For non-Anglophone scholars, there are essentially three language options, leading to: (1) untranslated publications in languages other than English; (2) research written in English, although some kind of “internal translation” has occurred to the author concerned; and (3) research translated into English by someone who serves as a mediator between the original text and the readers of the translation. The present paper analyzes the three choice made by Chinese scholars in the past two decades. The first category of these writings is produced by those who are unable to use English, or those who strive to resist Englishization. The second involves bilingual authors who are also “self-translators.” The third is by nature collaborative, with a monolingual author being helped, in most cases, by a professional translator. Specific reference will be made in this article to the shifting importance the third category has assumed in Chinese scholarship in the last decade but the main focus will be on the challenges faced by all non-Anglophone humanities scholars in attempting to publish in English.
2011 “Cross-Cultural Moral Explorations in Plagiarism.” In Voices, Identities, Negotiations, and Conflicts: Writing Academic English across Cultures, ed. by Phan Le Ha and Bradley Baurain, 123–138. London: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.
Belcher, Diane D
2007 “Seeking Acceptance in an English-only Research World.” Journal of Second Language Writing 16 (1): 1–22.
Bennett, Karen
(ed.)2014The Semiperiphery of Academic Writing: Discourses, Communities and Practices. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bennett, Karen
2012English Academic Discourse: Hegemonic Status and Implications for Translation. Saarbrucken: Lambert Academic Publishing.
Bloch, Joel, and Lan Chi
1995 “A Comparison of the Use of Citations in Chinese and English Academic Discourse.” In Academic Writing in a Second Language: Essays on Research and Pedagogy, ed. by Diane D. Belcher and George Braine, 231–274. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp.
Bosco, Joseph
2004 “Local Theories and Sinicization in the Anthropology of Taiwan.” In The Making of Anthropology in East and Southeast Asia, ed. by Shinji Yamashita, Joseph Bosco, and J.S. Eades, 208–251. New York: Berghahn Books.
Canagarajah, A. Suresh
2002A Geopolitics of Academic Writing. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press.
Chamberlain, Lori
1992 “Gender and the Metaphorics of Translation.” In Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology, ed. by Lawrence Venuti, 57–75. New York: Routledge.
Chovanec, Jan
2012 “Written Academic Discourse in English: From Local Traditions to Global Outreach.” Brno Studies in English 38 (2): 5–16.
Chow, Rey
1993Writing Diaspora: Tactics of Intervention in Contemporary Cultural Studies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Cronin, Michael
2003Translation and Globalisation. London: Routledge.
Committee on the China Translation Industry Annual Reports
2012aZhongguo yuyan fuwuye fanzhan baogao [Development Report on Language Service Providers in China]. Beijing: Zhongguo fanyi xiehui and Zhongguo fanyi hangye fazhan zhanlue yanjiuyuan.
Committee on the China Translation Industry Annual Reports
2012bZhongguo wenhua duiwai fanyi chuban fanzhan baogao [Development Report on Outward Translation of Chinese Culture]. Beijing: Zhongguo fanyi xiehui and Beijing waiguoyu daxue.
Curry, Mary Jane, and Theresa Lillis
2004 “Multilingual Scholars and the Imperative to Publish in English: Negotiating Interests, Demands, and Rewards.” TESOL Quarterly 38 (4): 663–688.
Cyranoski, David
2010 “Strong Medicine for China’s Journals.” Nature 4671. [URL] doi:
Dirlik, Arif
2012 “Zhongguohua: Worlding China: The Case of Sociology and Anthropology in Twentieth-century China.” In Sociology and Anthropology in Twentieth-century China: Between Universalism and Indigenism, ed. by Arif Dirlik, et al., 1–40. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
Flaherty, Colleen
2015 “Not a Small World After All.” Inside Higher Ed. 11February. [URL]
Flowerdew, John
1999 “Problems in Writing for Scholarly Publication in English: The Case of Hong Kong.” Journal of Second Language Writing 8 (3): 234–264.
Flowerdew, John, and Yongyan Li
2007 “Language Re-use among Chinese Apprentice Scientists Writing for Publication.” Applied Linguistics 28 (3): 440–465.
