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302010666 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code TSL 105 Eb 15 9789027270757 06 10.1075/tsl.105 13 2013042658 DG 002 02 01 TSL 02 0167-7373 Typological Studies in Language 105 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Information Structure and Reference Tracking in Complex Sentences</TitleText> 01 tsl.105 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.105 1 B01 Rik van Gijn Gijn, Rik van Rik van Gijn University of Zurich 2 B01 Jeremy Hammond Hammond, Jeremy Jeremy Hammond Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 3 B01 Dejan Matić Matić, Dejan Dejan Matić Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 4 B01 Saskia van Putten Putten, Saskia van Saskia van Putten Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 5 B01 Ana Vilacy Galucio Vilacy Galucio, Ana Ana Vilacy Galucio Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-MCTI 01 eng 415 vi 409 LAN009000 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.TYP Typology 06 01 This volume is dedicated to exploring the crossroads where complex sentences and information management – more specifically information structure and reference tracking – come together. Complex sentences are a highly relevant but understudied domain for studying notions of IS and RT. On the one hand, a complex sentence can be studied as a mini-unit of discourse consisting of two or more elements describing events, situations, or processes, with its own internal information-structural and referential organization. On the other hand, complex sentences can be studied as parts of larger discourse structures, such as narratives or conversations, in terms of how their information-structural characteristics relate to this wider context. The book offers new perspectives for the study of the interaction between complex sentences and information management, and moreover adds typological breadth by focusing on lesser studied languages from several parts of the world. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/tsl.105.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027206862.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027206862.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/tsl.105.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/tsl.105.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/tsl.105.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/tsl.105.hb.png 10 01 JB code tsl.105.01mat 1 42 42 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Information structure and reference tracking in complex sentences</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An overview</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dejan Matić Matić, Dejan Dejan Matić Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 2 A01 Rik van Gijn Gijn, Rik van Rik van Gijn University of Zürich 3 A01 Robert D. Van Valin Jr. Van Valin Jr., Robert D. Robert D. Van Valin Jr. Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf & Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 01 This volume is dedicated to exploring the crossroads where complex sentences and information management &#8211; more specifically information structure (IS) and reference tracking (RT) &#8211; come together. Complex sentences are a highly relevant but understudied domain for studying notions of IS and RT. On the one hand, a complex sentence can be studied as a mini-unit of discourse consisting of two or more elements describing events, situations, or processes, with its own internal information-structural and referential organisation. On the other hand, complex sentences can be studied as parts of larger discourse structures, such as narratives or conversations, in terms of how their information-structural characteristics relate to this wider context.We first focus on the interrelatedness of IS and RT (Section 1) and then define and discuss the notion of complex sentences and their subtypes in Section 2. Section 3 surveys issues of IS in complex sentences, while Section 4 focuses on RT in complex sentences. Sections 5 and 6 briefly consider IS and RT in a wider discourse context. Section 5 discusses the interaction between IS, RT, and other discourse factors, and Section 6 focuses on ways in which a specific RT system, switch reference, can function as an RT device beyond the sentence. 10 01 JB code tsl.105.00sec1 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Information structure in complex sentences</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.02van 45 70 26 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subordinate clauses and exclusive focus in Makhuwa</TitleText> 1 A01 Jenneke van der Wal Wal, Jenneke van der Jenneke van der Wal University of Cambridge 01 In Makhuwa the element immediately after the conjoint verb form is interpreted as exclusive focus (Van der Wal 2011). This paper shows that the relation between the conjoint verb form and focus in Immediate After Verb (IAV) position holds not only for nouns and simple adverbs, but also for adverbial subordinate clauses with a relative or Situative verb, which are clearly focused when they follow a conjoint verb form. I propose that the reason that sentential complements do <i>not</i> receive a focus interpretation in the same position is due to the absence of internal information structure in the adverbial clauses. Hence, adverbial clauses but