752030502 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code TLRP 24 Eb 15 9789027244864 06 10.1075/tlrp.24 13 2025007550 DG 002 02 01 TLRP 02 1388-8455 Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice 24 01 tlrp.24 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/tlrp.24 1 B01 Kara Warburton Warburton, Kara Kara Warburton Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières | Termologic 2 B01 John Humbley Humbley, John John Humbley Université Paris Cité 01 eng 688 ix 678 LAN009000 v.2006 CFM 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HOL History of linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme TERM.LEX Lexicography 24 JB Subject Scheme TERM.TERM Terminology 06 01 <i>Terminology throughout History: A discipline in the making</i> is a collection of individual contributions by leading terminology scholars from around the globe who describe historical developments of terminology as a discipline and a field of practice. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive written record of the history of terminology as it evolves from a set of practices to a discipline in its own right. Terminology has witnessed considerable theoretical and methodological developments in recent decades. These changes need to be understood within the context of their historical foundations. The book has three main focus areas. The first examines the prehistory of terminology, going back to the Ancient World, leading to the second, where the pioneers of modern terminology, Eugen Wüster in particular, are placed in their historical context. The final section is an account of how terminology developed in some twenty countries and language communities. 05 It provides a broad spectrum of interesting and relevant pieces of information in pursuing the aim [of tracing the establishment of terminology as a discipline, as formulated in the introduction]. Pius ten Hacken, University of Innsbruck, on Linguist List 37.1479 (17 April 2026). 05 Very rich and very pertinent, presenting numerous perspectives on terminology that have been less well investigated to date, and offering a level of detail that goes beyond many existing accounts. The language quality is consistently high, and the content in each chapter is well documented. The volume will be an asset to the collection of any library at a university with programs in terminology, lexicography, translation, language for special purposes, or historical linguistics, where it is certain to become a valued resource for graduate students and researchers in these fields. I applaud the editors and authors for this service to the terminology community, and I encourage anyone with an interest in terminology — past, present, or future — to check out the volume. Who knows… you may even find an Easter egg of your own hidden within the pages of this wide-ranging collection! Lynne Bowker, Université Laval in Terminology 32:1 (2026). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/tlrp.24.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027220295.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027220295.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/tlrp.24.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/tlrp.24.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/tlrp.24.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/tlrp.24.hb.png 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages 1 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.toc v viii 4 Table of contents 2 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.ack ix x 2 Acknowledgments 3 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.intro 1 24 24 Chapter 4 1 A01 John Humbley Humbley, John John Humbley 2 A01 Kara Warburton Warburton, Kara Kara Warburton 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.p01 Section header 5 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.01fru 26 47 22 Chapter 6 1 A01 Michele Fruyt Fruyt, Michele Michele Fruyt Sorbonne Université 20 approximate terminologies 20 aquatic animals 20 astronomy 20 biunivocal terminologies 20 Christian vocabulary 20 geology 20 Latin 20 natural categories 20 nomenclatures 20 scientific denominations 01 Latin offers a wide range of terminology types, from the most unambiguous, which are true nomenclatures (for institutions), to the most vague or approximate (for natural categories), with intermediate zones where different types cohabit in the same lexicon (as in Christian vocabulary). The degree of imprecision of the terminologies is related to the nature of the extralinguistic domain denoted and to its degree of remoteness from human beings, depending whether it is man-made or belongs to nature. The various types of terminologies documented in Latin are not specific to Latin; they are still attested nowadays in various languages. The terminologies of natural categories, however imprecise, have nevertheless been re-used since the 18th century in the binomial nomenclatures of modern sciences such as zoology created by the Swedish scientist Linnaeus. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.02duc 48 65 18 Chapter 7 1 A01 Joëlle Ducos Ducos, Joëlle Joëlle Ducos Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL 2 A01 Michèle Goyens Goyens, Michèle Michèle Goyens KU Leuven 3 A01 Inge Fourneau Fourneau, Inge Inge Fourneau KU Leuven 4 A01 Fleur Vigneron Vigneron, Fleur Fleur Vigneron Université Grenoble Alpes 20 botany 20 Latin 20 medicine 20 Medieval French 20 vernacular language 01 The Middle Ages were characterised by the emergence of European vernacular languages, which took their place beside Latin, hitherto the language of science practised by learned clerics and academics. Latin terminology was at the same time constituted by the integration of Greco-Latin and Arabic learning. This type of situation, where knowledge was often conveyed by translated and commented texts, paved the way for the creation of neologisms and linguistic innovations, in Latin as well as in the vernacular. This chapter examines the way terminologies and specialised lexical usages originated and developed, the social circles and the domains which promoted this expansion and the different coining and lexicalisation processes involved, focusing especially on French-speaking countries. After a general presentation of the medieval situation, two scientific domains will be analysed by way of example. The first is medicine, which gave rise to numerous Latin and French texts, and the second is botany, situated at the crossroads of common language and specialised uses. The medieval period is thus revealed as a veritable terminological laboratory, a time of linguistic experimentation serving the dissemination of science. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.03zan 66 82 17 Chapter 8 1 A01 Maria Teresa Zanola Zanola, Maria Teresa Maria Teresa Zanola Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore 20 encyclopaedism 20 Enlightenment 20 knowledge transfer 20 specialised lexicography 20 specialised lexicon 01 What is nowadays referred to with the word <i>terminology</i> owes much to the European tradition of lexicographical coding and linguistic-scientific investigation that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. Such research was carried out through the ‘term’ and ‘nomenclature’ paradigm, along with the neological and communicative requirements of sciences, arts, and crafts. This chapter illustrates the depth of the investigation which highlighted the characteristics of terminology as well as its linguistic and cultural value and aimed to attain communicative mediation between language and specialised knowledge throughout these centuries. <br />Advancements in encyclopaedism and the birth of new scientific languages triggered a conceptual shift from <i>nomenclature</i> to <i>terminology</i>: therefore, the spheres of knowledge where the concept of terminology was conceived will be explored. This interdisciplinary space where language and technical and scientific knowledge were at play, where new concepts took shape and opportunities for their communication grew, is examined here with a focus on the following areas: the problems surrounding nomen­clature and the classification of scientific and technical lexicons; the production of technical and specialised dictionaries during the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century; the debate on terminology in scientific works of the time; and the contribution of the new chemistry of Lavoisier and Guyton de Morveau to the development of terminology systematisation. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.04rag 83 104 22 Chapter 9 1 A01 Beatrice Ragazzini Ragazzini, Beatrice Beatrice Ragazzini University of Bologna 20 19th century 20 cloud classification 20 diachronic terminology 20 nomenclatures 20 scientific language 20 scientific progress 20 standardisation 20 term formation 20 term variation 20 terminology theory 01 This chapter describes terminological processes within the development of 19th century scientific knowledge. Taking the classification of cloud forms as an example, three terminological processes are analysed as they apply to the formation of 19th century scientific language i.e., term formation, term variation, and standardisation. These processes are presented through original quotations from primary sources and examined from the perspective of modern terminology theory. The formation of the nomenclature of clouds is set in the broader historical context of the 19th century construction of scientific disciplines and knowledge systematisation. The contribution of these processes to the progress of knowledge is discussed, as is the relevance of a diachronic perspective in the study of terminology. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.05sta 105 116 12 Chapter 10 1 A01 Claudia Stancati Stancati, Claudia Claudia Stancati University of Calabria 20 epistemology 20 ethics 20 philosophy 20 sign 01 Contemporary terminology emerged between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, a development made manifest in the growing number of international conferences. This movement toward standardisation and internationalisation of sciences and technologies also involved the humanities and philosophical disciplines. The theories and ethics of terminology are all aspects of this movement in which Charles Sanders Peirce, starting from his semiotic perspective, was a major protagonist. Peirce was a prolific coiner of philosophical neologisms, an active collaborator on general and specialised dictionaries, and he considered the conscious and precise use of technical language as a matter of capital importance for the sciences in general and for philosophy in particular, one of the pivots of the work of every scientific community. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.06van 117 145 29 Chapter 11 1 A01 Marc Van Campenhoudt Van Campenhoudt, Marc Marc Van Campenhoudt Université libre de Bruxelles 20 dictionaries 20 equivalence 20 marine 20 ontology 20 semantic network 20 terminography 01 <i>From Keel to Truck</i> is a vast trilingual (English, French, German) dictionary that was highly successful in the late 19th century. To complete the work, author Heinrich Paasch builds on a long tradition of marine dictionaries and develops an original terminographical method which would foreshadow 20th-century theory for the discipline of terminology. His highly structured book prefigures terminological knowledge bases: a monosemic approach, reliance on semantic relationships, and close attention to divergences between languages. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.p02 Section header 12 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.07leo 148 166 19 Chapter 13 1 A01 Natascia Leonardi Leonardi, Natascia Natascia Leonardi University of Macerata 20 artificial language 20 conceptual framework 20 Esperanto 20 knowledge formalisation 20 specialised language 01 Eugen Wüster, the founder of terminology science, is considered in this study as part of a long tradition of interventions in natural languages aiming at improving their representative and communicative efficiency. From the invention of artificial language systems (in 17th century Europe), through language planning (from the 19th century onwards) this tradition continues in contemporary formalised models developed in Natural Language Processing that are at the basis of Artificial Intelligence applications. International artificial/auxiliary languages are recognised to have a key role in the birth of terminology as a scientific discipline. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.08tro 167 189 23 Chapter 14 1 A01 Mitja Trojar Trojar, Mitja Mitja Trojar Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts 20 Esperanto 20 Eugen Wüster 20 General Theory of Terminology 20 technical languages 20 Vienna School of Terminology 01 The chapter analyses some of Wüster’s fundamental texts in order to faithfully document his ideas about language and terminology, language and technical languages, the relation between general language and technical languages and his understanding of concepts. By analysing and commenting on quotations from Wüster’s major works, it explores certain social, historical and other factors that determined Wüster’s thinking about languages and focuses on how Wüster used metaphors to construct his theory of terminology. The chapter also investigates the cornerstone notion of Wüster’s theory: the <i>concept</i>. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.09kov 190 210 21 Chapter 15 1 A01 Dominika Kováríková Kováríková, Dominika Dominika Kováríková Charles University 20 functional and structural linguistics 20 Prague Linguistic Circle 20 Prague Terminology School 20 terminography 20 terminology 01 This chapter explores the theoretical development of Czech terminology, particularly through the influence of the Prague Linguistic Circle (PLC), which has shaped Czech linguistic thought since its establishment in 1926. The PLC’s emphasis on functional and structural linguistics has significantly contributed to the development of Czech terminological theory, leading to a distinctive focus on the linguistic dimension of terminology. While external factors such as the building of national identity, political shifts and more recent trends like globalization and technological advancement have also played important roles, the core developments have been driven by linguistic innovation. The chapter traces this evolution from the 19th century to the present day. Key to this development is the perception of the term not merely as a unit of knowledge but as a lexical item within a structured language system. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.10hum 211 232 22 Chapter 16 1 A01 Tatiana Orel Orel, Tatiana Tatiana Orel University of Ottawa 20 cognitive terminology 20 cognitive-communicative terminology science 20 cognitive-onomasiological modeling 20 Russian terminology school 20 terminology science 20 theory of nomination 01 This chapter describes four periods of terminology science development in the Soviet Union and Russia from the beginning of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. It includes the description of major orien­tations and methodologies of the Soviet/Russian terminology school and analyses the work of the most prominent scholars who influenced the advancement of this science. We also present the state-​of-​the-​art of cognitive-​communicative terminology with the implementation of cognitive-onomasiological modeling reflecting the achievements of traditional terminology science and cognitive linguistics. This chapter also traces the evolution of Soviet/Russian terminology science and the transformation of its research landscape which resulted in the cognitive-​communicative paradigm that has produced the interplay of methodologies for developing ontological systems based on cognition, communication, and anthropocentrism. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.11con 233 251 19 Chapter 17 1 A01 Anne Condamines Condamines, Anne Anne Condamines University of Toulouse Jean-Jaurès 2 A01 Valérie Delavigne Delavigne, Valérie Valérie Delavigne Sorbonne Nouvelle University 3 A01 François Gaudin Gaudin, François François Gaudin University of Rouen 4 A01 Aurélie Picton Picton, Aurélie Aurélie Picton University of Geneva 20 applied linguistics 20 corpora 20 Socioterminology 20 specialised discourse 20 Textual terminology 01 This chapter describes a part of the history of terminology, through the narrative of the emergence of two schools of thought in France: Socioterminology and Textual terminology. The authors of this chapter make no claim to represent French terminology <i>per se</i>. They seek to reflect on how terminology as a discipline has evolved in France. After contextualising the birth of these two theoretical approaches, the authors discuss their similarities and differences. This “comparative profile” highlights the proximity of the theoretical and methodological positions of Socioterminology and Textual terminology. The last section summarises these positions and offers reflections on the future of these two approaches, as well as on the future of terminology itself as a discipline. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.12fra 252 285 34 Chapter 18 1 A01 Aline Francœur Francœur, Aline Aline Francœur Université Laval 20 bijuralism 20 common law 20 English 20 French 20 language planning 20 legal terminology 20 Office québécois de la langue française 20 Quebec francisation campaign 20 translation 20 Translation Bureau 01 This chapter delineates the emergence of terminology activities in Canada in the early 1900s, and goes on to cover the major turning points in the development of the discipline and profession up to the end of the 1980s. It shows how terminology became a key tool in carrying out Canada’s official bilingualism policy, providing the French terms needed to translate increasingly specialised texts from English to French. It also illustrates the pivotal role terminology played in the extensive campaign led by the Quebec government in the 1970s and 1980s to make French the official language of business, administration, and commerce in the province of Quebec. Lastly, it touches on the francisation of the common law vocabulary, another milestone in the history of terminology in Canada. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.13alc 286 304 19 Chapter 19 1 A01 Amparo Alcina Alcina, Amparo Amparo Alcina Universitat Jaume I 20 communicative theory of terminology 20 frame-based terminology 20 specialised translation 20 terminology 01 This chapter explores the evolution of terminology in Spain, tracing its journey from early stages to contemporary practices. Key institutions, influential figures, and foundational theoretical frameworks that have shaped the discipline are examined. The role of the Real Academia Española and other scientific institutions in standardising terminology is highlighted. The contributions of scholars such as Amelia de Irazazábal and the impact of political and cultural changes on terminology development are analysed. <br />The chapter delves into key theoretical perspectives, including Teresa Cabré’s Communicative Theory of Terminology and Pamela Faber’s Frame-based Terminology. These theories offer valuable insights into the cognitive and communicative aspects of terminology. Finally, the chapter emphasises the growth and diversification of terminology research in Spain, with the establishment of new research groups and the integration of terminology into various academic and professional fields. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.14poz 305 326 22 Chapter 20 1 A01 María Pozzi Pozzi, María María Pozzi El Colegio de México 20 applied terminology 20 international cooperation in terminology 20 terminography 20 terminology in Mexico 20 terminotics 20 theoretical terminology 01 This chapter recounts how modern systematic terminology has evolved in Mexico. It highlights three events that mark its beginnings: the project of the <i>Dictionary of Mexican Spanish</i> and how it dealt with terms, the first terminology courses and terminography projects, and the agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and El Colegio de México regarding Eurodicautom and Mexican-Spanish terminology. It then accounts for the expansion of terminology by means of the proliferation of courses, and a growing number of researchers and their contributions. Next, it describes the role of Mexico in international organisations and terminology networks. Finally, it analyses the challenges faced by Mexican terminologists and how the future may be envisaged. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.15wei 327 364 38 Chapter 21 1 A01 Lise Lotte Weilgaard Christensen Weilgaard Christensen, Lise Lotte Lise Lotte Weilgaard Christensen University of Southern Denmark 2 A01 Hanne Erdman Thomsen Erdman Thomsen, Hanne Hanne Erdman Thomsen Copenhagen Business School 3 A01 Bodil Nistrup Madsen Madsen, Bodil Nistrup Bodil Nistrup Madsen Copenhagen Business School 4 A01 Anna-Lena Bucher Bucher, Anna-Lena Anna-Lena Bucher The Swedish Association for Terminology 5 A01 Henrik Nilsson Nilsson, Henrik Henrik Nilsson The Swedish Centre for Terminology TNC 6 A01 Claudia Dobrina Dobrina, Claudia Claudia Dobrina The Swedish Association for Terminology 7 A01 Håvard Hjulstad Hjulstad, Håvard Håvard Hjulstad Standards Norway 8 A01 Åsa Holmér Holmér, Åsa Åsa Holmér The Institute for Language and Folklore 9 A01 Johan Myking Myking, Johan Johan Myking University of Bergen 10 A01 Anita Nuopponen Nuopponen, Anita Anita Nuopponen University of Vaasa 11 A01 Sirpa Suhonen Suhonen, Sirpa Sirpa Suhonen The Finnish Terminology Centre 12 A01 Anu Ylisalmi Ylisalmi, Anu Anu Ylisalmi The Finnish Terminology Centre 13 A01 Ágústa Þorbergsdóttir Þorbergsdóttir, Ágústa Ágústa Þorbergsdóttir The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies 20 concept system 20 formalisation 20 Nordic terminology co-operation 20 term bank 20 terminological data categories 20 terminological format 20 terminological management tool 20 terminology centre 20 terminology research 20 terminology training and teaching 20 terminology work 01 This chapter analyses and discusses the coherence of Nordic terminology co-operation. The hub of this co-operation is the Nordterm network initiated in 1976. Over the years, a bridge has been built from Nordterm to each country and vice versa. We describe the development of Nordterm and the history of terminology organisations in each of the Nordic countries, and outline the research activities and the development of methodologies as well as the teaching and training activities carried out in the Nordic countries. Nordic term banks and terminology portals as well as contri­butions to the international terminology community are described. We also explain how the conditions for terminology work in the region have changed. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.16auk 365 388 24 Chapter 22 1 A01 Albina Auksoriute Auksoriute, Albina Albina Auksoriute Institute of the Lithuanian Language 20 Lithuanian terminology 20 terminography 20 terminology commissions 20 terminology management 20 terminology research 01 The evolution of Lithuanian terminology is examined in three phases: (1) the period of independent Lithuania (1918–1940), (2) the years of the occupation of Lithuania (1940–1990), and (3) the years following the restoration of Lithuania’s independence (1990–2020). An analysis of Lithuanian terminology management is presented, starting with a discussion of the terminology commissions, followed by a brief presentation of the resources available for the development of Lithuanian terminology. The discussion of terminology research in Lithuania focuses on the terminology theory published by the philosopher Stasys Šalkauskis and on the work of other terminologists. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.17gal 389 408 20 Chapter 23 1 A01 Christian Galinski Galinski, Christian Christian Galinski Infoterm 20 harmonisation 20 Infoterm 20 standardisation 20 standards developing organisation (SDO) 20 technical standardisation 20 terminological data 20 terminological principles and methods 20 terminology management 20 terminology science 20 terminology work 20 unification 01 The need for terminology unification and harmonisation grew significantly after the European Renaissance, and even more so during the industrial revolutions. Formal standardisation of terminologies began around 1900, efforts to standardise the methods of terminology standardisation in the mid-1930s. Today, there are standards for many aspects of terminology science and its manifold applications encompassing terminology theory and methodology, terminological activities and infrastructures, terminology management software and tools, terminological data, etc. After World War II, developments in the area of terminology standardisation accelerated with new facets and in a growing number of domains and subjects. Infoterm played a significant role in these developments with the result that standardisation has probably become the largest field of cooperation in terminology at international, regional, and national levels. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.18dik 409 421 13 Chapter 24 1 A01 Marcel Diki-Kidiri Diki-Kidiri, Marcel Marcel Diki-Kidiri African Academy of Languages (ACALAN) 20 African languages 20 appropriation of knowledge 20 concept 20 Cultural Terminology 20 percept 20 signifier 20 terminological diversity 01 Until the 1980s, African linguistics was dominated by descriptive and comparative linguistics. Linguists strongly refrained from intervening in African languages and modifying them in any way so as not to distort linguistic authenticity. However, when some languages attained national or official status and were used in adult literacy, applied linguistics were developed by dedicated institutions throughout Africa. Supported by international organisations and collaborative networks, these institutions produced thematic lexicons in African languages. Some Africanist linguists directed their research toward linguistics for development, paying special attention to speakers’ needs. Finally, through workshops organised at the laboratory Langage, Langues et Cultures d’Afrique Noire (LLACAN) in the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris, Marcel Diki-Kidiri developed the theory of Cultural Terminology, various aspects of which have been presented and acknowledged in several international conferences. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.p03 423 1 Section header 25 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.19aff 424 442 19 Chapter 26 1 A01 Andrée Affeich Affeich, Andrée Andrée Affeich Lebanese American University 2 A01 Rima Baraké Baraké, Rima Rima Baraké Lebanese University 20 Arabic 20 Arabisation 20 sciences 20 technologies 20 translation 01 This chapter traces the history of modern Arabic terminology. It begins with the 19th century, when translation contributed to the creation of terminology in different fields. Two countries emerged as the main catalysts: Egypt and Syria. Moving on to the 20th century and onwards, the chapter focuses on activities related to terminology within several organisations and academies. These activities were the fruit of promising projects of Arabisation and contributed to the creation and dissemination of terms. Nevertheless, each academy and institution had its own terminology, which resulted in a proliferation of synonyms. This factor, coupled with others highlighted in this chapter, is likely to have negatively affected the status of modern Arabic terminology. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.20fot 443 459 17 Chapter 27 1 A01 Annamaria Fotos Fotos, Annamaria Annamaria Fotos European Commission 2 A01 John Kirby Kirby, John John Kirby European Commission 3 A01 Riitta Majaniemi Majaniemi, Riitta Riitta Majaniemi European Commission 20 European Union 20 interinstitutional cooperation 20 multilingual communication 20 public sector information 20 standardisation 20 terminology database 20 terminology management 20 translation support 01 This chapter describes the history and development of IATE, the EU’s terminology database, from 1998 to the present day, listing some of the challenges faced in both its creation and its constant improvement, and the solutions found. It takes us from its conception, through its complete redevelopment, to today’s state-of-the-art terminology database. As a database owned by the European institutions and driven by the needs of translators working on EU documents and legislation, IATE has benefitted from extensive interinstitutional cooperation, and its development has been aided by considerable input from translators and other end users. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.21can 460 475 16 Chapter 28 1 A01 Danielle Candel Candel, Danielle Danielle Candel Université Paris-Cité 20 definitions 20 description 20 domains 20 enrichment process 20 lexicography 20 neologism 20 official terminology 20 prescription 20 terminology 01 This chapter deals with the history, theories and practices of official terminology in France. The establishment of official French terminology, including neology, was initiated in the 19th century in France but was formalised and intensified in recent decades. Terminological activity in France, which also makes use of work done in other areas of the Francophonie, such as Quebec, carefully organised for over fifty years, involves about twenty committees. They operate on the basis of accumulated experience in a wide range of domains (science, technology, industry, economy, culture). The aim is to show how terminology work fits in with lexicographical activities, establishes links with the official terminology framework and to describe its historical evolution. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.22sch 476 487 12 Chapter 29 1 A01 Klaus-Dirk Schmitz Schmitz, Klaus-Dirk Klaus-Dirk Schmitz University of Applied Sciences, Cologne 20 termbases 20 terminology projects 20 terminology science 20 terminology standardisation 20 terminology-related associations 01 Germany has a long tradition in terminology science and terminology management, influenced by researchers from Austria and the Nordic countries. This article starts with the beginnings of this historical evolution, shows the influence of Eugen Wüster, and gives insights about the beginnings of terminology standardisation. Furthermore, scientific and professional activities in the field of terminological research, teaching, projects and tools development are described, from the very active 1980s until today. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.23val 488 507 20 Chapter 30 1 A01 Kostas Valeontis Valeontis, Kostas Kostas Valeontis Hellenic Society for Terminology 2 A01 Panagiotis G. Krimpas Krimpas, Panagiotis G. Panagiotis G. Krimpas Democritus University of Thrace 3 A01 Katerina Toraki Toraki, Katerina Katerina Toraki Hellenic Society for Terminology 4 A01 Marianna Katsoyannou Katsoyannou, Marianna Marianna Katsoyannou University of Cyprus 5 A01 Mavina Pantazara Pantazara, Mavina Mavina Pantazara National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 6 A01 George Tsiamas Tsiamas, George George Tsiamas Hellenic Society for Terminology 7 A01 Afroditi Giovani Giovani, Afroditi Afroditi Giovani Hellenic Society for Terminology 8 A01 Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Anastassiadis-Syméonidis, Anna Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 20 Greek terminology bodies 20 terminology conferences 20 terminology standardisation 20 terminology work 01 Greek contributions to terminology date back to Plato and Aristotle. In the 20th century, various initiatives were undertaken to collect, record and describe the concepts of different subject fields in the sciences and the humanities. The chapter presents selected aspects of the systematic development of terminology science and terminology work in Greece, especially during the last five decades. Standardisation activities by terminology-relevant bodies and working groups are presented, as well as examples of relevant academic and research activities. Finally, a brief overview of the main theoretical considerations and methodological issues is also provided. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.24for 508 529 22 Chapter 31 1 A01 Ágota Fóris Fóris, Ágota Ágota Fóris Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary 20 Hungarian terminology 20 language reform 20 language standardisation and codification 20 principles of terminology 20 specialised terminology 01 This chapter describes historical events and figures that impacted the evolution of terminology in 20th century Hungary. There have been several periods in Hungary when terminological activities were intertwined with linguistics, and the study of specialised vocabulary and the formation of terminology in the Hungarian language were treated as a prominent professional and scientific field. One such period was during the Hungarian Language Reform in the 18th and 19th centuries, when the renewal of terminology was successfully achieved; I briefly outline the most important historical, political, social and linguistic milestones of this period. The central part of the chapter covers the history of Hungarian terminology in the 20th century and is divided into four parts: the first two decades of the 20th century (1900–1920), the period after the First World War (1920–1945), the period after the Second World War (1945–1989), and the decade after the regime change (1989–2000). The chapter ends with a discussion of trends in 21st century Hungary. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.25sam 530 550 21 Chapter 32 1 A01 Jerome Samuel Samuel, Jerome Jerome Samuel Institut de Recherche sur l’Asie du Sud-Est Contemporaine 20 dictionaries 20 Indonesia 20 Indonesian 20 language policy 20 Malay 20 neology 01 This chapter examines terminology in standard Indonesian — a variant of Malay which is Indonesia’s national language. After an introduction on the early developments of terminology in the Malay-speaking world before and during the colonial era, it delves into the terminological policies, including cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia, whose national languages are closely related. It examines the principles and methods adopted by the Indonesian language agencies, and then presents a selection of terms and their formation processes, which reveal an essentially translational terminology. It then attempts to evaluate the outcomes in implementing official terminologies, and in reducing terminology dispersion. The last part focuses on the terminological resources produced in Indonesia. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.26gri 551 563 13 Chapter 33 1 A01 Claudio Grimaldi Grimaldi, Claudio Claudio Grimaldi Parthenope University of Naples 20 Italian Association for Terminology 20 Italian linguistics 20 Italy 20 LSPs 20 specialised languages 01 This contribution aims to trace a profile of the recent history of Italian research on terminology, taking into consideration the most relevant studies on the subject conducted in the field of Italian linguistics. In the first part, we will frame the most important works in LSPs in this area. The second part focuses on the role of the Italian Association for Terminology (Ass.I.Term) and other research institutions in recognising Italy’s need for a systematic reflection on terminology, from both a theoretical and practical point of view. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.27mic 564 577 14 Chapter 34 1 A01 Nikolche Mickoski Mickoski, Nikolche Nikolche Mickoski Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts 20 Dictionary of Macedonian language 20 Koneski 20 Macedonian 20 Macedonian lexicon 20 Macedonian terminology 20 temporary terminology 20 terminological bulletins 20 terminological dictionaries 01 This chapter provides an overview of the development of Macedonian terminology after the codification of the Macedonian language and the initial efforts for drafting specialised terminology. It sheds light on the participation of Macedonian linguists in collaborative terminology projects in the former Yugoslavia and the International Committee of Slavists. It elaborates on the importance of the <i>Dictionary of Macedonian Language,</i> which laid the groundwork for future lexicographic and terminographic projects. The chapter provides a detailed overview of the theoretical foundations of the Macedonian Scientific and Professional Terminology project which led to the publication of draft terminology in terminological bulletins and terminological dictionaries. Blazhe Koneski is the most significant scholar who contributed both theoretically and practically to the development of Macedonian terminology. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.28lev 578 601 24 Chapter 35 1 A01 Jana Levická Levická, Jana Jana Levická Slovak Academy of Sciences 2 A01 Miroslav Zumrík Zumrík, Miroslav Miroslav Zumrík Slovak Academy of Sciences 20 codification 20 Czech language 20 Czechoslovakia 20 language contacts 20 lesser used languages 20 philosophy of language 20 principles of terminological work 20 Slovak language 20 standard language 01 This chapter aims to portray the development of Slovak terminology in the 20th century with respect to the long historical coexistence of the Slovak and Czech nations, their culture and languages. Throughout the century, the Slovak and Czech languages were in a dynamic relationship where more than one tendency as well as several historical and paradigmatic shifts occurred. This fact raises the question of what factors are at play and what strategies are at hand when terminologies of different languages are being unified in a common state. The chapter seeks to answer at least some of these questions by drawing a historical picture, presenting terminological case studies and introducing several philosophical concepts. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.29alb 602 629 28 Chapter 36 1 A01 Marietta Alberts Alberts, Marietta Marietta Alberts Pan-South African Language Board 20 community-oriented terminography 20 human language technologies 20 language planning-oriented terminography 20 language policy 20 standardisation 20 subject-oriented terminography 20 terminology development 20 terminology management 20 terminology policy 20 translation-oriented terminography 01 South Africa has twelve official languages: Afrikaans, English, the nine Sintu languages and South African Sign Language. Terminology plays a pivotal role in functional language development and the promotion of multi­lingualism in South Africa. The focus in this chapter is on the institutional dimension of terminology development in all official languages. This chapter also gives attention to language policies and consequential terminology policies in terms of subject-oriented terminography, translation-oriented terminography, language planning-oriented termino­graphy, and finally linguistic community-oriented terminography. Various collaborating bodies assist the national terminology office with terminology development. Also discussed are approaches to training on terminological practices and principles, as well as the influence of human language technologies on terminology development. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.30de 630 643 14 Chapter 37 1 A01 Bruno de Bessé Bessé, Bruno de Bruno de Bessé University of Geneva 2 A01 Aurélie Picton Picton, Aurélie Aurélie Picton University of Geneva 3 A01 Donatella Pulitano Pulitano, Donatella Donatella Pulitano University of Geneva 20 academic and professional interactions 20 pedagogy 20 Switzerland 20 terminography 20 terminology professionals 20 terminology research 01 This chapter presents the history of terminology in Switzerland, from the early 1980s to present day. It recounts the birth of the profession in this context and the simultaneous creation of the Terminology programme at the University of Geneva: indeed, the history of terminology in Switzerland goes hand in hand with the history of the Faculty of Translation and Interpretation of the University of Geneva, thus allowing for a symbiotic and privileged relationship with Swiss institutions. Reflections are also shared about the profession, its ties with training, and developments in research. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.31pry 644 661 18 Chapter 38 1 A01 Delyth Prys Prys, Delyth Delyth Prys Bangor University 2 A01 Tegau Andrews Andrews, Tegau Tegau Andrews Bangor University 3 A01 Gruffudd Prys Prys, Gruffudd Gruffudd Prys Bangor University 20 bilingual policies 20 domain expansion 20 educational use 20 endangered languages 20 terminology standardisation 20 Wales 20 Welsh language 01 The Welsh experience deals with developing terminology standards and guidelines in a minoritised language environment. Attempts to provide modern technical terminology for the Welsh language began as a voluntary, amateur activity without official backing, as part of an ambitious plan of domain gain, preparing for increased use of Welsh in education, public administration, law, health, etc. These domain gains have been increasingly realised, especially since the publication of various Welsh language acts and the establishment of the Welsh devolved government in 1998. The expansion of Welsh-medium education has been central to the development of Welsh terminology. The particular challenges of the Welsh language are explored, as are concept-based methodologies to develop Welsh more generally as a modern, flexible language for the 21st century. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.bio 662 673 12 Chapter 39 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.index 675 678 4 Index 40 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20250523 2025 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027220295 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 20 01 00 130.00 EUR R 01 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 169.00 USD S 558030501 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code TLRP 24 Hb 15 9789027220295 13 2025007549 BB 01 TLRP 02 1388-8455 Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice 24 01 tlrp.24 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/tlrp.24 1 B01 Kara Warburton Warburton, Kara Kara Warburton Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières | Termologic 2 B01 John Humbley Humbley, John John Humbley Université Paris Cité 01 eng 688 ix 678 LAN009000 v.2006 CFM 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HOL History of linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme TERM.LEX Lexicography 24 JB Subject Scheme TERM.TERM Terminology 06 01 <i>Terminology throughout History: A discipline in the making</i> is a collection of individual contributions by leading terminology scholars from around the globe who describe historical developments of terminology as a discipline and a field of practice. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive written record of the history of terminology as it evolves from a set of practices to a discipline in its own right. Terminology has witnessed considerable theoretical and methodological developments in recent decades. These changes need to be understood within the context of their historical foundations. The book has three main focus areas. The first examines the prehistory of terminology, going back to the Ancient World, leading to the second, where the pioneers of modern terminology, Eugen Wüster in particular, are placed in their historical context. The final section is an account of how terminology developed in some twenty countries and language communities. 05 It provides a broad spectrum of interesting and relevant pieces of information in pursuing the aim [of tracing the establishment of terminology as a discipline, as formulated in the introduction]. Pius ten Hacken, University of Innsbruck, on Linguist List 37.1479 (17 April 2026). 05 Very rich and very pertinent, presenting numerous perspectives on terminology that have been less well investigated to date, and offering a level of detail that goes beyond many existing accounts. The language quality is consistently high, and the content in each chapter is well documented. The volume will be an asset to the collection of any library at a university with programs in terminology, lexicography, translation, language for special purposes, or historical linguistics, where it is certain to become a valued resource for graduate students and researchers in these fields. I applaud the editors and authors for this service to the terminology community, and I encourage anyone with an interest in terminology — past, present, or future — to check out the volume. Who knows… you may even find an Easter egg of your own hidden within the pages of this wide-ranging collection! Lynne Bowker, Université Laval in Terminology 32:1 (2026). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/tlrp.24.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027220295.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027220295.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/tlrp.24.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/tlrp.24.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/tlrp.24.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/tlrp.24.hb.png 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages 1 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.toc v viii 4 Table of contents 2 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.ack ix x 2 Acknowledgments 3 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.intro 1 24 24 Chapter 4 1 A01 John Humbley Humbley, John John Humbley 2 A01 Kara Warburton Warburton, Kara Kara Warburton 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.p01 Section header 5 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.01fru 26 47 22 Chapter 6 1 A01 Michele Fruyt Fruyt, Michele Michele Fruyt Sorbonne Université 20 approximate terminologies 20 aquatic animals 20 astronomy 20 biunivocal terminologies 20 Christian vocabulary 20 geology 20 Latin 20 natural categories 20 nomenclatures 20 scientific denominations 01 Latin offers a wide range of terminology types, from the most unambiguous, which are true nomenclatures (for institutions), to the most vague or approximate (for natural categories), with intermediate zones where different types cohabit in the same lexicon (as in Christian vocabulary). The degree of imprecision of the terminologies is related to the nature of the extralinguistic domain denoted and to its degree of remoteness from human beings, depending whether it is man-made or belongs to nature. The various types of terminologies documented in Latin are not specific to Latin; they are still attested nowadays in various languages. The terminologies of natural categories, however imprecise, have nevertheless been re-used since the 18th century in the binomial nomenclatures of modern sciences such as zoology created by the Swedish scientist Linnaeus. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.02duc 48 65 18 Chapter 7 1 A01 Joëlle Ducos Ducos, Joëlle Joëlle Ducos Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL 2 A01 Michèle Goyens Goyens, Michèle Michèle Goyens KU Leuven 3 A01 Inge Fourneau Fourneau, Inge Inge Fourneau KU Leuven 4 A01 Fleur Vigneron Vigneron, Fleur Fleur Vigneron Université Grenoble Alpes 20 botany 20 Latin 20 medicine 20 Medieval French 20 vernacular language 01 The Middle Ages were characterised by the emergence of European vernacular languages, which took their place beside Latin, hitherto the language of science practised by learned clerics and academics. Latin terminology was at the same time constituted by the integration of Greco-Latin and Arabic learning. This type of situation, where knowledge was often conveyed by translated and commented texts, paved the way for the creation of neologisms and linguistic innovations, in Latin as well as in the vernacular. This chapter examines the way terminologies and specialised lexical usages originated and developed, the social circles and the domains which promoted this expansion and the different coining and lexicalisation processes involved, focusing especially on French-speaking countries. After a general presentation of the medieval situation, two scientific domains will be analysed by way of example. The first is medicine, which gave rise to numerous Latin and French texts, and the second is botany, situated at the crossroads of common language and specialised uses. The medieval period is thus revealed as a veritable terminological laboratory, a time of linguistic experimentation serving the dissemination of science. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.03zan 66 82 17 Chapter 8 1 A01 Maria Teresa Zanola Zanola, Maria Teresa Maria Teresa Zanola Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore 20 encyclopaedism 20 Enlightenment 20 knowledge transfer 20 specialised lexicography 20 specialised lexicon 01 What is nowadays referred to with the word <i>terminology</i> owes much to the European tradition of lexicographical coding and linguistic-scientific investigation that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. Such research was carried out through the ‘term’ and ‘nomenclature’ paradigm, along with the neological and communicative requirements of sciences, arts, and crafts. This chapter illustrates the depth of the investigation which highlighted the characteristics of terminology as well as its linguistic and cultural value and aimed to attain communicative mediation between language and specialised knowledge throughout these centuries. <br />Advancements in encyclopaedism and the birth of new scientific languages triggered a conceptual shift from <i>nomenclature</i> to <i>terminology</i>: therefore, the spheres of knowledge where the concept of terminology was conceived will be explored. This interdisciplinary space where language and technical and scientific knowledge were at play, where new concepts took shape and opportunities for their communication grew, is examined here with a focus on the following areas: the problems surrounding nomen­clature and the classification of scientific and technical lexicons; the production of technical and specialised dictionaries during the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century; the debate on terminology in scientific works of the time; and the contribution of the new chemistry of Lavoisier and Guyton de Morveau to the development of terminology systematisation. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.04rag 83 104 22 Chapter 9 1 A01 Beatrice Ragazzini Ragazzini, Beatrice Beatrice Ragazzini University of Bologna 20 19th century 20 cloud classification 20 diachronic terminology 20 nomenclatures 20 scientific language 20 scientific progress 20 standardisation 20 term formation 20 term variation 20 terminology theory 01 This chapter describes terminological processes within the development of 19th century scientific knowledge. Taking the classification of cloud forms as an example, three terminological processes are analysed as they apply to the formation of 19th century scientific language i.e., term formation, term variation, and standardisation. These processes are presented through original quotations from primary sources and examined from the perspective of modern terminology theory. The formation of the nomenclature of clouds is set in the broader historical context of the 19th century construction of scientific disciplines and knowledge systematisation. The contribution of these processes to the progress of knowledge is discussed, as is the relevance of a diachronic perspective in the study of terminology. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.05sta 105 116 12 Chapter 10 1 A01 Claudia Stancati Stancati, Claudia Claudia Stancati University of Calabria 20 epistemology 20 ethics 20 philosophy 20 sign 01 Contemporary terminology emerged between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, a development made manifest in the growing number of international conferences. This movement toward standardisation and internationalisation of sciences and technologies also involved the humanities and philosophical disciplines. The theories and ethics of terminology are all aspects of this movement in which Charles Sanders Peirce, starting from his semiotic perspective, was a major protagonist. Peirce was a prolific coiner of philosophical neologisms, an active collaborator on general and specialised dictionaries, and he considered the conscious and precise use of technical language as a matter of capital importance for the sciences in general and for philosophy in particular, one of the pivots of the work of every scientific community. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.06van 117 145 29 Chapter 11 1 A01 Marc Van Campenhoudt Van Campenhoudt, Marc Marc Van Campenhoudt Université libre de Bruxelles 20 dictionaries 20 equivalence 20 marine 20 ontology 20 semantic network 20 terminography 01 <i>From Keel to Truck</i> is a vast trilingual (English, French, German) dictionary that was highly successful in the late 19th century. To complete the work, author Heinrich Paasch builds on a long tradition of marine dictionaries and develops an original terminographical method which would foreshadow 20th-century theory for the discipline of terminology. His highly structured book prefigures terminological knowledge bases: a monosemic approach, reliance on semantic relationships, and close attention to divergences between languages. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.p02 Section header 12 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.07leo 148 166 19 Chapter 13 1 A01 Natascia Leonardi Leonardi, Natascia Natascia Leonardi University of Macerata 20 artificial language 20 conceptual framework 20 Esperanto 20 knowledge formalisation 20 specialised language 01 Eugen Wüster, the founder of terminology science, is considered in this study as part of a long tradition of interventions in natural languages aiming at improving their representative and communicative efficiency. From the invention of artificial language systems (in 17th century Europe), through language planning (from the 19th century onwards) this tradition continues in contemporary formalised models developed in Natural Language Processing that are at the basis of Artificial Intelligence applications. International artificial/auxiliary languages are recognised to have a key role in the birth of terminology as a scientific discipline. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.08tro 167 189 23 Chapter 14 1 A01 Mitja Trojar Trojar, Mitja Mitja Trojar Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts 20 Esperanto 20 Eugen Wüster 20 General Theory of Terminology 20 technical languages 20 Vienna School of Terminology 01 The chapter analyses some of Wüster’s fundamental texts in order to faithfully document his ideas about language and terminology, language and technical languages, the relation between general language and technical languages and his understanding of concepts. By analysing and commenting on quotations from Wüster’s major works, it explores certain social, historical and other factors that determined Wüster’s thinking about languages and focuses on how Wüster used metaphors to construct his theory of terminology. The chapter also investigates the cornerstone notion of Wüster’s theory: the <i>concept</i>. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.09kov 190 210 21 Chapter 15 1 A01 Dominika Kováríková Kováríková, Dominika Dominika Kováríková Charles University 20 functional and structural linguistics 20 Prague Linguistic Circle 20 Prague Terminology School 20 terminography 20 terminology 01 This chapter explores the theoretical development of Czech terminology, particularly through the influence of the Prague Linguistic Circle (PLC), which has shaped Czech linguistic thought since its establishment in 1926. The PLC’s emphasis on functional and structural linguistics has significantly contributed to the development of Czech terminological theory, leading to a distinctive focus on the linguistic dimension of terminology. While external factors such as the building of national identity, political shifts and more recent trends like globalization and technological advancement have also played important roles, the core developments have been driven by linguistic innovation. The chapter traces this evolution from the 19th century to the present day. Key to this development is the perception of the term not merely as a unit of knowledge but as a lexical item within a structured language system. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.10hum 211 232 22 Chapter 16 1 A01 Tatiana Orel Orel, Tatiana Tatiana Orel University of Ottawa 20 cognitive terminology 20 cognitive-communicative terminology science 20 cognitive-onomasiological modeling 20 Russian terminology school 20 terminology science 20 theory of nomination 01 This chapter describes four periods of terminology science development in the Soviet Union and Russia from the beginning of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. It includes the description of major orien­tations and methodologies of the Soviet/Russian terminology school and analyses the work of the most prominent scholars who influenced the advancement of this science. We also present the state-​of-​the-​art of cognitive-​communicative terminology with the implementation of cognitive-onomasiological modeling reflecting the achievements of traditional terminology science and cognitive linguistics. This chapter also traces the evolution of Soviet/Russian terminology science and the transformation of its research landscape which resulted in the cognitive-​communicative paradigm that has produced the interplay of methodologies for developing ontological systems based on cognition, communication, and anthropocentrism. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.11con 233 251 19 Chapter 17 1 A01 Anne Condamines Condamines, Anne Anne Condamines University of Toulouse Jean-Jaurès 2 A01 Valérie Delavigne Delavigne, Valérie Valérie Delavigne Sorbonne Nouvelle University 3 A01 François Gaudin Gaudin, François François Gaudin University of Rouen 4 A01 Aurélie Picton Picton, Aurélie Aurélie Picton University of Geneva 20 applied linguistics 20 corpora 20 Socioterminology 20 specialised discourse 20 Textual terminology 01 This chapter describes a part of the history of terminology, through the narrative of the emergence of two schools of thought in France: Socioterminology and Textual terminology. The authors of this chapter make no claim to represent French terminology <i>per se</i>. They seek to reflect on how terminology as a discipline has evolved in France. After contextualising the birth of these two theoretical approaches, the authors discuss their similarities and differences. This “comparative profile” highlights the proximity of the theoretical and methodological positions of Socioterminology and Textual terminology. The last section summarises these positions and offers reflections on the future of these two approaches, as well as on the future of terminology itself as a discipline. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.12fra 252 285 34 Chapter 18 1 A01 Aline Francœur Francœur, Aline Aline Francœur Université Laval 20 bijuralism 20 common law 20 English 20 French 20 language planning 20 legal terminology 20 Office québécois de la langue française 20 Quebec francisation campaign 20 translation 20 Translation Bureau 01 This chapter delineates the emergence of terminology activities in Canada in the early 1900s, and goes on to cover the major turning points in the development of the discipline and profession up to the end of the 1980s. It shows how terminology became a key tool in carrying out Canada’s official bilingualism policy, providing the French terms needed to translate increasingly specialised texts from English to French. It also illustrates the pivotal role terminology played in the extensive campaign led by the Quebec government in the 1970s and 1980s to make French the official language of business, administration, and commerce in the province of Quebec. Lastly, it touches on the francisation of the common law vocabulary, another milestone in the history of terminology in Canada. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.13alc 286 304 19 Chapter 19 1 A01 Amparo Alcina Alcina, Amparo Amparo Alcina Universitat Jaume I 20 communicative theory of terminology 20 frame-based terminology 20 specialised translation 20 terminology 01 This chapter explores the evolution of terminology in Spain, tracing its journey from early stages to contemporary practices. Key institutions, influential figures, and foundational theoretical frameworks that have shaped the discipline are examined. The role of the Real Academia Española and other scientific institutions in standardising terminology is highlighted. The contributions of scholars such as Amelia de Irazazábal and the impact of political and cultural changes on terminology development are analysed. <br />The chapter delves into key theoretical perspectives, including Teresa Cabré’s Communicative Theory of Terminology and Pamela Faber’s Frame-based Terminology. These theories offer valuable insights into the cognitive and communicative aspects of terminology. Finally, the chapter emphasises the growth and diversification of terminology research in Spain, with the establishment of new research groups and the integration of terminology into various academic and professional fields. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.14poz 305 326 22 Chapter 20 1 A01 María Pozzi Pozzi, María María Pozzi El Colegio de México 20 applied terminology 20 international cooperation in terminology 20 terminography 20 terminology in Mexico 20 terminotics 20 theoretical terminology 01 This chapter recounts how modern systematic terminology has evolved in Mexico. It highlights three events that mark its beginnings: the project of the <i>Dictionary of Mexican Spanish</i> and how it dealt with terms, the first terminology courses and terminography projects, and the agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and El Colegio de México regarding Eurodicautom and Mexican-Spanish terminology. It then accounts for the expansion of terminology by means of the proliferation of courses, and a growing number of researchers and their contributions. Next, it describes the role of Mexico in international organisations and terminology networks. Finally, it analyses the challenges faced by Mexican terminologists and how the future may be envisaged. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.15wei 327 364 38 Chapter 21 1 A01 Lise Lotte Weilgaard Christensen Weilgaard Christensen, Lise Lotte Lise Lotte Weilgaard Christensen University of Southern Denmark 2 A01 Hanne Erdman Thomsen Erdman Thomsen, Hanne Hanne Erdman Thomsen Copenhagen Business School 3 A01 Bodil Nistrup Madsen Madsen, Bodil Nistrup Bodil Nistrup Madsen Copenhagen Business School 4 A01 Anna-Lena Bucher Bucher, Anna-Lena Anna-Lena Bucher The Swedish Association for Terminology 5 A01 Henrik Nilsson Nilsson, Henrik Henrik Nilsson The Swedish Centre for Terminology TNC 6 A01 Claudia Dobrina Dobrina, Claudia Claudia Dobrina The Swedish Association for Terminology 7 A01 Håvard Hjulstad Hjulstad, Håvard Håvard Hjulstad Standards Norway 8 A01 Åsa Holmér Holmér, Åsa Åsa Holmér The Institute for Language and Folklore 9 A01 Johan Myking Myking, Johan Johan Myking University of Bergen 10 A01 Anita Nuopponen Nuopponen, Anita Anita Nuopponen University of Vaasa 11 A01 Sirpa Suhonen Suhonen, Sirpa Sirpa Suhonen The Finnish Terminology Centre 12 A01 Anu Ylisalmi Ylisalmi, Anu Anu Ylisalmi The Finnish Terminology Centre 13 A01 Ágústa Þorbergsdóttir Þorbergsdóttir, Ágústa Ágústa Þorbergsdóttir The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies 20 concept system 20 formalisation 20 Nordic terminology co-operation 20 term bank 20 terminological data categories 20 terminological format 20 terminological management tool 20 terminology centre 20 terminology research 20 terminology training and teaching 20 terminology work 01 This chapter analyses and discusses the coherence of Nordic terminology co-operation. The hub of this co-operation is the Nordterm network initiated in 1976. Over the years, a bridge has been built from Nordterm to each country and vice versa. We describe the development of Nordterm and the history of terminology organisations in each of the Nordic countries, and outline the research activities and the development of methodologies as well as the teaching and training activities carried out in the Nordic countries. Nordic term banks and terminology portals as well as contri­butions to the international terminology community are described. We also explain how the conditions for terminology work in the region have changed. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.16auk 365 388 24 Chapter 22 1 A01 Albina Auksoriute Auksoriute, Albina Albina Auksoriute Institute of the Lithuanian Language 20 Lithuanian terminology 20 terminography 20 terminology commissions 20 terminology management 20 terminology research 01 The evolution of Lithuanian terminology is examined in three phases: (1) the period of independent Lithuania (1918–1940), (2) the years of the occupation of Lithuania (1940–1990), and (3) the years following the restoration of Lithuania’s independence (1990–2020). An analysis of Lithuanian terminology management is presented, starting with a discussion of the terminology commissions, followed by a brief presentation of the resources available for the development of Lithuanian terminology. The discussion of terminology research in Lithuania focuses on the terminology theory published by the philosopher Stasys Šalkauskis and on the work of other terminologists. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.17gal 389 408 20 Chapter 23 1 A01 Christian Galinski Galinski, Christian Christian Galinski Infoterm 20 harmonisation 20 Infoterm 20 standardisation 20 standards developing organisation (SDO) 20 technical standardisation 20 terminological data 20 terminological principles and methods 20 terminology management 20 terminology science 20 terminology work 20 unification 01 The need for terminology unification and harmonisation grew significantly after the European Renaissance, and even more so during the industrial revolutions. Formal standardisation of terminologies began around 1900, efforts to standardise the methods of terminology standardisation in the mid-1930s. Today, there are standards for many aspects of terminology science and its manifold applications encompassing terminology theory and methodology, terminological activities and infrastructures, terminology management software and tools, terminological data, etc. After World War II, developments in the area of terminology standardisation accelerated with new facets and in a growing number of domains and subjects. Infoterm played a significant role in these developments with the result that standardisation has probably become the largest field of cooperation in terminology at international, regional, and national levels. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.18dik 409 421 13 Chapter 24 1 A01 Marcel Diki-Kidiri Diki-Kidiri, Marcel Marcel Diki-Kidiri African Academy of Languages (ACALAN) 20 African languages 20 appropriation of knowledge 20 concept 20 Cultural Terminology 20 percept 20 signifier 20 terminological diversity 01 Until the 1980s, African linguistics was dominated by descriptive and comparative linguistics. Linguists strongly refrained from intervening in African languages and modifying them in any way so as not to distort linguistic authenticity. However, when some languages attained national or official status and were used in adult literacy, applied linguistics were developed by dedicated institutions throughout Africa. Supported by international organisations and collaborative networks, these institutions produced thematic lexicons in African languages. Some Africanist linguists directed their research toward linguistics for development, paying special attention to speakers’ needs. Finally, through workshops organised at the laboratory Langage, Langues et Cultures d’Afrique Noire (LLACAN) in the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris, Marcel Diki-Kidiri developed the theory of Cultural Terminology, various aspects of which have been presented and acknowledged in several international conferences. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.p03 423 1 Section header 25 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.19aff 424 442 19 Chapter 26 1 A01 Andrée Affeich Affeich, Andrée Andrée Affeich Lebanese American University 2 A01 Rima Baraké Baraké, Rima Rima Baraké Lebanese University 20 Arabic 20 Arabisation 20 sciences 20 technologies 20 translation 01 This chapter traces the history of modern Arabic terminology. It begins with the 19th century, when translation contributed to the creation of terminology in different fields. Two countries emerged as the main catalysts: Egypt and Syria. Moving on to the 20th century and onwards, the chapter focuses on activities related to terminology within several organisations and academies. These activities were the fruit of promising projects of Arabisation and contributed to the creation and dissemination of terms. Nevertheless, each academy and institution had its own terminology, which resulted in a proliferation of synonyms. This factor, coupled with others highlighted in this chapter, is likely to have negatively affected the status of modern Arabic terminology. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.20fot 443 459 17 Chapter 27 1 A01 Annamaria Fotos Fotos, Annamaria Annamaria Fotos European Commission 2 A01 John Kirby Kirby, John John Kirby European Commission 3 A01 Riitta Majaniemi Majaniemi, Riitta Riitta Majaniemi European Commission 20 European Union 20 interinstitutional cooperation 20 multilingual communication 20 public sector information 20 standardisation 20 terminology database 20 terminology management 20 translation support 01 This chapter describes the history and development of IATE, the EU’s terminology database, from 1998 to the present day, listing some of the challenges faced in both its creation and its constant improvement, and the solutions found. It takes us from its conception, through its complete redevelopment, to today’s state-of-the-art terminology database. As a database owned by the European institutions and driven by the needs of translators working on EU documents and legislation, IATE has benefitted from extensive interinstitutional cooperation, and its development has been aided by considerable input from translators and other end users. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.21can 460 475 16 Chapter 28 1 A01 Danielle Candel Candel, Danielle Danielle Candel Université Paris-Cité 20 definitions 20 description 20 domains 20 enrichment process 20 lexicography 20 neologism 20 official terminology 20 prescription 20 terminology 01 This chapter deals with the history, theories and practices of official terminology in France. The establishment of official French terminology, including neology, was initiated in the 19th century in France but was formalised and intensified in recent decades. Terminological activity in France, which also makes use of work done in other areas of the Francophonie, such as Quebec, carefully organised for over fifty years, involves about twenty committees. They operate on the basis of accumulated experience in a wide range of domains (science, technology, industry, economy, culture). The aim is to show how terminology work fits in with lexicographical activities, establishes links with the official terminology framework and to describe its historical evolution. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.22sch 476 487 12 Chapter 29 1 A01 Klaus-Dirk Schmitz Schmitz, Klaus-Dirk Klaus-Dirk Schmitz University of Applied Sciences, Cologne 20 termbases 20 terminology projects 20 terminology science 20 terminology standardisation 20 terminology-related associations 01 Germany has a long tradition in terminology science and terminology management, influenced by researchers from Austria and the Nordic countries. This article starts with the beginnings of this historical evolution, shows the influence of Eugen Wüster, and gives insights about the beginnings of terminology standardisation. Furthermore, scientific and professional activities in the field of terminological research, teaching, projects and tools development are described, from the very active 1980s until today. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.23val 488 507 20 Chapter 30 1 A01 Kostas Valeontis Valeontis, Kostas Kostas Valeontis Hellenic Society for Terminology 2 A01 Panagiotis G. Krimpas Krimpas, Panagiotis G. Panagiotis G. Krimpas Democritus University of Thrace 3 A01 Katerina Toraki Toraki, Katerina Katerina Toraki Hellenic Society for Terminology 4 A01 Marianna Katsoyannou Katsoyannou, Marianna Marianna Katsoyannou University of Cyprus 5 A01 Mavina Pantazara Pantazara, Mavina Mavina Pantazara National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 6 A01 George Tsiamas Tsiamas, George George Tsiamas Hellenic Society for Terminology 7 A01 Afroditi Giovani Giovani, Afroditi Afroditi Giovani Hellenic Society for Terminology 8 A01 Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Anastassiadis-Syméonidis, Anna Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 20 Greek terminology bodies 20 terminology conferences 20 terminology standardisation 20 terminology work 01 Greek contributions to terminology date back to Plato and Aristotle. In the 20th century, various initiatives were undertaken to collect, record and describe the concepts of different subject fields in the sciences and the humanities. The chapter presents selected aspects of the systematic development of terminology science and terminology work in Greece, especially during the last five decades. Standardisation activities by terminology-relevant bodies and working groups are presented, as well as examples of relevant academic and research activities. Finally, a brief overview of the main theoretical considerations and methodological issues is also provided. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.24for 508 529 22 Chapter 31 1 A01 Ágota Fóris Fóris, Ágota Ágota Fóris Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary 20 Hungarian terminology 20 language reform 20 language standardisation and codification 20 principles of terminology 20 specialised terminology 01 This chapter describes historical events and figures that impacted the evolution of terminology in 20th century Hungary. There have been several periods in Hungary when terminological activities were intertwined with linguistics, and the study of specialised vocabulary and the formation of terminology in the Hungarian language were treated as a prominent professional and scientific field. One such period was during the Hungarian Language Reform in the 18th and 19th centuries, when the renewal of terminology was successfully achieved; I briefly outline the most important historical, political, social and linguistic milestones of this period. The central part of the chapter covers the history of Hungarian terminology in the 20th century and is divided into four parts: the first two decades of the 20th century (1900–1920), the period after the First World War (1920–1945), the period after the Second World War (1945–1989), and the decade after the regime change (1989–2000). The chapter ends with a discussion of trends in 21st century Hungary. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.25sam 530 550 21 Chapter 32 1 A01 Jerome Samuel Samuel, Jerome Jerome Samuel Institut de Recherche sur l’Asie du Sud-Est Contemporaine 20 dictionaries 20 Indonesia 20 Indonesian 20 language policy 20 Malay 20 neology 01 This chapter examines terminology in standard Indonesian — a variant of Malay which is Indonesia’s national language. After an introduction on the early developments of terminology in the Malay-speaking world before and during the colonial era, it delves into the terminological policies, including cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia, whose national languages are closely related. It examines the principles and methods adopted by the Indonesian language agencies, and then presents a selection of terms and their formation processes, which reveal an essentially translational terminology. It then attempts to evaluate the outcomes in implementing official terminologies, and in reducing terminology dispersion. The last part focuses on the terminological resources produced in Indonesia. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.26gri 551 563 13 Chapter 33 1 A01 Claudio Grimaldi Grimaldi, Claudio Claudio Grimaldi Parthenope University of Naples 20 Italian Association for Terminology 20 Italian linguistics 20 Italy 20 LSPs 20 specialised languages 01 This contribution aims to trace a profile of the recent history of Italian research on terminology, taking into consideration the most relevant studies on the subject conducted in the field of Italian linguistics. In the first part, we will frame the most important works in LSPs in this area. The second part focuses on the role of the Italian Association for Terminology (Ass.I.Term) and other research institutions in recognising Italy’s need for a systematic reflection on terminology, from both a theoretical and practical point of view. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.27mic 564 577 14 Chapter 34 1 A01 Nikolche Mickoski Mickoski, Nikolche Nikolche Mickoski Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts 20 Dictionary of Macedonian language 20 Koneski 20 Macedonian 20 Macedonian lexicon 20 Macedonian terminology 20 temporary terminology 20 terminological bulletins 20 terminological dictionaries 01 This chapter provides an overview of the development of Macedonian terminology after the codification of the Macedonian language and the initial efforts for drafting specialised terminology. It sheds light on the participation of Macedonian linguists in collaborative terminology projects in the former Yugoslavia and the International Committee of Slavists. It elaborates on the importance of the <i>Dictionary of Macedonian Language,</i> which laid the groundwork for future lexicographic and terminographic projects. The chapter provides a detailed overview of the theoretical foundations of the Macedonian Scientific and Professional Terminology project which led to the publication of draft terminology in terminological bulletins and terminological dictionaries. Blazhe Koneski is the most significant scholar who contributed both theoretically and practically to the development of Macedonian terminology. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.28lev 578 601 24 Chapter 35 1 A01 Jana Levická Levická, Jana Jana Levická Slovak Academy of Sciences 2 A01 Miroslav Zumrík Zumrík, Miroslav Miroslav Zumrík Slovak Academy of Sciences 20 codification 20 Czech language 20 Czechoslovakia 20 language contacts 20 lesser used languages 20 philosophy of language 20 principles of terminological work 20 Slovak language 20 standard language 01 This chapter aims to portray the development of Slovak terminology in the 20th century with respect to the long historical coexistence of the Slovak and Czech nations, their culture and languages. Throughout the century, the Slovak and Czech languages were in a dynamic relationship where more than one tendency as well as several historical and paradigmatic shifts occurred. This fact raises the question of what factors are at play and what strategies are at hand when terminologies of different languages are being unified in a common state. The chapter seeks to answer at least some of these questions by drawing a historical picture, presenting terminological case studies and introducing several philosophical concepts. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.29alb 602 629 28 Chapter 36 1 A01 Marietta Alberts Alberts, Marietta Marietta Alberts Pan-South African Language Board 20 community-oriented terminography 20 human language technologies 20 language planning-oriented terminography 20 language policy 20 standardisation 20 subject-oriented terminography 20 terminology development 20 terminology management 20 terminology policy 20 translation-oriented terminography 01 South Africa has twelve official languages: Afrikaans, English, the nine Sintu languages and South African Sign Language. Terminology plays a pivotal role in functional language development and the promotion of multi­lingualism in South Africa. The focus in this chapter is on the institutional dimension of terminology development in all official languages. This chapter also gives attention to language policies and consequential terminology policies in terms of subject-oriented terminography, translation-oriented terminography, language planning-oriented termino­graphy, and finally linguistic community-oriented terminography. Various collaborating bodies assist the national terminology office with terminology development. Also discussed are approaches to training on terminological practices and principles, as well as the influence of human language technologies on terminology development. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.30de 630 643 14 Chapter 37 1 A01 Bruno de Bessé Bessé, Bruno de Bruno de Bessé University of Geneva 2 A01 Aurélie Picton Picton, Aurélie Aurélie Picton University of Geneva 3 A01 Donatella Pulitano Pulitano, Donatella Donatella Pulitano University of Geneva 20 academic and professional interactions 20 pedagogy 20 Switzerland 20 terminography 20 terminology professionals 20 terminology research 01 This chapter presents the history of terminology in Switzerland, from the early 1980s to present day. It recounts the birth of the profession in this context and the simultaneous creation of the Terminology programme at the University of Geneva: indeed, the history of terminology in Switzerland goes hand in hand with the history of the Faculty of Translation and Interpretation of the University of Geneva, thus allowing for a symbiotic and privileged relationship with Swiss institutions. Reflections are also shared about the profession, its ties with training, and developments in research. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.31pry 644 661 18 Chapter 38 1 A01 Delyth Prys Prys, Delyth Delyth Prys Bangor University 2 A01 Tegau Andrews Andrews, Tegau Tegau Andrews Bangor University 3 A01 Gruffudd Prys Prys, Gruffudd Gruffudd Prys Bangor University 20 bilingual policies 20 domain expansion 20 educational use 20 endangered languages 20 terminology standardisation 20 Wales 20 Welsh language 01 The Welsh experience deals with developing terminology standards and guidelines in a minoritised language environment. Attempts to provide modern technical terminology for the Welsh language began as a voluntary, amateur activity without official backing, as part of an ambitious plan of domain gain, preparing for increased use of Welsh in education, public administration, law, health, etc. These domain gains have been increasingly realised, especially since the publication of various Welsh language acts and the establishment of the Welsh devolved government in 1998. The expansion of Welsh-medium education has been central to the development of Welsh terminology. The particular challenges of the Welsh language are explored, as are concept-based methodologies to develop Welsh more generally as a modern, flexible language for the 21st century. 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.bio 662 673 12 Chapter 39 10 01 JB code tlrp.24.index 675 678 4 Index 40 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20250523 2025 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 08 1345 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 20 17 10 01 02 JB 1 00 130.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 137.80 EUR R 01 JB 10 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 GB 20 10 02 02 JB 1 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 Casemate Academic 610-853-9131 610-853-9143 Girard.Kratz@casematepublishers.com 01 https://benjamins.com 02 US CA MX 20 2 10 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 169.00 USD