219-7677 10 7500817 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 201608250416 ONIX title feed eng 01 EUR
230006929 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 85 Eb 15 9789027292230 06 10.1075/slcs.85 13 2007060661 DG 002 02 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 85 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Functional Perspectives on Grammar and Discourse</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">In honour of Angela Downing</Subtitle> 01 slcs.85 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.85 1 B01 Christopher S. Butler Butler, Christopher S. Christopher S. Butler University of Wales, Swansea 2 B01 Raquel Hidalgo Downing Hidalgo Downing, Raquel Raquel Hidalgo Downing Universidad Complutense, Madrid 3 B01 Julia Lavid-López Lavid-López, Julia Julia Lavid-López Universidad Complutense, Madrid 01 eng 512 xxx 481 LAN009000 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book, a tribute to Angela Downing, consists of twenty papers taking a broadly functional perspective on language, with topics ranging from the general (grammar as an evolutionary product, text comprehension, integrative linguistics) to particular aspects of the grammars of languages (Bulgarian, English, Icelandic, Spanish, Swedish). The more specific papers are sequenced according to Halliday’s division into ideational, textual and interpersonal aspects of the grammar, and cover a wide range of areas, including aspect, argument structure, noun phrase/nominal group structure and nominalisations, pronominal clitics, theme in relation to writing skills, discourse structures and markers, the role of attention in conversation, the functions of topic, phatic communion, subjectification, formulaic language and modality. A recurrent theme in the volume is the use of corpus materials in order to base functional descriptions on authentic productions. Overall, the volume constitutes a panoramic but nevertheless detailed view of some important current trends in functional linguistics. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.85.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027230959.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027230959.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.85.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.85.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.85.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.85.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.85.01con ix xiv 6 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.02but xvii xxv 9 Miscellaneous 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Editorial introduction</TitleText> 1 A01 Christopher S. Butler Butler, Christopher S. Christopher S. Butler University of Wales Swansea, UK 2 A01 Raquel Hidalgo Downing Hidalgo Downing, Raquel Raquel Hidalgo Downing Universidad Complutense de Madrid 3 A01 Julia Lavid-López Lavid-López, Julia Julia Lavid-López Universidad Complutense de Madrid 10 01 JB code slcs.85.03pub xxvii xxx 4 Miscellaneous 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Publications of Angela Downing</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.04giv 1 40 40 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Grammar as an adaptive evolutionary product</TitleText> 1 A01 T. Givón Givón, T. T. Givón University of Oregon 01 The functional correlates of grammatical constructions can be given heuristically as (i) &#8220;the discourse context within which the grammatical construction is used&#8221;. They can also be given as the more cognitive-sounding (ii) &#8220;the communicative intent of the speaker using the construction&#8221;. In this paper I will suggest that the cognitive-sounding definition (ii) above needs to be specified more precisely in cognitive terms, bringing it in line with more up-to-date work in cognitive neuro-science. More specifically, I will suggest that in using grammar, speakers create mental models of the knowledge (epistemic) and intention (deontic) states of their interlocutors, in a way already implicit in H. P. Grice&#8217;s work. These models are created rapidly, on-line, automatically and with high specificity of the ever-shifting communicative context. The traditional pragmatic notions of &#8220;communicative context&#8221; (i) and &#8220;communicative intent&#8221; (ii)&#160;may thus be expressed more precisely in terms of so-called &#8220;Theories of Mind&#8221;, i.e. the mental models socially-cooperative organisms build of the presumed mental states of their&#160;cooperating interlocutors. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.05but 41 80 40 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Towards a cognitive-functional model of text comprehension</TitleText> 1 A01 Christopher S. Butler Butler, Christopher S. Christopher S. Butler University of Wales Swansea, UK 01 This paper examines two cognitively-based models of text comprehension and suggests how these might be combined, and integrated with a functional grammar in order to provide an overall model which takes us from a structured sequence of words to the understanding of the concepts conveyed. The paper first provides illustrated summaries of Kintsch&#8217;s construction-integration model and Werth&#8217;s text world model. Discussion of their similarities and differences suggests that they are not incompatible, but that both lack a suitable grammatical component. The paper then examines the properties which such a grammar needs to have, and demonstrates that Role and Reference Grammar is an appropriate choice. The parts of the model are then brought together in relation to a short but complete text taken from a corpus. The paper is rounded off with some concluding remarks. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.06sto 81 96 16 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Towards an integrational approach in linguistics</TitleText> 1 A01 Andrei Stoevsky Stoevsky, Andrei Andrei Stoevsky St Kliment Ohridsky University, Sofia 01 Integrationism has had a rather chequered history in post-Saussurean linguistics. This paper chronicles some of its manifestations and argues, to put it paradoxically, that crossing the dividing lines in the well-known dichotomies, <i>langue</i> vs. <i>parole</i>, synchrony vs. diachrony, internal linguistics vs. external linguistics, etc., does not amount to a methodological transgression. A substantial part of the discussion also bears on the issue of what counts as an adequate explanation. The aim of this study is to lend support to the view that given the complexity of language, both internally and in its relation to cognitive and social systems, truly explanatory adequacy is achievable only by applying an integrational approach. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.07alt 97 128 32 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Expressing past habit in English and Swedish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based contrastive study</Subtitle> 1 A01 Bengt Altenberg Altenberg, Bengt Bengt Altenberg University of Lund 01 English has no single verb expressing habitual aspect. Instead, habitual behaviour is indicated in various ways, e.g. by <i>will</i> (predictable or timeless habit), by <i>used to</i> and <i>would</i> (habit in the past), or simply by means of the simple present or past tense, often combined with a temporal adverb (<i>usually, normally</i>, etc). The choice of construction is partly determined by tense and aktionsart (state vs activity), but otherwise the ways of expressing habit in English are not well investigated. By contrast, Swedish makes use of a single auxiliary, <i>bruka</i>, to express both past and present habit. This cross-linguistic difference is a fruitful starting point for a corpus-based contrastive investigation. In the present study the means of expressing past habit in the two languages are explored on the basis of the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus, a bidirectional corpus of English and Swedish texts and their translations into the other language. Starting from constructions with <i>brukade </i>in Swedish original texts and translations the corresponding expressions in English translations and source texts are examined. The perspective is then reversed: using the English habitual marker <i>used</i> <i>to</i> as a point of departure the Swedish equivalents are investigated to determine if other forms than <i>brukade</i> are used in Swedish. The study reveals a complex cross-linguistic picture where aktionsart, generic subject, temporal specification and other contextual features are shown to be important factors determining the choice of habitual expression in the two languages. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.08rym 129 148 20 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Do cognate and circumstantial complements of intransitive verbs form one &#8216;Range&#8217;?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based discussion</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kathleen Rymen Rymen, Kathleen Kathleen Rymen University of Leuven 2 A01 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 01 In this article we examine the question whether cognate complements (as in <i>dance the tango</i>) and circumstantial complements (as in <i>climb stairs</i>) can be regarded as expressing the same semantic role. Halliday has proposed that they do: in his view they both delimit the ‘extent’, or ‘Range’, of the process. Traditionally, however, they have been regarded as distinct grammatical categories. Assuming, like Halliday, that grammatical categories are form-meaning couplings, we investigate in corpus data the two types of formal evidence proposed by him for the unified Range category: alternations and selection restrictions on determiners and modifiers. By quantifying the relative frequencies of the alternate constructions, we have found that clauses with cognate complements form the marked option – totalling on average 3.5% – in comparison with intransitives. Clauses with circumstantial complements, by contrast, alternate with intransitive clauses as well as with clauses with prepositional phrase in varying proportions. This shows that the notion of ‘location involved in process’ can be more strongly or weakly present in the semantics of verbs taking circumstantial complements. The determiners and modifiers of cognate and circumstantial complements also reflect different semantic relations of the complement to the process expressed by the verb. Cognate complements are predominantly indefinite and circumstantial complements more often definite, because the former typically construe a ‘new’ instance of the process, whereas the latter often express pre-existing locations. Attributive modifiers of the two complement types differ both quantitatively and qualitatively. Cognate complements take more qualitative adjectives, which tend to express the manner in which the process takes place. Circumstantial complements have much less qualitative modification and often express the resistance or facilitation offered by the location to the action being carried out on it. We conclude that the two types of complements express different sorts of entities with different relations to the process. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.09ber 149 164 16 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The <i>unconscious, irresponsible construction</i> in Modern Icelandic</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02"><i>unconscious, irresponsible construction</i> in Modern Icelandic</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Enrique Bernárdez Bernárdez, Enrique Enrique Bernárdez Universidad Complutense, Madrid 01 The Icelandic language possesses a number of constructions whose function it is to express the degree of agentivity or lack of agentivity of a process. This paper analyses a specific construction built with the auxiliary verb <i>verða</i> ‘to become’ plus an experiencer or affected entity in the dative and a lexical verb in the neuter form of the past participle; the construction is used to mean that the human experiencer is unconscious of the onset of the process leading to a new state as a result. For instance, <i>mér verður litið</i>, meaning ‘I happened to look’. The assumed agent of the resulting state is conceptualized as an involuntary experiencer, not responsible for the resulting action or process. This construction has not been the object of systematic analysis before and this paper intends to offer a preliminary analysis from a semantic perspective. The construction is set in relation with the other Icelandic constructions of ‘reduced agentivity’. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.10faw 165 204 40 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Modelling &#8216;selection&#8217; between referents in the English nominal group</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An essay in scientific inquiry in linguistics</Subtitle> 1 A01 Robin P. Fawcett Fawcett, Robin P. Robin P. Fawcett Centre for Language and Communication Research Cardiff University 01 This paper addresses two issues, one descriptive and one methodological. It offers a description of the English nominal group (aka noun phrase) that greatly extends the traditional concept of ‘determiner’. More specifically, it describes an integrated semantics and functional syntax for the quantifying and deictic determiners, based on the concept of ‘selection’. This approach has the advantage over standard representations that, when analyzing (1) <i>five books</i>, (2) <i>those books</i> and (3) <i>five of those books</i>, the words<i> five, those</i> and <i>books</i> expound the same element in each case. The paper then shows how this approach can be extended to eight other determiners and their associated uses of of (and, incidentally, the structure for its remaining uses). But there is equal emphasis on the methodology used to establish which of three possible types of structure should be used to model such examples, and the paper concludes by suggesting that the ultimate criteria are those of elegance in the operation of the grammar. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.11dav 205 216 12 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Problems in NP structure</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An example from British tabloid journalism</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eirian C. Davies Davies, Eirian C. Eirian C. Davies Department of English, Royal Holloway, University of London 01 This paper considers a textual example of the nominal group found in a British tabloid daily newspaper (<i>The Sun</i>), with a view to examining how far two standard treatments of nominal group/noun phrase structure, directed at a student readership, account for the pattern of pre-modification found in it. The two works referred to are, Greenbaum, S. and R. Quirk (1992) <i>A Student’s Grammar of the English Language</i>, and, Halliday, M.A.K. and C.M.I.M. Matthiessen (2004) <i>An Introduction to Functional Grammar</i> (3rd edn). Halliday’s functional category of ‘classifier’ and Greenbaum and Quirk’s category of ‘noun pre-modifier’ largely overlap, and rules for the relative sequence of different elements in NP/nominal group structure in these two accounts have a good deal in common. Problems with the analysis of the chosen example exist for both. The main distinction between these accounts with respect to pre-modification lies in Halliday’s proposal of a division between a logical and an experiential basis for nominal group analysis. Using the example given, the suggestion is made that these two dimensions are not mutually independent, and that a case can be made that it is set inclusion attributes of the experiential structure that determine the features dealt with under the heading ‘logical structure’ in Halliday’s account. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.12mac 217 232 16 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Double-possessive nominalizations in English</TitleText> 1 A01 J. Lachlan Mackenzie Mackenzie, J. Lachlan J. Lachlan Mackenzie Honorary Professor, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 01 Double-possessive nominalizations such as <i>Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait</i> have played a prominent role in the history of linguistics. However, this construction is not only cross-linguistically rare but also the least used form of nominalization in English texts. The question is therefore addressed of the circumstances under which double-possessive nominalization is used. What emerges from corpus analysis is that the construction is employed above all to designate mental processes and that its occurrence differs from that of its clausal analogue in occurring in certain syntactic positions in which clauses are excluded. The article also contains discussion of such matters as the semantic categories of entity proposed by Functional Grammar, the interaction of nominalization and psych verbs and the effect of syntactic ‘priming’. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.13sta 233 256 24 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pragmatics, word order and cross-reference</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Some issues with pronominal clitics&#160;in Bulgarian</Subtitle> 1 A01 Svilen B. Stanchev Stanchev, Svilen B. Svilen B. Stanchev University of Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria 01 There is an apparent ambivalence in the lexico-grammatical status of pronominal clitics in Bulgarian. They have the features of pronominal forms on the one hand and grammaticalized markers on the other. The present analysis builds on my previous publications in the field of Bulgarian clitics, sentence pragmatics and word order, but it also takes into account other recent publications on the subject. I adopt the view that Bulgarian pronominal clitics have grammaticalized to a degree where they function as cross-reference markers of the object, identical with verbal inflexions which cross-reference the subject. This approach makes it possible to account for the use of clitics both in their object-reduplicating function and as separate short pronominal forms. In correlation with prosody and special sentence positions, clitics play an important role in the pragmatic organization of the expression as markers of object topicalization. Basing my pragmatic analysis on the general schema of pragmatic positions in the Bulgarian sentence (cf. Stanchev 1997), in this article I present an outline of the major patterns of Topic and Focus assignment involving constructions with reduplicating clitics (CRCs). 10 01 JB code slcs.85.14han 257 278 22 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Patterns of multiple theme and their role in developing English writing skills</TitleText> 1 A01 Mike Hannay Hannay, Mike Mike Hannay Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 01 This paper looks at patterning in multiple themes in written English. Adopting a view of theme in declarative SVO clauses which extends up to the grammatical subject and its non-restrictive postmodifications, and building on an earlier study by Smits (2002), it uses corpus data to identify three major patterns, labeled &#8220;stepwise&#8221;, &#8220;focalizing&#8221; and &#8220;grounding&#8221;. All three patterns are used by advanced learners of English in their writing, but the stepwise pattern is significantly overused while the others are underused. In light of the relevance of these patterns for writing text conforming to the C levels of the Common European Framework of Reference, the paper argues for the development of study and exercise material making use of data from learner corpora. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.15jor 279 300 22 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Interactive solution-problems</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A set of structures in general and scientific writing</Subtitle> 1 A01 Michael P. Jordan Jordan, Michael P. Michael P. Jordan Queen's University at Kingston 01 The theory of problem-solution patterning is already well established for a wide range of genres and at macrostructure and microstructure levels of communication. That theory has, however, largely failed to account for interactive solution-problems: where a solution is or causes a problem to another person, group or thing. This chapter establishes the major parameters of this sub-theory of problem-solution structures and the related grammar and signalling. For informal writing in the natural sciences, solution-problems are shown to apply to environmental concerns, predator-prey relations and cause-effect relations. More generally the principles are extended to cover third-party involvement, friends and enemies and iatrogenic solution-problems. The sub-theory of structures and linguistic signalling outlined here applies to many genres &#8211; not just those in the natural sciences, but also in news and business reports, and general journalism. Studies of the structures and signalling of politics and fictional works (cartoons, sitcoms, soap operas, movies, novels, etc.) would be natural extensions for the principles explained. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.16fra 301 312 12 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The English Contrastive Discourse Marker <i>instead</i></TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">English Contrastive Discourse Marker <i>instead</i></TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Bruce Fraser Fraser, Bruce Bruce Fraser Boston University 01 This paper examines the English Contrastive Discourse Marker <i>instead</i> as it occurs both in written and spoken discourse. I conclude that there are two primary uses for <i>instead</i>: a “pseudo-action” use, where <i>instead</i> signals a contrast between a non-occurring action and an occurring action; and an “actual-action” use, where it signals a contrast between two occurring actions. I then discuss the semantic restrictions on the discourse segments contrasted with each of these two uses and find them mutually exclusive. Finally, I look at <i>instead</i> in combination with <i>and, but</i>, and <i>so</i>. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.17lav 313 326 14 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Global and local attention in task-oriented conversation</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An empirical investigation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Julia Lavid-López Lavid-López, Julia Julia Lavid-López Universidad Complutense de Madrid 01 The genre of task-oriented conversation has not received much attention within the linguistic literature, but its study is highly relevant for spoken dialogue systems, where dialogue is focused on accomplishing a concrete task. Using a sample of 30 dialogues, randomly selected from a larger corpus of appointment-scheduling dialogues, this paper investigates how speakers focus their global and local attention as the dialogue progresses. It is expected that the results of this empirical investigation will shed light on the global and local attentional features of this type of task-oriented conversations and will contribute to a better understanding of this important cognitive component of discourse processing. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.18hid 327 348 22 Article 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Metadiscursive and interpersonal values of pronominal topics in spoken Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Raquel Hidalgo Downing Hidalgo Downing, Raquel Raquel Hidalgo Downing Universidad Complutense de Madrid 2 A01 Laura Hidalgo-Downing Hidalgo-Downing, Laura Laura Hidalgo-Downing Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 01 This paper presents a discussion on the interactive and textual functions of pronominal marked topics in spoken Spanish. The study is a continuation of an empirical analysis based on Marcos Marín’s <i>Corpus oral de referencia de español contemporáneo</i> (Marcos Marín 1992), in which we have examined the formal types and pragmatic functions of marked topics in peninsular spoken Spanish, applying a conversational approach to topic (Hidalgo Downing 2003). According to the results of that study, Spanish speakers use marked topics to signal different types of movements in topic sequencing, such as topic introduction, framing, shading and closing. A large group of marked topics in spoken Spanish is composed of pronouns, which are informationally given elements by definition. In Spanish then, marked topics are not restricted to the introduction of referents which are not completely recoverable to the hearers, as other studies have suggested (Geluykens 1992), but rather, serve interactive and textual functions. In this paper, we aim to examine the discourse functions of personal and demonstrative pronouns, and to discuss the organizational and interpersonal nature of such functions. The idea we would like to explore is that topic signalling can be studied as a metadiscursive device, where the different functions of pronouns serve as orientation to hearers in the organization, regulation and interpretation of discourse.<br /><br /> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.19urb 349 358 10 Article 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Phatic communion and small talk in fictional dialogues</TitleText> 1 A01 Ludmila Urbanova Urbanova, Ludmila Ludmila Urbanova Masaryk University Brno 01 Phatic communion and small talk in fictional dialogues are governed by two opposing tendencies which coexist in dialogic structure known as verisimilitude and defamiliarization (see Fowler 1996). On the one hand, fictional dialogues make use of features present in authentic, spontaneous face-to-face conversation, e.g. loose syntactic structure, ellipsis, interjections, informal phraseology etc., to sound close to real-life situations. On the other hand, however, the author utilizes casual exchanges to create new, unconventional meanings frequently carrying differing points of view which are expressions of heteroglossia defined as “polyphony of social and discursive forces” (Holquist 1994.69). My findings present the results of an analysis of fictional dialogues in the novel <i>Heat Wave</i> by Penelope Lively. Phatic communion and small talk are understood as two different, though mutually related notions. Small talk seems to reflect a broader concept of socialization, while phatic communion is considered to be part of small talk. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.20van 359 394 36 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Mister so-called X</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Discourse functions and subjectification of <i>so-called</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Lieven Vandelanotte Vandelanotte, Lieven Lieven Vandelanotte University of Namur 01 In this paper, I explore the usage range of the pattern <i>Mister so-called X</i> on the basis of internet data. In a first step I argue that framing adjectives such as <i>so-called</i>, <i>alleged</i>, and purported involve interpersonal rather than representational meaning and structure. Secondly, of the different framing adjectives, so-called is shown to be the one which has come to be used most often with dissociative affect, a development which is co-enabled by its high frequency and its lack of very strong register preferences and collocates. Finally, in a set of 88 observations of the pattern <i>Mister so-called X</i> collected through WebCorp [www.webcorp.org.uk], I distinguish different usage patterns and relate these in terms of subjectification. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.21tuc 395 418 24 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">&#8216;Sorry to muddy the waters&#8217;</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Accounting for speech act formulae and formulaic variation in a systemic functional model of language</Subtitle> 1 A01 Gordon H. Tucker Tucker, Gordon H. Gordon H. Tucker Cardiff University 01 In this paper I seek to provide a grammatical account of some aspects of the realisation of speech acts in spoken discourse that are considered formulaic and/or, in some sense elliptical, as described in Biber et al’s (1999) description of the ‘grammar of conversation’. Focusing on apologies involving <i>sorry</i>, I discuss the treatment of formulaic <i>sorry </i>in isolation, together with variants that include it. The discussion is set within the theoretical and descriptive framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (e.g. Halliday and Matthiessen 2004) and the solutions proposed are given in terms of (a) a functionally motivated grammatical structure associated with this framework and (b) system networks that represent the choices available to speakers in a given context. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.22sim 419 446 28 Article 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The discourse functionality of adjectival and adverbial epistemic expressions</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">discourse functionality of adjectival and adverbial epistemic expressions</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from present-day English</Subtitle> 1 A01 Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen Ghent University 2 A01 Karin Aijmer Aijmer, Karin Karin Aijmer Göteborg University 01 In this article we examine the adjectival and adverbial expressions <i>it is certain/certainly, it is clear/clearly</i> and <i>it is obvious/obviously</i> in a corpus of present-day English, the <i>British National Corpus</i>. We aim to answer two questions. One is the question of how the constructional properties of the adjectival expressions create specific behavioural properties which are different from those of the adverbs. The second question is how the adjectival expressions are used rhetorically and how their discourse functionality differs from that of the corresponding adverbial expressions. Starting out from Nuyts’ (2001) criteria, ‘intersubjectivity’, ‘salience’, ‘performativity’ and ‘discourse strategy’ we examine the extent to which the data confirm the relevance of these factors. We show that the reasons why speakers opt for adjectival or adverbial expressions are complex and that an explanation cannot limit itself to a single factor. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.23col 447 468 22 Article 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Modality across World Englishes</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The modals and semi-modals of prediction and volition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Peter Collins Collins, Peter Peter Collins University of New South Wales 01 This paper reports a corpus-based study which examined the uses of the modals and semi-modals which express meanings associated with prediction and volition (<i>will, shall, be going to/gonna, want to/wanna, and be about to</i>) in British, American and Australian English. Quantitative findings relating to regional and stylistic variation are presented, and consideration is given to the possible influence upon the relative popularity of modal uses of ‘Americanization’ and ‘colloquialization’. It is suggested that these socially-driven dissemination processes provide possible explanations for, inter alia, the differing fortunes of the moribund shall on the one hand and on the other those of the popular semi-modals <i>be going to/gonna and want to/wanna</i>. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.24nam 469 472 4 Miscellaneous 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Name index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.25sub 473 480 8 Miscellaneous 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.26lan 481 1 Miscellaneous 26 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20070713 2007 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027230959 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 125.00 EUR R 01 00 105.