not complement clauses function as a single integrated informational unit in the information structure of the main clause. Keywords: Makhuwa; exclusive focus; subordinate clause; information structure 10 01 JB code tsl.105.03van 71 98 28 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Left dislocation and subordination in Avatime (Kwa)</TitleText> 1 A01 Saskia van Putten Putten, Saskia van Saskia van Putten Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 01 Left dislocation is characterized by a sentence-initial element which is crossreferenced in the remainder of the sentence, and often set off by an intonation break. Because of these properties, left dislocation has been analyzed as an extraclausal phenomenon. Whether or not left dislocation can occur within subordinate clauses has been a matter of debate in the literature, but has never been checked against corpus data. This paper presents data from Avatime, a Kwa (Niger-Congo) language spoken in Ghana, showing that left dislocation occurs within subordinate clauses in spontaneous discourse. This poses a problem for the extraclausal analysis of left dislocation. I show that this problem can best be solved by assuming that Avatime allows the embedding of units larger than a clause. Keywords: Avatime; left dislocation; subordinate clause; complement clause 10 01 JB code tsl.105.04kom 99 126 28 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chechen extraposition as an information ordering strategy</TitleText> 1 A01 Erwin R. Komen Komen, Erwin R. Erwin R. Komen Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen SIL-International 01 Relative clauses in Chechen normally precede their heads, but corpus research shows that about 2&#37; of them appear in an extraposed position. Scrutiny of these instances reveals that there is no link between extraposition of a relative clause and the pragmatic category (focus vs. topic) of the head. When it comes to restrictive relative clauses, which consist of two parts that only together allow for identification of the complex noun phrase&#8217;s referent, this study finds that the head can only occur in the focus position (immediately before the finite verb), and that it is often involved in contrast and comes with heightened emphasis. I interpret this as a result of the tension that is built-up due to the delay in identification. Keywords: Chechen; relative clause; extraposition; information structure 10 01 JB code tsl.105.05mat 127 162 36 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Questions and syntactic islands in Tundra Yukaghir</TitleText> 1 A01 Dejan Matić Matić, Dejan Dejan Matić Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 01 No island effects are observable in Tundra Yukaghir questions, which are possible in virtually all syntactic environments. It is argued that this feature of Tundra Yukaghir relates to its capability of explicitly marking focus domains. If a question word occurs in a syntactic island, the whole island is morphologically treated as a focus domain. In order to take scope and function as question markers, question words must remain within the focus domain, i.e. in the island clause. This syntactic configuration is reflected in the semantics of question islands, which are used to inquire about the identity of the whole island, not merely the denotation of the question word. Keywords: Tundra Yukaghir; content question; syntactic island; focus 10 01 JB code tsl.105.06sto 163 192 30 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Constituent order and information structure in Karitiana</TitleText> 1 A01 Luciana Storto Storto, Luciana Luciana Storto Departamento de Linguística, Universidade de São Paulo 01 This paper discusses the relationship between constituent order and information structure in main and subordinate clauses in Karitiana, based on data taken from dialogues and a narrative. We show that head-internal relative clauses display an obligatory movement of the head (pivot) to the left edge of the clause paired with a special verb prefix <i>ti</i>- when the extracted argument is the object whereas adverbial subordinates may vary in constituent order without any changes in morphology. A possible source for this object focus morphology is suggested: an object nominalization prefix limited to embedded clauses in Proto-Tupi may have given rise to object relative clauses in Karitiana and spread to clefts and main clause environments, grammaticalizing as an object focus marker. Keywords: Karitiana; constituent order; focus marker; relative clause; cleft 10 01 JB code tsl.105.07las 193 228 36 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Mood selection in the complement of negation matrices in Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Patxi Laskurain Ibarluzea Ibarluzea, Patxi Laskurain Patxi Laskurain Ibarluzea Illinois State University 01 Following Lambrecht&#8217;s (1994, 2001) theory of Information Structure and drawing a conceptual parallel with Mej&#237;as-Bikandi&#8217;s (1994, 1998) account of mood distribution in Spanish complements, this study analyzes mood selection in the complement of negation and doubt matrices in Spanish in terms of the informational value of the proposition expressed in these complements. The main conclusion is that the use of the subjunctive mood in the complements of negation and doubt matrices is not motivated because these complements express a