clauses exhibit greater diversity; the paper identifies three types of result clauses, each associated with a distinct Content frame. The analysis further demonstrates that <i>so(that)</i> clauses modifying directives cannot be treated merely as variants of purpose clauses, but that share key aspects of their information-structure organization with result clauses. The analysis refines FDG representations of adverbial clauses and clarifies the interaction between information structure and discourse organization. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.10ber 316 347 32 Chapter 14 1 A01 Felix Berner Berner, Felix Felix Berner University of Vienna 20 approximation 20 degree modification 20 English 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 qualification 20 referentiality 20 sort of 20 type nouns 01 This chapter is concerned with the referential use (<i>a sort of screwdriver</i>) and the qualifying use (<i>sort of proud</i>) of the English type noun <i>sort of</i>. Specifically, it investigates (i) whether, in the referential use of <i>sort of</i>, N2 can be referential as well, (ii) whether there exists an additional separate modifying use (<i>a paternalistic sort of chap</i>) of <i>sort of</i>, and (iii) whether all qualifying uses <i>of sort</i> of are always non-truth-conditional. It is argued (i) that, in the referential use of <i>sort of</i>, N2 can indeed be referential if the whole construction makes reference to a subtype of an identifiable and specific supertype, (ii) that proposed modifying uses of <i>sort of</i> are in fact better accounted for as instances of the referential use, and (iii) that two additional truth-conditional uses of <i>sort of</i>, expressing degree (<i>sort of tall</i>) or approximation (<i>sort of dead</i>) can be identified, depending on the gradability of the adjective. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p4 349 1 Section header 15 10 01 JB code slcs.241.11hen 350 372 23 Chapter 16 1 A01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 20 Caribbean Spanish 20 Colombian Spanish 20 focus constructions 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 information structure 01 This paper discusses a construction in Colombian Spanish in which a form of the copula <i>ser</i> ‘be’ is used as a focus marker. After introducing the construction and its properties and distinguishing it from the pseudo-cleft construction in Spanish, the question is raised to what extent the different uses of this construction corroborate the organization of the Communicated Content in Functional Discourse Grammar. It is shown that for every unit within the Communicated Content that is predicted to be focalizable, there is indeed a corresponding use of the focalizing copula construction in Colombian Spanish. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.12mit 373 404 32 Chapter 17 1 A01 Matthias Mittendorfer Mittendorfer, Matthias Matthias Mittendorfer University of Vienna 20 contrast 20 contrastive pitch accent 20 contrastive topics 20 discourse relations 20 emphasis 20 focus 20 H* 20 L+H* 20 parallelism 01 This paper presents an analysis of Contrast and contrastiveness in parallel structures. Although fulfilling all (semantic) criteria for Contrast, it is shown that structural parallelism is not an inherently contrastive construction. Instead, the paper argues that only in those cases where a contrastive discourse relation between the discourse segments is present is a contrastive analysis warranted. Moreover, the data suggests that prosodic Contrast-marking in English is gradient, i.e. sensitive to the degree of contrastiveness. The results are subsequently modelled in Functional Discourse Grammar. Introducing an additional rhetorical function Contrast, the paper shows that the morphosyntactic and prosodic reflexes of Contrast naturally follow from the pragmatic organisation of structural parallelism. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.13sal 405 433 29 Chapter 18 1 A01 Ventura Salazar-García Salazar-García, Ventura Ventura Salazar-García University of Jaén 20 Focus particles 20 information structure 20 pragmatic functions 20 scalarity 20 Spanish 01 This paper deals with the classification of Spanish Focus particles. Although there are previous proposals in this regard, none of them is entirely satisfactory. Thus, after revising the grammatical properties of these units, a new classification is put forward from a functional perspective. Assuming that Focus particles are fully grammaticalized items, their specific characteristics are explained as triggered by interpersonal and representational operators. Four basic categories are recognized: additive, restrictive, particularizing, and identifying Focus particles. While scalarity plays an essential role in the additive and identifying categories, it does not define a basic class <i>per se</i>. 