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 188.00 USD S 696005792 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SLCS 85 Hb 15 9789027230959 13 2007060661 BB 01 SLCS 02 0165-7763 Studies in Language Companion Series 85 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Functional Perspectives on Grammar and Discourse</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">In honour of Angela Downing</Subtitle> 01 slcs.85 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/slcs.85 1 B01 Christopher S. Butler Butler, Christopher S. Christopher S. Butler University of Wales, Swansea 2 B01 Raquel Hidalgo Downing Hidalgo Downing, Raquel Raquel Hidalgo Downing Universidad Complutense, Madrid 3 B01 Julia Lavid-López Lavid-López, Julia Julia Lavid-López Universidad Complutense, Madrid 01 eng 512 xxx 481 LAN009000 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.FUNCT Functional linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book, a tribute to Angela Downing, consists of twenty papers taking a broadly functional perspective on language, with topics ranging from the general (grammar as an evolutionary product, text comprehension, integrative linguistics) to particular aspects of the grammars of languages (Bulgarian, English, Icelandic, Spanish, Swedish). The more specific papers are sequenced according to Halliday’s division into ideational, textual and interpersonal aspects of the grammar, and cover a wide range of areas, including aspect, argument structure, noun phrase/nominal group structure and nominalisations, pronominal clitics, theme in relation to writing skills, discourse structures and markers, the role of attention in conversation, the functions of topic, phatic communion, subjectification, formulaic language and modality. A recurrent theme in the volume is the use of corpus materials in order to base functional descriptions on authentic productions. Overall, the volume constitutes a panoramic but nevertheless detailed view of some important current trends in functional linguistics. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/slcs.85.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027230959.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027230959.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/slcs.85.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/slcs.85.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/slcs.85.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/slcs.85.hb.png 10 01 JB code slcs.85.01con ix xiv 6 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.02but xvii xxv 9 Miscellaneous 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Editorial introduction</TitleText> 1 A01 Christopher S. Butler Butler, Christopher S. Christopher S. Butler University of Wales Swansea, UK 2 A01 Raquel Hidalgo Downing Hidalgo Downing, Raquel Raquel Hidalgo Downing Universidad Complutense de Madrid 3 A01 Julia Lavid-López Lavid-López, Julia Julia Lavid-López Universidad Complutense de Madrid 10 01 JB code slcs.85.03pub xxvii xxx 4 Miscellaneous 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Publications of Angela Downing</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.04giv 1 40 40 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Grammar as an adaptive evolutionary product</TitleText> 1 A01 T. Givón Givón, T. T. Givón University of Oregon 01 The functional correlates of grammatical constructions can be given heuristically as (i) &#8220;the discourse context within which the grammatical construction is used&#8221;. They can also be given as the more cognitive-sounding (ii) &#8220;the communicative intent of the speaker using the construction&#8221;. In this paper I will suggest that the cognitive-sounding definition (ii) above needs to be specified more precisely in cognitive terms, bringing it in line with more up-to-date work in cognitive neuro-science. More specifically, I will suggest that in using grammar, speakers create mental models of the knowledge (epistemic) and intention (deontic) states of their interlocutors, in a way already implicit in H. P. Grice&#8217;s work. These models are created rapidly, on-line, automatically and with high specificity of the ever-shifting communicative context. The traditional pragmatic notions of &#8220;communicative context&#8221; (i) and &#8220;communicative intent&#8221; (ii)&#160;may thus be expressed more precisely in terms of so-called &#8220;Theories of Mind&#8221;, i.e. the mental models socially-cooperative organisms build of the presumed mental states of their&#160;cooperating interlocutors. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.05but 41 80 40 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Towards a cognitive-functional model of text comprehension</TitleText> 1 A01 Christopher S. Butler Butler, Christopher S. Christopher S. Butler University of Wales Swansea, UK 01 This paper examines two cognitively-based models of text comprehension and suggests how these might be combined, and integrated with a functional grammar in order to provide an overall model which takes us from a structured sequence of words to the understanding of the concepts conveyed. The paper first provides illustrated summaries of Kintsch&#8217;s construction-integration model and Werth&#8217;s text world model. Discussion of their similarities and differences suggests that they are not incompatible, but that both lack a suitable grammatical component. The paper then examines the properties which such a grammar needs to have, and demonstrates that Role and Reference Grammar is an appropriate choice. The parts of the model are then brought together in relation to a short but complete text taken from a corpus. The paper is rounded off with some concluding remarks. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.06sto 81 96 16 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Towards an integrational approach in linguistics</TitleText> 1 A01 Andrei Stoevsky Stoevsky, Andrei Andrei Stoevsky St Kliment Ohridsky University, Sofia 01 Integrationism has had a rather chequered history in post-Saussurean linguistics. This paper chronicles some of its manifestations and argues, to put it paradoxically, that crossing the dividing lines in the well-known dichotomies, <i>langue</i> vs. <i>parole</i>, synchrony vs. diachrony, internal linguistics vs. external linguistics, etc., does not amount to a methodological transgression. A substantial part of the discussion also bears on the issue of what counts as an adequate explanation. The aim of this study is to lend support to the view that given the complexity of language, both internally and in its relation to cognitive and social systems, truly explanatory adequacy is achievable only by applying an integrational approach. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.07alt 97 128 32 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Expressing past habit in English and Swedish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based contrastive study</Subtitle> 1 A01 Bengt Altenberg Altenberg, Bengt Bengt Altenberg University of Lund 01 English has no single verb expressing habitual aspect. Instead, habitual behaviour is indicated in various ways, e.g. by <i>will</i> (predictable or timeless habit), by <i>used to</i> and <i>would</i> (habit in the past), or simply by means of the simple present or past tense, often combined with a temporal adverb (<i>usually, normally</i>, etc). The choice of construction is partly determined by tense and aktionsart (state vs activity), but otherwise the ways of expressing habit in English are not well investigated. By contrast, Swedish makes use of a single auxiliary, <i>bruka</i>, to express both past and present habit. This cross-linguistic difference is a fruitful starting point for a corpus-based contrastive investigation. In the present study the means of expressing past habit in the two languages are explored on the basis of the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus, a bidirectional corpus of English and Swedish texts and their translations into the other language. Starting from constructions with <i>brukade </i>in Swedish original texts and translations the corresponding expressions in English translations and source texts are examined. The perspective is then reversed: using the English habitual marker <i>used</i> <i>to</i> as a point of departure the Swedish equivalents are investigated to determine if other forms than <i>brukade</i> are used in Swedish. The study reveals a complex cross-linguistic picture where aktionsart, generic subject, temporal specification and other contextual features are shown to be important factors determining the choice of habitual expression in the two languages. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.08rym 129 148 20 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Do cognate and circumstantial complements of intransitive verbs form one &#8216;Range&#8217;?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based discussion</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kathleen Rymen Rymen, Kathleen Kathleen Rymen University of Leuven 2 A01 Kristin Davidse Davidse, Kristin Kristin Davidse University of Leuven 01 In this article we examine the question whether cognate complements (as in <i>dance the tango</i>) and circumstantial complements (as in <i>climb stairs</i>) can be regarded as expressing the same semantic role. Halliday has proposed that they do: in his view they both delimit the ‘extent’, or ‘Range’, of the process. Traditionally, however, they have been regarded as distinct grammatical categories. Assuming, like Halliday, that grammatical categories are form-meaning couplings, we investigate in corpus data the two types of formal evidence proposed by him for the unified Range category: alternations and selection restrictions on determiners and modifiers. By quantifying the relative frequencies of the alternate constructions, we have found that clauses with cognate complements form the marked option – totalling on average 3.5% – in comparison with intransitives. Clauses with circumstantial complements, by contrast, alternate with intransitive clauses as well as with clauses with prepositional phrase in varying proportions. This shows that the notion of ‘location involved in process’ can be more strongly or weakly present in the semantics of verbs taking circumstantial complements. The determiners and modifiers of cognate and circumstantial complements also reflect different semantic relations of the complement to the process expressed by the verb. Cognate complements are predominantly indefinite and circumstantial complements more often definite, because the former typically construe a ‘new’ instance of the process, whereas the latter often express pre-existing locations. Attributive modifiers of the two complement types differ both quantitatively and qualitatively. Cognate complements take more qualitative adjectives, which tend to express the manner in which the process takes place. Circumstantial complements have much less qualitative modification and often express the resistance or facilitation offered by the location to the action being carried out on it. We conclude that the two types of complements express different sorts of entities with different relations to the process. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.09ber 149 164 16 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The <i>unconscious, irresponsible construction</i> in Modern Icelandic</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02"><i>unconscious, irresponsible construction</i> in Modern Icelandic</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Enrique Bernárdez Bernárdez, Enrique Enrique Bernárdez Universidad Complutense, Madrid 01 The Icelandic language possesses a number of constructions whose function it is to express the degree of agentivity or lack of agentivity of a process. This paper analyses a specific construction built with the auxiliary verb <i>verða</i> ‘to become’ plus an experiencer or affected entity in the dative and a lexical verb in the neuter form of the past participle; the construction is used to mean that the human experiencer is unconscious of the onset of the process leading to a new state as a result. For instance, <i>mér verður litið</i>, meaning ‘I happened to look’. The assumed agent of the resulting state is conceptualized as an involuntary experiencer, not responsible for the resulting action or process. This construction has not been the object of systematic analysis before and this paper intends to offer a preliminary analysis from a semantic perspective. The construction is set in relation with the other Icelandic constructions of ‘reduced agentivity’. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.10faw 165 204 40 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Modelling &#8216;selection&#8217; between referents in the English nominal group</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An essay in scientific inquiry in linguistics</Subtitle> 1 A01 Robin P. Fawcett Fawcett, Robin P. Robin P. Fawcett Centre for Language and Communication Research Cardiff University 01 This paper addresses two issues, one descriptive and one methodological. It offers a description of the English nominal group (aka noun phrase) that greatly extends the traditional concept of ‘determiner’. More specifically, it describes an integrated semantics and functional syntax for the quantifying and deictic determiners, based on the concept of ‘selection’. This approach has the advantage over standard representations that, when analyzing (1) <i>five books</i>, (2) <i>those books</i> and (3) <i>five of those books</i>, the words<i> five, those</i> and <i>books</i> expound the same element in each case. The paper then shows how this approach can be extended to eight other determiners and their associated uses of of (and, incidentally, the structure for its remaining uses). But there is equal emphasis on the methodology used to establish which of three possible types of structure should be used to model such examples, and the paper concludes by suggesting that the ultimate criteria are those of elegance in the operation of the grammar. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.11dav 205 216 12 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Problems in NP structure</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An example from British tabloid journalism</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eirian C. Davies Davies, Eirian C. Eirian C. Davies Department of English, Royal Holloway, University of London 01 This paper considers a textual example of the nominal group found in a British tabloid daily newspaper (<i>The Sun</i>), with a view to examining how far two standard treatments of nominal group/noun phrase structure, directed at a student readership, account for the pattern of pre-modification found in it. The two works referred to are, Greenbaum, S. and R. Quirk (1992) <i>A Student’s Grammar of the English Language</i>, and, Halliday, M.A.K. and C.M.I.M. Matthiessen (2004) <i>An Introduction to Functional Grammar</i> (3rd edn). Halliday’s functional category of ‘classifier’ and Greenbaum and Quirk’s category of ‘noun pre-modifier’ largely overlap, and rules for the relative sequence of different elements in NP/nominal group structure in these two accounts have a good deal in common. Problems with the analysis of the chosen example exist for both. The main distinction between these accounts with respect to pre-modification lies in Halliday’s proposal of a division between a logical and an experiential basis for nominal group analysis. Using the example given, the suggestion is made that these two dimensions are not mutually independent, and that a case can be made that it is set inclusion attributes of the experiential structure that determine the features dealt with under the heading ‘logical structure’ in Halliday’s account. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.12mac 217 232 16 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Double-possessive nominalizations in English</TitleText> 1 A01 J. Lachlan Mackenzie Mackenzie, J. Lachlan J. Lachlan Mackenzie Honorary Professor, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 01 Double-possessive nominalizations such as <i>Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait</i> have played a prominent role in the history of linguistics. However, this construction is not only cross-linguistically rare but also the least used form of nominalization in English texts. The question is therefore addressed of the circumstances under which double-possessive nominalization is used. What emerges from corpus analysis is that the construction is employed above all to designate mental processes and that its occurrence differs from that of its clausal analogue in occurring in certain syntactic positions in which clauses are excluded. The article also contains discussion of such matters as the semantic categories of entity proposed by Functional Grammar, the interaction of nominalization and psych verbs and the effect of syntactic ‘priming’. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.13sta 233 256 24 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pragmatics, word order and cross-reference</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Some issues with pronominal clitics&#160;in Bulgarian</Subtitle> 1 A01 Svilen B. Stanchev Stanchev, Svilen B. Svilen B. Stanchev University of Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria 01 There is an apparent ambivalence in the lexico-grammatical status of pronominal clitics in Bulgarian. They have the features of pronominal forms on the one hand and grammaticalized markers on the other. The present analysis builds on my previous publications in the field of Bulgarian clitics, sentence pragmatics and word order, but it also takes into account other recent publications on the subject. I adopt the view that Bulgarian pronominal clitics have grammaticalized to a degree where they function as cross-reference markers of the object, identical with verbal inflexions which cross-reference the subject. This approach makes it possible to account for the use of clitics both in their object-reduplicating function and as separate short pronominal forms. In correlation with prosody and special sentence positions, clitics play an important role in the pragmatic organization of the expression as markers of object topicalization. Basing my pragmatic analysis on the general schema of pragmatic positions in the Bulgarian sentence (cf. Stanchev 1997), in this article I present an outline of the major patterns of Topic and Focus assignment involving constructions with reduplicating clitics (CRCs). 10 01 JB code slcs.85.14han 257 278 22 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Patterns of multiple theme and their role in developing English writing skills</TitleText> 1 A01 Mike Hannay Hannay, Mike Mike Hannay Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 01 This paper looks at patterning in multiple themes in written English. Adopting a view of theme in declarative SVO clauses which extends up to the grammatical subject and its non-restrictive postmodifications, and building on an earlier study by Smits (2002), it uses corpus data to identify three major patterns, labeled &#8220;stepwise&#8221;, &#8220;focalizing&#8221; and &#8220;grounding&#8221;. All three patterns are used by advanced learners of English in their writing, but the stepwise pattern is significantly overused while the others are underused. In light of the relevance of these patterns for writing text conforming to the C levels of the Common European Framework of Reference, the paper argues for the development of study and exercise material making use of data from learner corpora. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.15jor 279 300 22 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Interactive solution-problems</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A set of structures in general and scientific writing</Subtitle> 1 A01 Michael P. Jordan Jordan, Michael P. Michael P. Jordan Queen's University at Kingston 01 The theory of problem-solution patterning is already well established for a wide range of genres and at macrostructure and microstructure levels of communication. That theory has, however, largely failed to account for interactive solution-problems: where a solution is or causes a problem to another person, group or thing. This chapter establishes the major parameters of this sub-theory of problem-solution structures and the related grammar and signalling. For informal writing in the natural sciences, solution-problems are shown to apply to environmental concerns, predator-prey relations and cause-effect relations. More generally the principles are extended to cover third-party involvement, friends and enemies and iatrogenic solution-problems. The sub-theory of structures and linguistic signalling outlined here applies to many genres &#8211; not just those in the natural sciences, but also in news and business reports, and general journalism. Studies of the structures and signalling of politics and fictional works (cartoons, sitcoms, soap operas, movies, novels, etc.) would be natural extensions for the principles explained. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.16fra 301 312 12 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The English Contrastive Discourse Marker <i>instead</i></TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">English Contrastive Discourse Marker <i>instead</i></TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Bruce Fraser Fraser, Bruce Bruce Fraser Boston University 01 This paper examines the English Contrastive Discourse Marker <i>instead</i> as it occurs both in written and spoken discourse. I conclude that there are two primary uses for <i>instead</i>: a “pseudo-action” use, where <i>instead</i> signals a contrast between a non-occurring action and an occurring action; and an “actual-action” use, where it signals a contrast between two occurring actions. I then discuss the semantic restrictions on the discourse segments contrasted with each of these two uses and find them mutually exclusive. Finally, I look at <i>instead</i> in combination with <i>and, but</i>, and <i>so</i>. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.17lav 313 326 14 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Global and local attention in task-oriented conversation</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An empirical investigation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Julia Lavid-López Lavid-López, Julia Julia Lavid-López Universidad Complutense de Madrid 01 The genre of task-oriented conversation has not received much attention within the linguistic literature, but its study is highly relevant for spoken dialogue systems, where dialogue is focused on accomplishing a concrete task. Using a sample of 30 dialogues, randomly selected from a larger corpus of appointment-scheduling dialogues, this paper investigates how speakers focus their global and local attention as the dialogue progresses. It is expected that the results of this empirical investigation will shed light on the global and local attentional features of this type of task-oriented conversations and will contribute to a better understanding of this important cognitive component of discourse processing. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.18hid 327 348 22 Article 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Metadiscursive and interpersonal values of pronominal topics in spoken Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Raquel Hidalgo Downing Hidalgo Downing, Raquel Raquel Hidalgo Downing Universidad Complutense de Madrid 2 A01 Laura Hidalgo-Downing Hidalgo-Downing, Laura Laura Hidalgo-Downing Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 01 This paper presents a discussion on the interactive and textual functions of pronominal marked topics in spoken Spanish. The study is a continuation of an empirical analysis based on Marcos Marín’s <i>Corpus oral de referencia de español contemporáneo</i> (Marcos Marín 1992), in which we have examined the formal types and pragmatic functions of marked topics in peninsular spoken Spanish, applying a conversational approach to topic (Hidalgo Downing 2003). According to the results of that study, Spanish speakers use marked topics to signal different types of movements in topic sequencing, such as topic introduction, framing, shading and closing. A large group of marked topics in spoken Spanish is composed of pronouns, which are informationally given elements by definition. In Spanish then, marked topics are not restricted to the introduction of referents which are not completely recoverable to the hearers, as other studies have suggested (Geluykens 1992), but rather, serve interactive and textual functions. In this paper, we aim to examine the discourse functions of personal and demonstrative pronouns, and to discuss the organizational and interpersonal nature of such functions. The idea we would like to explore is that topic signalling can be studied as a metadiscursive device, where the different functions of pronouns serve as orientation to hearers in the organization, regulation and interpretation of discourse.<br /><br /> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.19urb 349 358 10 Article 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Phatic communion and small talk in fictional dialogues</TitleText> 1 A01 Ludmila Urbanova Urbanova, Ludmila Ludmila Urbanova Masaryk University Brno 01 Phatic communion and small talk in fictional dialogues are governed by two opposing tendencies which coexist in dialogic structure known as verisimilitude and defamiliarization (see Fowler 1996). On the one hand, fictional dialogues make use of features present in authentic, spontaneous face-to-face conversation, e.g. loose syntactic structure, ellipsis, interjections, informal phraseology etc., to sound close to real-life situations. On the other hand, however, the author utilizes casual exchanges to create new, unconventional meanings frequently carrying differing points of view which are expressions of heteroglossia defined as “polyphony of social and discursive forces” (Holquist 1994.69). My findings present the results of an analysis of fictional dialogues in the novel <i>Heat Wave</i> by Penelope Lively. Phatic communion and small talk are understood as two different, though mutually related notions. Small talk seems to reflect a broader concept of socialization, while phatic communion is considered to be part of small talk. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.20van 359 394 36 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Mister so-called X</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Discourse functions and subjectification of <i>so-called</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Lieven Vandelanotte Vandelanotte, Lieven Lieven Vandelanotte University of Namur 01 In this paper, I explore the usage range of the pattern <i>Mister so-called X</i> on the basis of internet data. In a first step I argue that framing adjectives such as <i>so-called</i>, <i>alleged</i>, and purported involve interpersonal rather than representational meaning and structure. Secondly, of the different framing adjectives, so-called is shown to be the one which has come to be used most often with dissociative affect, a development which is co-enabled by its high frequency and its lack of very strong register preferences and collocates. Finally, in a set of 88 observations of the pattern <i>Mister so-called X</i> collected through WebCorp [www.webcorp.org.uk], I distinguish different usage patterns and relate these in terms of subjectification. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.21tuc 395 418 24 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">&#8216;Sorry to muddy the waters&#8217;</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Accounting for speech act formulae and formulaic variation in a systemic functional model of language</Subtitle> 1 A01 Gordon H. Tucker Tucker, Gordon H. Gordon H. Tucker Cardiff University 01 In this paper I seek to provide a grammatical account of some aspects of the realisation of speech acts in spoken discourse that are considered formulaic and/or, in some sense elliptical, as described in Biber et al’s (1999) description of the ‘grammar of conversation’. Focusing on apologies involving <i>sorry</i>, I discuss the treatment of formulaic <i>sorry </i>in isolation, together with variants that include it. The discussion is set within the theoretical and descriptive framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (e.g. Halliday and Matthiessen 2004) and the solutions proposed are given in terms of (a) a functionally motivated grammatical structure associated with this framework and (b) system networks that represent the choices available to speakers in a given context. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.22sim 419 446 28 Article 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The discourse functionality of adjectival and adverbial epistemic expressions</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">discourse functionality of adjectival and adverbial epistemic expressions</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from present-day English</Subtitle> 1 A01 Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen Ghent University 2 A01 Karin Aijmer Aijmer, Karin Karin Aijmer Göteborg University 01 In this article we examine the adjectival and adverbial expressions <i>it is certain/certainly, it is clear/clearly</i> and <i>it is obvious/obviously</i> in a corpus of present-day English, the <i>British National Corpus</i>. We aim to answer two questions. One is the question of how the constructional properties of the adjectival expressions create specific behavioural properties which are different from those of the adverbs. The second question is how the adjectival expressions are used rhetorically and how their discourse functionality differs from that of the corresponding adverbial expressions. Starting out from Nuyts’ (2001) criteria, ‘intersubjectivity’, ‘salience’, ‘performativity’ and ‘discourse strategy’ we examine the extent to which the data confirm the relevance of these factors. We show that the reasons why speakers opt for adjectival or adverbial expressions are complex and that an explanation cannot limit itself to a single factor. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.23col 447 468 22 Article 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Modality across World Englishes</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The modals and semi-modals of prediction and volition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Peter Collins Collins, Peter Peter Collins University of New South Wales 01 This paper reports a corpus-based study which examined the uses of the modals and semi-modals which express meanings associated with prediction and volition (<i>will, shall, be going to/gonna, want to/wanna, and be about to</i>) in British, American and Australian English. Quantitative findings relating to regional and stylistic variation are presented, and consideration is given to the possible influence upon the relative popularity of modal uses of ‘Americanization’ and ‘colloquialization’. It is suggested that these socially-driven dissemination processes provide possible explanations for, inter alia, the differing fortunes of the moribund shall on the one hand and on the other those of the popular semi-modals <i>be going to/gonna and want to/wanna</i>. 10 01 JB code slcs.85.24nam 469 472 4 Miscellaneous 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Name index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.25sub 473 480 8 Miscellaneous 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code slcs.85.26lan 481 1 Miscellaneous 26 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20070713 2007 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 1040 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 14 12 01 02 JB 1 00 125.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 132.50 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 12 02 02 JB 1 00 105.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 12 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 188.00 USD