Friedman, Alan Warren, Charles Rossman, and Dina Sherzer
(eds)1987Beckett Translating/Translating Beckett. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Fung, Isaac C.H
2008 “Citation of Non-English Peer Review Publications—Some Chinese Examples.” Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 51: 12. [URL]. DOI:
Gil, Jeffrey
2011 “A Comparison of the Global Status of English and Chinese: Towards a New Global Language?” English Today 27 (1): 52–59.
Graddol, David
1997The Future of English? A Guide to Forecasting the Popularity of the English Language in the 21st Century. London: British Council. [URL]
Hokenson, Jan Walsh, and Marcella Munson
2007The Bilingual Text: History and Theory of Literary Self-Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome.
House, Juliane
2014 “English as a Global Lingua Franca: A Threat to Multilingual Communication and Translation?” Language Teaching 47 (3): 363–376.
Hyland, Ken
2009Academic Discourse: English in a Global Context. London: Continuum.
Jenkins, Jennifer
2014English as a Lingua Franca in the International University: The Politics of Academic English Language Policy. New York: Routledge.
Kachru, Braj B
1982The Other Tongue: English across Cultures. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Kuwayama, Takami
2004Native Anthropology: The Japanese Challenge to Western Academic Hegemony. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.
Lambert, José
2007 “The Language of University and the Idea of Language Management: Before and Beyond National Languages. A Position Paper.” In European Networking and Learning for the Future: The EuroPace Approach, ed. by Annemie Boonen and Wim Van Petegem, 198–215. Antwerp: Garant.
Li, Yongyan
2014 “Seeking Entry to the North American Market: Chinese Management Academics Publishing Internationally.” Journal of English for Academic Purposes 131: 41–52.
Montgomery, Scott L
2000Science in Translation: Movements of Knowledge through Culture and Time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Montgomery, Scott L
2013Does Science Need a Global Language? English and the Future of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2008A Preliminary Review of the Hong Kong CAP Data. Higashi-Hiroshima: Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University.
Rong, Xinjiang
2013Eight Lectures on Dunhuang, Trans. by Imre Gambalos. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Saraceni, Mario
2010The Relocation of English: Shifting Paradigms in a Global Era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shi, Ling
2003 “Writing in Two Cultures: Chinese Professors Return from the West.” The Canadian Modern Language Review 59 (3): 369–391.
Slattery, Luke
2009 “Mass Asian Language Program Is Not Sensible.” The Australian, July1. [URL]
Snell-Hornby, Mary
2010 “Mind the GAB.” The Linguist (June/July): 18–19.
Swales, John M
1985 “English as the International Language of Research.” RELC Journal 16 (1): 1–7.
Swales, John M
1990Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, Gordon, and Tingguang Chen
1989 “Linguistic, Cultural, and Subcultural Issues in Contrastive Discourse Analysis: Anglo-American and Chinese Scientific Texts.” Applied Linguistics 12 (3): 319–336.
Tupas, T. Ruanni F
2011 “Crossing Cultures in an Unequal World Order: Voicing and Agency in Academic Writing in English.” In Voices, Identities, Negotiations, and Conflicts: Writing Academic English across Cultures, ed. by Phan Le Ha, and Bradley Baurain, 213–230. London: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.
1995The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. New York: Routledge.
Wang, Xiaoming
2015 “ ‘Englishization’ under the Flag of Internationalization: A Case Study of Shanghai University.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 16 (2): 263–268.
Cited by
Cited by 4 other publications
Al Zumor, Abdulwahid Qasem
2021. Exploring Intricacies in English Passive Construction Translation in Research Articles’ Abstracts by Arab Author-Translators. SAGE Open 11:3 ► pp. 215824402110475 ff.
Antunes, Maria Alice Gonçalves
2022. O respeito pelo original: João Ubaldo Ribeiro e sua visão sobre a (auto)tradução em entrevista por e-mail. Revista Brasileira de Literatura Comparada 24:47 ► pp. 60 ff.
Li, Xiangdong
2020. Mediating cross-cultural differences in research article rhetorical moves in academic translation: A pilot corpus-based study of abstracts. Lingua 238 ► pp. 102795 ff.
Mu, Congjun
2020. Dr. Zheng—A Faithful Co-operator. In Understanding Chinese Multilingual Scholars’ Experiences of Writing and Publishing in English, ► pp. 143 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 may 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.