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 February 2027 20270215 2027 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027237989 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 10 20270215 01 00 140.00 EUR R 01 00 118.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 182.00 USD S 614032270 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 241 Hb 15 9789027237989 BB 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 241 01 slcs.241 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.241 1 B01 Monielly Serafim Serafim, Monielly Monielly Serafim Escola SEB 2 B01 Matthias Mittendorfer Mittendorfer, Matthias Matthias Mittendorfer University of Vienna 3 B01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 01 eng 445 vi 433 + index LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.MORPH Morphology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 <i>The Interpersonal Level in Functional Discourse Grammar</i> presents recent advancements in Functional Discourse Grammar since the framework’s introduction by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008). This volume refines the theory’s pragmatic level of analysis through theoretical innovation and application to diverse linguistic data. The contributions focus on the formal reflection of pragmatic distinctions in morphosyntactic and phonological encoding, a domain where FDG’s hierarchical top-down architecture is particularly effective. Key areas of investigation include the detailed study of prosody in FDG, the study of insultives as a grammatical category, the relevance of a Comment layer in FDG, the analysis of performatives, the study of morphopragmatic phenomena in FDG, among others. By synthesizing theoretical refinement with empirical work, the volume contributes to ongoing research into the interface between pragmatics and grammar, and as such it is intended for researchers and advanced students in specialized graduate-level courses. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.241.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027237989.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027237989.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.241.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.241.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.241.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.241.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.241.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages -1 10 01 JB code slcs.241.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 0 10 01 JB code slcs.241.int 1 18 18 Chapter 1 1 A01 Monielly Serafim Serafim, Monielly Monielly Serafim Escola SEB, São José do Rio Preto 2 A01 Matthias Mittendorfer Mittendorfer, Matthias Matthias Mittendorfer University of Vienna 3 A01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 20 discourse 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 morphosyntax 20 phonology 20 pragmatics 01 In this introductory chapter, we first provide a description of the topic of this volume, the Interpersonal Level in Functional Discourse Grammar, stressing the fact that, in compliance with the Principle of Formal Encoding that is central in FDG, this level captures pragmatic distinctions to the extent that these are encoded morphosyntactically or phonologically. We then provide an overview of the model of Functional Discourse Grammar as a whole, so as to explain the place of the Interpersonal Level within it. Finally, we provide a preview of the remaining chapters in the volume, focusing on their contribution to the overall topic. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p1 19 1 Section header 2 10 01 JB code slcs.241.01kei 20 67 48 Chapter 3 1 A01 Evelien Keizer Keizer, Evelien Evelien Keizer University of Vienna 2 A01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 3 A01 Riccardo Giomi Giomi, Riccardo Riccardo Giomi University of Amsterdam 20 discourse 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 layered structure 20 pragmatics 01 This chapter provides an overview of the organization of the Interpersonal Level in Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). The Interpersonal Level in FDG captures the actional aspects of utterances to the extent that these are formally encoded, including, among many other aspects, rhetorical relations, illocutionary force, speaker attitude, and definiteness and specificity. The chapter pays special attention to the changes proposed as regards the architecture of the Interpersonal Level since its first full presentation in Hengeveld &#38; Mackenzie (2008) 10 01 JB code slcs.241.02sch 68 93 26 Chapter 4 1 A01 Thomas Schwaiger Schwaiger, Thomas Thomas Schwaiger University of Vienna 20 compounding 20 derivation 