proposition known to be <i>false</i>, as it has been traditionally claimed in the literature, but rather because these complements express a proposition treated as present in the consciousness of both speaker and audience at the time of utterance. Keywords: Spanish; mood; subjunctive; complements 10 01 JB code tsl.105.00sec2 Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Reference tracking in complex sentences</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.08ree 231 262 32 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Topic management and clause combination in the Papuan language Usan</TitleText> 1 A01 Ger P. Reesink Reesink, Ger P. Ger P. Reesink EPLC & MPI for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen 01 This chapter describes topic management in the Papuan language Usan. The notion of &#8216;topic&#8217; is defined by its pre-theoretical meaning &#8216;what someone&#8217;s speech is about&#8217;. This notion cannot be restricted to simple clausal or sentential constructions, but requires the wider context of long stretches of natural text. The tracking of a topic is examined in its relationship to clause combining mechanisms. Coordinating clause chaining with its switch reference mechanism is contrasted with subordinating strategies called &#8216;domain-creating&#8217; constructions. These different strategies are identified by language-specific signals, such as intonation and morphosyntactic cues like nominalizations and scope of negation and other modalities. Keywords: Switch reference; coordination; subordination; presupposition; assertion; Tail-Head linkage 10 01 JB code tsl.105.09ham 263 290 28 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Switch-reference antecedence and subordination in Whitesands (Oceanic)</TitleText> 1 A01 Jeremy Hammond Hammond, Jeremy Jeremy Hammond Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 01 Whitesands is an Oceanic language of the southern Vanuatu subgroup. Like the related languages of southern Vanuatu, Whitesands has developed a clause-linkage system which monitors referent continuity on new clauses &#8211; typically contrasting with the previous clause. In this chapter I address how the construction interacts with topic continuity in discourse. I outline the morphosyntactic form of this anaphoric co-reference device. From a functionalist perspective, I show how the system is used in natural discourse and discuss its restrictions with respect to relative and complement clauses. I conclude with a discussion on its interactions with theoretical notions of information structure &#8211; in particular the nature of presupposed versus asserted clauses, information back- and foregrounding and how these affect the use of the switch-reference system. Keywords: Anaphora; clause-chaining; Oceanic; subordination 10 01 JB code tsl.105.10van 291 308 18 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Repeated dependent clauses in Yurakar&#233;</TitleText> 1 A01 Rik van Gijn Gijn, Rik van Rik van Gijn University of Zürich 01 Yurakar&#233; (isolate, Bolivia) has two constructions, both restricted to narratives, involving repetition of chunks of speech in the form of a dependent clause, marked for switch-reference. In the first construction, tail-head linkage, material from the previous sentence is repeated as a background to the next. The predicate in this repetition is marked for switch-reference. This construction clearly plays a role in structuring information in narratives in several ways. The second construction, called the repeated citation construction, involves a repetition of the predicate of a direct quote, marked with one of the two same-subject markers (realis versus irrealis). I argue that the formal similarities between these constructions relate to discourse-functional similarities, underlining the intimate connection between switch-reference systems and discourse. Keywords: Yurakar&#233;; switch reference; reality status; dependent clauses; tail-head linkage 10 01 JB code tsl.105.11ove 309 340 32 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Clause chaining, switch reference and nominalisations in Aguaruna (Jivaroan)</TitleText> 1 A01 Simon E. Overall Overall, Simon E. Simon E. Overall James Cook University 01 This paper describes reference tracking strategies in Aguaruna, a Jivaroan language of north Peru. I take a functional and holistic approach to the description, and argue that different types of dependent clauses, tail-head linkage, and some nominalised clauses all function as a unified system of reference tracking in discourse. What these formally disparate constructions have in common is the marking of reference tracking information on verbs rather than on the referring NPs themselves. The analysis raises the question of what factors motivate the selection of a given clause-chaining construction in a given context, and I suggest some answers on the basis of discourse structuring principles. Keywords: Amazonian; nominalisation; clause-chaining; subordination 10 01 JB code tsl.105.12vui 341 372 32 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The multiple coreference systems in the Ese Ejja subordinate clauses</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">multiple coreference systems in the Ese Ejja subordinate clauses</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Marine Vuillermet Vuillermet, Marine Marine Vuillermet Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage UMR5596 CNRS – Université de Lyon (Université Lumière Lyon 2) UC Berkeley 01 In Ese Ejja, an ergative Takanan language spoken in Peru and Bolivia, four subordinators with three allomorphs each mark referential congruence or incongruence vis-&#224;-vis their matrix clause. While same-subject/different-subject systems in subordinate clauses are well attested crosslinguistically, this language also makes further, less usual, distinctions. On the one hand, it displays two distinct tripartite systems rather than a (mere) binary one. On the other hand, these systems display alignment features that differ from the straightforward ergative alignment found in main clauses. Interestingly, highly elaborated switch reference systems including a similar subject-object coreferentiality have been reported for a number of Panoan languages with which the five Takanan languages are claimed to be related. Keywords: Ese Ejja; switch-reference; argument alignment; grammaticalization; subordination 10 01 JB code tsl.105.13gal 373 396 24 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Argument marking and reference tracking in Mekens</TitleText> 1 A01 Ana Vilacy Galucio Vilacy Galucio, Ana Ana Vilacy Galucio Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-MCTI 01 This paper discusses argument marking and reference tracking in Mekens complex clauses and their correlation to information structure. The distribution of pronominal arguments in Mekens simple clauses follows an absolutive pattern with main verbs. Complex clauses maintain the morphological absolutive argument marking, but show a nominative pattern with respect to argument reference tracking, since transitive and intransitive subjects function as syntactic pivots. The language extends the use of argument-marking verb morphology to control the reference of discourse participants across clauses. This system of reference tracking also interacts with the encoding of sentence topics, expressed in the periphery of the clause in Mekens. However it will be demonstrated that subject is the important notion for the Mekens system of reference tracking. Keywords: Mekens; Tupian languages; argument marking; reference tracking 10 01 JB code tsl.105.14aut 397 398 2 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Author index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.15lan 399 400 2 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.16sub 401 410 10 Article 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20140305 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027206862 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 448010665 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code TSL 105 Hb 15 9789027206862 13 2013042658 BB 01 TSL 02 0167-7373 Typological Studies in Language 105 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Information Structure and Reference Tracking in Complex Sentences</TitleText> 01 tsl.105 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.105 1 B01 Rik van Gijn Gijn, Rik van Rik van Gijn University of Zurich 2 B01 Jeremy Hammond Hammond, Jeremy Jeremy Hammond Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 3 B01 Dejan Matić Matić, Dejan Dejan Matić Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 4 B01 Saskia van Putten Putten, Saskia van Saskia van Putten Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 5 B01 Ana Vilacy Galucio Vilacy Galucio, Ana Ana Vilacy Galucio Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-MCTI 01 eng 415 vi 409 LAN009000 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.TYP Typology 06 01 This volume is dedicated to exploring the crossroads where complex sentences and information management – more specifically information structure and reference tracking – come together. Complex sentences are a highly relevant but understudied domain for studying notions of IS and RT. On the one hand, a complex sentence can be studied as a mini-unit of discourse consisting of two or more elements describing events, situations, or processes, with its own internal information-structural and referential organization. On the other hand, complex sentences can be studied as parts of larger discourse structures, such as narratives or conversations, in terms of how their information-structural characteristics relate to this wider context. The book offers new perspectives for the study of the interaction between complex sentences and information management, and moreover adds typological breadth by focusing on lesser studied languages from several parts of the world. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/tsl.105.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027206862.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027206862.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/tsl.105.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/tsl.105.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/tsl.105.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/tsl.105.hb.png 10 01 JB code tsl.105.01mat 1 42 42 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Information structure and reference tracking in complex sentences</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An overview</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dejan Matić Matić, Dejan Dejan Matić Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 2 A01 Rik van Gijn Gijn, Rik van Rik van Gijn University of Zürich 3 A01 Robert D. Van Valin Jr. Van Valin Jr., Robert D. Robert D. Van Valin Jr. Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf & Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 01 This volume is dedicated to exploring the crossroads where complex sentences and information management &#8211; more specifically information structure (IS) and reference tracking (RT) &#8211; come together. Complex sentences are a highly relevant but understudied domain for studying notions of IS and RT. On the one hand, a complex sentence can be studied as a mini-unit of discourse consisting of two or more elements describing events, situations, or processes, with its own internal information-structural and referential organisation. On the other hand, complex sentences can be studied as parts of larger discourse structures, such as narratives or conversations, in terms of how their information-structural characteristics relate to this wider context.We first focus on the interrelatedness of IS and RT (Section 1) and then define and discuss the notion of complex sentences and their subtypes in Section 2. Section 3 surveys issues of IS in complex sentences, while Section 4 focuses on RT in complex sentences. Sections 5 and 6 briefly consider IS and RT in a wider discourse context. Section 5 discusses the interaction between IS, RT, and other discourse factors, and Section 6 focuses on ways in which a specific RT system, switch reference, can function as an RT device beyond the sentence. 10 01 JB code tsl.105.00sec1 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Information structure in complex sentences</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.02van 45 70 26 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subordinate clauses and exclusive focus in Makhuwa</TitleText> 1 A01 Jenneke van der Wal Wal, Jenneke van der Jenneke van der Wal University of Cambridge 01 In Makhuwa the element immediately after the conjoint verb form is interpreted as exclusive focus (Van der Wal 2011). This paper shows that the relation between the conjoint verb form and focus in Immediate After Verb (IAV) position holds not only for nouns and simple adverbs, but also for adverbial subordinate clauses with a relative or Situative verb, which are clearly focused when they follow a conjoint verb form. I propose that the reason that sentential complements do <i>not</i> receive a focus interpretation in the same position is due to the absence of internal information structure in the adverbial clauses. Hence, adverbial clauses but not complement clauses function as a single integrated informational unit in the information structure of the main clause. Keywords: Makhuwa; exclusive focus; subordinate clause; information structure 10 01 JB code tsl.105.03van 71 98 28 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Left dislocation and subordination in Avatime (Kwa)</TitleText> 1 A01 Saskia van Putten Putten, Saskia van Saskia van Putten Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 01 Left dislocation is characterized by a sentence-initial element which is crossreferenced in the remainder of the sentence, and often set off by an intonation break. Because of these properties, left dislocation has been analyzed as an extraclausal phenomenon. Whether or not left dislocation can occur within subordinate clauses has been a matter of debate in the literature, but has never been checked against corpus data. This paper presents data from Avatime, a Kwa (Niger-Congo) language spoken in Ghana, showing that left dislocation occurs within subordinate clauses in spontaneous discourse. This poses a problem for the extraclausal analysis of left dislocation. I show that this problem can best be solved by assuming that Avatime allows the embedding of units larger than a clause. Keywords: Avatime; left dislocation; subordinate clause; complement clause 10 01 JB code tsl.105.04kom 99 126 28 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chechen extraposition as an information ordering strategy</TitleText> 1 A01 Erwin R. Komen Komen, Erwin R. Erwin R. Komen Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen SIL-International 01 Relative clauses in Chechen normally precede their heads, but corpus research shows that about 2&#37; of them appear in an extraposed position. Scrutiny of these instances reveals that there is no link between extraposition of a relative clause and the pragmatic category (focus vs. topic) of the head. When it comes to restrictive relative clauses, which consist of two parts that only together allow for identification of the complex noun phrase&#8217;s referent, this study finds that the head can only occur in the focus position (immediately before the finite verb), and that it is often involved in contrast and comes with heightened emphasis. I interpret this as a result of the tension that is built-up due to the delay in identification. Keywords: Chechen; relative clause; extraposition; information structure 10 01 JB code tsl.105.05mat 127 162 36 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Questions and syntactic islands in Tundra Yukaghir</TitleText> 1 A01 Dejan Matić Matić, Dejan Dejan Matić Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics 01 No island effects are observable in Tundra Yukaghir questions, which are possible in virtually all syntactic environments. It is argued that this feature