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 Germanic languages 20 inflection 20 Interpersonal Level 20 morphology 20 morphopragmatics 20 pragmatics 20 word-formation 01 This chapter investigates the interaction of pragmatics and morphology within Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) by exploiting the model’s recognition of a pragmatic Interpersonal Level, next to a semantic Representational, a Morphosyntactic and a Phonological Level. It identifies pragmatically motivated morphological phenomena for the analysis of which FDG appears particularly useful, both in word-formation, i.e. ‘morphopragmatics’ in the traditional sense (e.g. identical constituent and phrasal compounding, evaluative derivation, blending, expletive insertion), and inflection (e.g. participles conveying speech acts in Germanic languages). Tackling such ‘pragmato-morphological’ linguistic interface structures, the chapter puts long-standing tenets (e.g. the distinction between the grammar proper and the lexicon/Fund) as well as newer developments of the theory (e.g. the restricted possibility of certain bottom-up operations) to the test. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p2 95 1 Section header 5 10 01 JB code slcs.241.03fav 96 122 27 Chapter 6 1 A01 Marco Favaro Favaro, Marco Marco Favaro University of Lisbon 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 German 20 illocution 20 illocutionary modification 20 Italian 20 modal particles 20 speech acts 01 This paper re-examines modal particles (MPs) within the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). MPs are syntactically integrated adverbial elements that scope over the entire clause and fine-tune speech acts by modifying illocutionary force in context. Drawing on extensive research on German MPs, the paper first reviews their formal and functional properties. The discussion focuses on two functional domains targeted by MPs — common ground management and illocutionary force specification — and evaluates their compatibility with the notion of the Illocution layer in FDG. The framework is then applied to the analysis of Italian data, which further illuminates the interpersonal strategies encoded by MPs and the role of contextual factors. The results shed light on illocutionary operators in FDG, clarifying their function within Discourse Acts and their relationship with adjacent layers of the Interpersonal Level. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.04gio 123 158 36 Chapter 7 1 A01 Riccardo Giomi Giomi, Riccardo Riccardo Giomi University of Amsterdam 2 A01 Daniël Van Olmen Van Olmen, Daniël Daniël Van Olmen Lancaster University 3 A01 Denise van Oers van Oers, Denise Denise van Oers University of Amsterdam 20 evaluative Illocution 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 insultive Illocution 20 insults 20 Interpersonal Level 20 speech act theory 01 This paper asks whether insults are ever encoded as a distinct sentence type in natural languages, and hence form a distinct grammaticalized Illocution in the languages concerned. To assess this, we designed three mutually independent criteria and applied these to 29 constructions from 23 languages, gathering data via native speaker consultation, corpus searches and published literature. Our results indicate that seven of these constructions are exclusively used for the communicative goal of insulting the addressee, thus providing evidence for the existence of an Insultive Illocution. Moreover, we found evidence of an underspecified Evaluative Illocution in nine languages. We therefore propose that both the Insultive and the Evaluative be added to the inventory of grammaticalized Illocution recognized in Functional Discourse Grammar. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.05kei 159 188 30 Chapter 8 1 A01 Evelien Keizer Keizer, Evelien Evelien Keizer University of Vienna 20 embedding 20 English 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 modification 20 passives 20 performatives 20 pronominalization 20 self-referential hereby 20 syntax 01 Since Austin’s seminal 1955 lectures, numerous publications have been devoted to the pragmatic and semantic aspects of performatives; surprisingly little effort, however, has been made to integrate performatives, and their syntactic behaviour, into grammatical theory. One exception is the Functional Discourse Grammar analysis provided by Hengeveld &#38; Mackenzie (2008), which captures not only the function of (English) performatives, but also accounts for some of their formal features. This chapter aims to improve and expand this analysis by considering a range of syntactic properties, such as the role of hereby, the occurrence of modifiers and the use of passive and embedded performatives. The result is a number of new analyses which together provide a more complete treatment of performatives in FDG. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p3 189 1 Section header 9 10 01 JB code slcs.241.06mus 190 223 34 Chapter 10 1 A01 Ozan Mustafa Mustafa, Ozan Ozan Mustafa University of Graz 20 ambiguity 20 discourse marker 20 existential 20 fragments 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 inferential 20 negation 20 specificational 01 This paper analyzes the construction <i>it be (not) that</i>-clause, which has received conflicting analyses regarding its categorization and interpretation, and its corresponding fragment <i>not that</i>-clause. Drawing on corpus data, I argue that both constructions are semantically ambiguous between an inferential/specificational reading (Declerck 1992; Delahunty 1995) and an existential (Bolinger 2018[1972]; Hurford 1973) reading, and show that the <i>not that-</i>clause fragment displays formal and functional properties that set them apart from its full correspondence. In addition, <i>it’s just</i> is shown to function as a discourse marker. Adopting a Functional Discourse Grammar framework, I account for the contrasts between the two forms, as well as their interpretation, in terms of differences in their interpersonal and representational formulations. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.07olb 224 253 30 Chapter 11 1 A01 Hella Olbertz Olbertz, Hella Hella Olbertz University of Santiago de Compostela 2 A01 Victoria Vázquez Rozas Vázquez Rozas, Victoria Victoria Vázquez Rozas University of Santiago de Compostela 20 clefting 20 copula-construction 20 corpus 20 European Spanish 20 focus 20 free relative clause 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 orality 20 pseudocleft 20 topic 01 This chapter deals with regular and reversed cleft constructions with <i>lo que</i> ‘what’ and their use in a corpus of spoken Spanish. Regular <i>lo-que-</i>clefts serve the expression of Focus. The complexity of the clefted constituent in Focus varies between (i) noun phrases, (ii) non-finite, and (iii) finite clauses. Independently of the complexity of the focal constituent, the free relative clause tends to contain information that contrasts in different ways with the preceding context. In reversed <i>lo-que-</i>clefts, the clefted constituent has Topic function, and the free relative may contain an entity in Focus. It will be shown that Functional Discourse Grammar is a valuable descriptive tool for this account. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.08por 254 284 31 Chapter 12 1 A01 Carmen Portero Muñoz Portero Muñoz, Carmen Carmen Portero Muñoz Universidad de Córdoba 20 aside 20 extension 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 justification 20 politeness 20 prelude 20 rhetorical functions 01 This article investigates the discourse functions of <i>not for nothing</i> and <i>not for nothing(,) but</i> within the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). Using corpus-based evidence, it shows that these expressions perform distinct interpersonal functions in the strategic design of Discourse Acts. <i>Not for nothing</i> provides evidential justification for a prior claim, while <i>not for nothing(,) but</i> functions as a politeness strategy that mitigates face‑threatening acts. The analysis demonstrates that these uses can be modeled through existing and proposed distinctions at the Interpersonal Level, particularly rhetorical macro- and micro-functions. The findings support the adequacy and descriptive strength of FDG in capturing fine-grained pragmatic meaning in discourse. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.09ten 285 315 31 Chapter 13 1 A01 Elnora ten Wolde Wolde, Elnora ten Elnora ten Wolde University of Graz 20 adverbial clauses 20 corpus linguistics 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 imperatives 20 purpose 20 result 01 This paper examines English purpose and result clauses introduced by <i>so(that)</i> within FDG, arguing that these categories are more heterogeneous than traditionally assumed. Looking at corpus data, I propose that purpose clauses are embedded Communicated Contents within the Comment layer, reflecting their shared illocution and focal status. Result clauses exhibit greater diversity; the paper identifies three types of result clauses, each associated with a distinct Content frame. The analysis further demonstrates that <i>so(that)</i> clauses modifying directives cannot be treated merely as variants of purpose clauses, but that share key aspects of their information-structure organization with result clauses. The analysis refines FDG representations of adverbial clauses and clarifies the interaction between information structure and discourse organization. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.10ber 316 347 32 Chapter 14 1 A01 Felix Berner Berner, Felix Felix Berner University of Vienna 20 approximation 20 degree modification 20 English 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 qualification 20 referentiality 20 sort of 20 type nouns 01 This chapter is concerned with the referential use (<i>a sort of screwdriver</i>) and the qualifying use (<i>sort of proud</i>) of the English type noun <i>sort of</i>. Specifically, it investigates (i) whether, in the referential use of <i>sort of</i>, N2 can be referential as well, (ii) whether there exists an additional separate modifying use (<i>a paternalistic sort of chap</i>) of <i>sort of</i>, and (iii) whether all qualifying uses <i>of sort</i> of are always non-truth-conditional. It is argued (i) that, in the referential use of <i>sort of</i>, N2 can indeed be referential if the whole construction makes reference to a subtype of an identifiable and specific supertype, (ii) that proposed modifying uses of <i>sort of</i> are in fact better accounted for as instances of the referential use, and (iii) that two additional truth-conditional uses of <i>sort of</i>, expressing degree (<i>sort of tall</i>) or approximation (<i>sort of dead</i>) can be identified, depending on the gradability of the adjective. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.p4 349 1 Section header 15 10 01 JB code slcs.241.11hen 350 372 23 Chapter 16 1 A01 Kees Hengeveld Hengeveld, Kees Kees Hengeveld University of Amsterdam 20 Caribbean Spanish 20 Colombian Spanish 20 focus constructions 20 Functional Discourse Grammar 20 information structure 01 This paper discusses a construction in Colombian Spanish in which a form of the copula <i>ser</i> ‘be’ is used as a focus marker. After introducing the construction and its properties and distinguishing it from the pseudo-cleft construction in Spanish, the question is raised to what extent the different uses of this construction corroborate the organization of the Communicated Content in Functional Discourse Grammar. It is shown that for every unit within the Communicated Content that is predicted to be focalizable, there is indeed a corresponding use of the focalizing copula construction in Colombian Spanish. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.12mit 373 404 32 Chapter 17 1 A01 Matthias Mittendorfer Mittendorfer, Matthias Matthias Mittendorfer University of Vienna 20 contrast 20 contrastive pitch accent 20 contrastive topics 20 discourse relations 20 emphasis 20 focus 20 H* 20 L+H* 20 parallelism 01 This paper presents an analysis of Contrast and contrastiveness in parallel structures. Although fulfilling all (semantic) criteria for Contrast, it is shown that structural parallelism is not an inherently contrastive construction. Instead, the paper argues that only in those cases where a contrastive discourse relation between the discourse segments is present is a contrastive analysis warranted. Moreover, the data suggests that prosodic Contrast-marking in English is gradient, i.e. sensitive to the degree of contrastiveness. The results are subsequently modelled in Functional Discourse Grammar. Introducing an additional rhetorical function Contrast, the paper shows that the morphosyntactic and prosodic reflexes of Contrast naturally follow from the pragmatic organisation of structural parallelism. 10 01 JB code slcs.241.13sal 405 433 29 Chapter 18 1 A01 Ventura Salazar-García Salazar-García, Ventura Ventura Salazar-García University of Jaén 20 Focus particles 20 information structure 20 pragmatic functions 20 scalarity 20 Spanish 01 This paper deals with the classification of Spanish Focus particles. Although there are previous proposals in this regard, none of them is entirely satisfactory. Thus, after revising the grammatical properties of these units, a new classification is put forward from a functional perspective. Assuming that Focus particles are fully grammaticalized items, their specific characteristics are explained as triggered by interpersonal and representational operators. Four basic categories are recognized: additive, restrictive, particularizing, and identifying Focus particles. While scalarity plays an essential role in the additive and identifying categories, it does not define a basic class <i>per se</i>. 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 February 2027 20270215 2027 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 10 20270215 01 02 JB 1 00 140.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 148.40 EUR R 01 JB 10 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 GB 10 20270215 02 02 JB 1 00 118.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 Casemate Academic 610-853-9131 610-853-9143 Girard.Kratz@casematepublishers.com 01 https://benjamins.com 02 US CA MX 10 20270215 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 182.00 USD