of Tundra Yukaghir relates to its capability of explicitly marking focus domains. If a question word occurs in a syntactic island, the whole island is morphologically treated as a focus domain. In order to take scope and function as question markers, question words must remain within the focus domain, i.e. in the island clause. This syntactic configuration is reflected in the semantics of question islands, which are used to inquire about the identity of the whole island, not merely the denotation of the question word. Keywords: Tundra Yukaghir; content question; syntactic island; focus 10 01 JB code tsl.105.06sto 163 192 30 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Constituent order and information structure in Karitiana</TitleText> 1 A01 Luciana Storto Storto, Luciana Luciana Storto Departamento de Linguística, Universidade de São Paulo 01 This paper discusses the relationship between constituent order and information structure in main and subordinate clauses in Karitiana, based on data taken from dialogues and a narrative. We show that head-internal relative clauses display an obligatory movement of the head (pivot) to the left edge of the clause paired with a special verb prefix <i>ti</i>- when the extracted argument is the object whereas adverbial subordinates may vary in constituent order without any changes in morphology. A possible source for this object focus morphology is suggested: an object nominalization prefix limited to embedded clauses in Proto-Tupi may have given rise to object relative clauses in Karitiana and spread to clefts and main clause environments, grammaticalizing as an object focus marker. Keywords: Karitiana; constituent order; focus marker; relative clause; cleft 10 01 JB code tsl.105.07las 193 228 36 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Mood selection in the complement of negation matrices in Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Patxi Laskurain Ibarluzea Ibarluzea, Patxi Laskurain Patxi Laskurain Ibarluzea Illinois State University 01 Following Lambrecht&#8217;s (1994, 2001) theory of Information Structure and drawing a conceptual parallel with Mej&#237;as-Bikandi&#8217;s (1994, 1998) account of mood distribution in Spanish complements, this study analyzes mood selection in the complement of negation and doubt matrices in Spanish in terms of the informational value of the proposition expressed in these complements. The main conclusion is that the use of the subjunctive mood in the complements of negation and doubt matrices is not motivated because these complements express a proposition known to be <i>false</i>, as it has been traditionally claimed in the literature, but rather because these complements express a proposition treated as present in the consciousness of both speaker and audience at the time of utterance. Keywords: Spanish; mood; subjunctive; complements 10 01 JB code tsl.105.00sec2 Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Reference tracking in complex sentences</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.08ree 231 262 32 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Topic management and clause combination in the Papuan language Usan</TitleText> 1 A01 Ger P. Reesink Reesink, Ger P. Ger P. Reesink EPLC & MPI for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen 01 This chapter describes topic management in the Papuan language Usan. The notion of &#8216;topic&#8217; is defined by its pre-theoretical meaning &#8216;what someone&#8217;s speech is about&#8217;. This notion cannot be restricted to simple clausal or sentential constructions, but requires the wider context of long stretches of natural text. The tracking of a topic is examined in its relationship to clause combining mechanisms. Coordinating clause chaining with its switch reference mechanism is contrasted with subordinating strategies called &#8216;domain-creating&#8217; constructions. These different strategies are identified by language-specific signals, such as intonation and morphosyntactic cues like nominalizations and scope of negation and other modalities. Keywords: Switch reference; coordination; subordination; presupposition; assertion; Tail-Head linkage 10 01 JB code tsl.105.09ham 263 290 28 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Switch-reference antecedence and subordination in Whitesands (Oceanic)</TitleText> 1 A01 Jeremy Hammond Hammond, Jeremy Jeremy Hammond Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 01 Whitesands is an Oceanic language of the southern Vanuatu subgroup. Like the related languages of southern Vanuatu, Whitesands has developed a clause-linkage system which monitors referent continuity on new clauses &#8211; typically contrasting with the previous clause. In this chapter I address how the construction interacts with topic continuity in discourse. I outline the morphosyntactic form of this anaphoric co-reference device. From a functionalist perspective, I show how the system is used in natural discourse and discuss its restrictions with respect to relative and complement clauses. I conclude with a discussion on its interactions with theoretical notions of information structure &#8211; in particular the nature of presupposed versus asserted clauses, information back- and foregrounding and how these affect the use of the switch-reference system. Keywords: Anaphora; clause-chaining; Oceanic; subordination 10 01 JB code tsl.105.10van 291 308 18 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Repeated dependent clauses in Yurakar&#233;</TitleText> 1 A01 Rik van Gijn Gijn, Rik van Rik van Gijn University of Zürich 01 Yurakar&#233; (isolate, Bolivia) has two constructions, both restricted to narratives, involving repetition of chunks of speech in the form of a dependent clause, marked for switch-reference. In the first construction, tail-head linkage, material from the previous sentence is repeated as a background to the next. The predicate in this repetition is marked for switch-reference. This construction clearly plays a role in structuring information in narratives in several ways. The second construction, called the repeated citation construction, involves a repetition of the predicate of a direct quote, marked with one of the two same-subject markers (realis versus irrealis). I argue that the formal similarities between these constructions relate to discourse-functional similarities, underlining the intimate connection between switch-reference systems and discourse. Keywords: Yurakar&#233;; switch reference; reality status; dependent clauses; tail-head linkage 10 01 JB code tsl.105.11ove 309 340 32 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Clause chaining, switch reference and nominalisations in Aguaruna (Jivaroan)</TitleText> 1 A01 Simon E. Overall Overall, Simon E. Simon E. Overall James Cook University 01 This paper describes reference tracking strategies in Aguaruna, a Jivaroan language of north Peru. I take a functional and holistic approach to the description, and argue that different types of dependent clauses, tail-head linkage, and some nominalised clauses all function as a unified system of reference tracking in discourse. What these formally disparate constructions have in common is the marking of reference tracking information on verbs rather than on the referring NPs themselves. The analysis raises the question of what factors motivate the selection of a given clause-chaining construction in a given context, and I suggest some answers on the basis of discourse structuring principles. Keywords: Amazonian; nominalisation; clause-chaining; subordination 10 01 JB code tsl.105.12vui 341 372 32 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The multiple coreference systems in the Ese Ejja subordinate clauses</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">multiple coreference systems in the Ese Ejja subordinate clauses</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Marine Vuillermet Vuillermet, Marine Marine Vuillermet Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage UMR5596 CNRS – Université de Lyon (Université Lumière Lyon 2) UC Berkeley 01 In Ese Ejja, an ergative Takanan language spoken in Peru and Bolivia, four subordinators with three allomorphs each mark referential congruence or incongruence vis-&#224;-vis their matrix clause. While same-subject/different-subject systems in subordinate clauses are well attested crosslinguistically, this language also makes further, less usual, distinctions. On the one hand, it displays two distinct tripartite systems rather than a (mere) binary one. On the other hand, these systems display alignment features that differ from the straightforward ergative alignment found in main clauses. Interestingly, highly elaborated switch reference systems including a similar subject-object coreferentiality have been reported for a number of Panoan languages with which the five Takanan languages are claimed to be related. Keywords: Ese Ejja; switch-reference; argument alignment; grammaticalization; subordination 10 01 JB code tsl.105.13gal 373 396 24 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Argument marking and reference tracking in Mekens</TitleText> 1 A01 Ana Vilacy Galucio Vilacy Galucio, Ana Ana Vilacy Galucio Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-MCTI 01 This paper discusses argument marking and reference tracking in Mekens complex clauses and their correlation to information structure. The distribution of pronominal arguments in Mekens simple clauses follows an absolutive pattern with main verbs. Complex clauses maintain the morphological absolutive argument marking, but show a nominative pattern with respect to argument reference tracking, since transitive and intransitive subjects function as syntactic pivots. The language extends the use of argument-marking verb morphology to control the reference of discourse participants across clauses. This system of reference tracking also interacts with the encoding of sentence topics, expressed in the periphery of the clause in Mekens. However it will be demonstrated that subject is the important notion for the Mekens system of reference tracking. Keywords: Mekens; Tupian languages; argument marking; reference tracking 10 01 JB code tsl.105.14aut 397 398 2 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Author index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.15lan 399 400 2 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.105.16sub 401 410 10 Article 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20140305 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 08 875 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 12 12 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 12 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 1 12 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD