57018239 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code TSL 131 Eb 15 9789027260178 06 10.1075/tsl.131 13 2020056535 DG 002 02 01 TSL 02 0167-7373 Typological Studies in Language 131 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The Linguistics of Olfaction</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">Linguistics of Olfaction</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Typological and Diachronic Approaches to Synchronic Diversity</Subtitle> 01 tsl.131 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.131 1 B01 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 2 B01 Przemysław Staniewski Staniewski, Przemysław Przemysław Staniewski University of Wrocław 01 eng 495 xiii 481 LAN009000 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.TYP Typology 06 01 This volume presents novel cross-linguistic insights into how olfactory experiences are expressed in typologically (un-)related languages both from a synchronic and from a diachronic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic and fourteen chapters based on philological investigation and thorough fieldwork data from Basque, Beja, Fon, Formosan languages, Hebrew, Indo-European languages, Japanese, Kartvelian languages, Purepecha, and languages of northern Vanuatu. Topics discussed in the individual chapters involve, inter alia, lexical olfactory repertoires and naming strategies, non-literal meanings of olfactory expressions and their semantic change, reduplication, colexification, mimetics, and language contact. The findings provide the reader with a range of fascinating facts about perception description, contribute to a deeper understanding of how olfaction as an understudied sense is encoded linguistically, and offer new theoretical perspectives on how some parts of our cognitive system are verbalized cross-culturally. This volume is highly relevant to lexical typologists, historical linguists, grammarians, and anthropologists. 05 <i>The Linguistics of Olfaction</i> can be seen as a benchmark in the exploration of olfactory language, and thus of olfaction itself, an often downplayed sensory modality that is deeply connected with our cognitive activities (Holley 1999: 180–181), emotions (Soundry et al. 2011), and memories (Strauch et al. 2019). Consequently, it contributes to the expanding field of sensory linguistics (cf. Winter 2019) and to a deeper understanding of how we perceive and make sense of the world around us. Ádám Galac, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, in Argumentum 17: 871-877 (2021) 05 <i>The Linguistics of Olfaction</i> will be of interest to a wide audience both within linguistics and beyond. Naturally, (lexico-grammatical) typologists have the most to gain from this book, but there is also ample content relevant for linguists interested in metaphor, ideophones, cognitive linguistics, evidentiality, lexicology, and language change. I also recommend this volume to any anthropologists,<br />historians and cognitive scientists who have an interest in human olfaction and would like to know how smells are encoded across languages, and how this may change (or not change) over time. Thomas Poulton, Monash University, in Linguistic Typology 2022 05 This book can be recommended for those researching the many domains in which typological generalizations are being discovered, providing as it does numerous references to work on other sense<br />modalities. Its overall theoretical agnosticism, and the sheer lack of barriers to entry in such a novel area of study, make it well approachable for those at the student level, such that it could provide some of the readings for a seminar on cultural or psycholinguistics, typology, and so forth. In fact its many pointers to needed further research might inspire many honors- and graduate-level research projects. David Douglas Robertson, University of Victoria, on Linguist List 32.3678 (2021) 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/tsl.131.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027208408.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027208408.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/tsl.131.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/tsl.131.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/tsl.131.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/tsl.131.hb.png 10 01 JB code tsl.131.pre vii 1 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface and acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.131.loc ix xiii 5 Chapter 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">List of contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.131.01jed 1 34 34 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Rendering what the nose perceives</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An introduction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 2 A01 Przemysław Staniewski Staniewski, Przemysław Przemysław Staniewski University of Wroclaw 20 diachrony 20 olfactory perception 20 sense modalities 20 sense of smell 20 typology 01 In this chapter, we briefly overview the typological and diachronic research on olfactory expressions and point out possible further research questions. Essentially, we illustrate how linguistic olfactory terms interact with different areas of grammar, e.g. with morphology, and delineate some striking cross-linguistic patterns calling for a deeper unification of language-internal and language-external factors. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.02vib 35 72 38 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Why is smell special?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><sc>A</sc> case study of a European language: Swedish</Subtitle> 1 A01 Åke Viberg Viberg, Åke Åke Viberg Uppsala University 20 lexical semantics 20 lexical typology 20 olfaction 20 perception verbs 20 Swedish 01 Recent typological studies have described a number of languages with a rich inventory of abstract odor terms, which stand in stark contrast to Swedish and other European languages that are considered to have poor systems of such terms. However, there have been few thorough descriptions of the odor terms of any European language. This chapter presents a detailed corpus-based description of the noun <i>lukt</i> ‘smell’ and the verbs <i>lukta</i> ‘to smell’, <i>stinka</i> ‘to stink’, <i>dofta</i> ‘to smell good’ and <i>osa</i> ‘to smell of burnt fat’. In addition to the description of the lexico-grammatical structure, there is a detailed discussion of the way odor is talked about in Swedish based on word sketches. Unlike colors, which are treated as objective properties of physical objects, odors are often talked about as sensations that evoke affective reactions in humans. Odors are also often talked about as characteristic features of whole situations. The chapter ends with a discussion of what it is that makes smell special with respect to the other senses. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.03iba 73 112 40 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The domain of olfaction in Basque</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">domain of olfaction in Basque</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano 20 Basque 20 metaphor 20 olfactory vocabulary 20 perception 20 smell 01 This chapter analyzes the domain of olfaction in Basque. Stemming from Ibarretxe-Antuñano’s (1999, 2013) previous work on smell verbs, it explores the role of other olfaction constructions in the encoding of physical and figurative meanings in data drawn from dictionaries and corpora. Results show that smell constructions encode two types of physical perceptual meaning and then develop their figurative meanings accordingly. Copulative perception is related to characteristics and feelings; active / experience perception to information, cognition, and search. Negative connotations usually associated to this sense (i.e. ‘to suspect’) do not necessarily hold in Basque. With respect to usage, few of these smell words are frequently used in present-day Basque, and some of them have undergone specialization and narrowing processes. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.04kob 113 136 24 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On olfactory terminology in Georgian and other Kartvelian languages</TitleText> 1 A01 Manana Kobaidze Kobaidze, Manana Manana Kobaidze Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society 2 A01 Revaz Tchantouria Tchantouria, Revaz Revaz Tchantouria Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society 3 A01 Karina Vamling Vamling, Karina Karina Vamling Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society 20 etymology 20 Georgian 20 Megrelian 20 olfactory perception 01 The present chapter is a study of the system of olfactory expressions in Georgian, Megrelian, and other Kartvelian languages, including questions of etymology and semantic extensions. Olfactory expressions in the Kartvelian languages are explored with Viberg (1984) as a point of departure, making a division into activity, experience and copulative (source-based) expressions. The study largely relies on data from text corpora of Standard Georgian as well as Georgian dialects. The Kartvelian languages are shown to exhibit specific olfactory terminology, but show numerous examples of expressions being used in several perception modalities. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.05bel 137 174 38 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Let me count the ways it stinks</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><sc>A</sc> typology of olfactory terms in Purepecha (Mexico)</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kate Bellamy Bellamy, Kate Kate Bellamy National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) – Lacito 20 olfactory language 20 Purepecha 20 smell canon 01 In this chapter <sc>I</sc> present a three-way typology of olfactory language in Purepecha, comprising: (i) abstract terms, composed of one of 15 perception roots and the smell-specific ‘spatial couplet’ morphology <i>-k’u</i> and <i>-nti</i>; (ii) descriptive terms whose root refers to another state or event, such as ‘to burn’, plus the spatial couplet morphology; and (iii) an odor source (usually a noun) introduced by a generic verb ‘to be, smell’ <i>ja-</i>. <sc>I</sc> discuss how different elicitation methods obtained varying proportions of these three types, as well as the distribution of the three generic roots referring to smelling. <sc>I</sc> then offer an historical perspective, demonstrating how the same three-way typology of smell terms has remained relatively stable over time. Implications for theories of word formation in Purepecha are also considered. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.06van 175 198 24 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Olfactory, gustatory and tactile perception in Beja (North-Cushitic)</TitleText> 1 A01 Martine Vanhove Vanhove, Martine Martine Vanhove Llacan (UMR 8135, CNRS, INALCO, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité) 2 A01 Mohamed-Tahir Hamid Ahmed Hamid Ahmed, Mohamed-Tahir Mohamed-Tahir Hamid Ahmed Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST, Khartoum, Sudan) and Omdurman Ahlia University (OAU, Omdurman, Sudan)/Omdurman Ahlia University (OAU, Omdurman, Sudan) 20 Beja 20 metaphor 20 perception 20 semantics 20 syntax 01 This chapter studies the perception words associated with the so-called “lower senses” (olfaction, gustatory and tactile perceptions) in Beja, a Cushitic language spoken mainly in Sudan, from three different perspectives. The first one concerns the organization of the related lexicon from the point of view of word categories, and their semantic aspects along a positive / negative and more intense / less intense continuum. Numerically, it shows a prevalence of the verb category over nouns and adjectives, and a more varied lexicon for smell, than for taste and touch. The second one provides a study of the syntactic constructions of perception words. It shows a prevalence of source-oriented constructions except in the tactile domain. The third one deals with the metaphorical extensions of the perception words for each sensory modality. The last section discusses the Beja findings in a broader comparative and typological perspective. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.07lam 199 220 22 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">How to smell without a verb “to smell” in Fon</TitleText> 1 A01 Renée Lambert-Brétière Lambert-Brétière, Renée Renée Lambert-Brétière 20 Fon 20 genitive constructions 20 ideophones 20 nominal compounds 20 serial verb constructions 20 support verbs 01 This chapter presents an overview of the constructions used in Fon, a Kwa language spoken in Benin, to express olfaction. There is no verb meaning expressly ‘to smell’ in this language, and the lexicon dedicated to this sensory modality is rather poor, even if a few ideophones are found to specifically qualify olfactory perceptions. It is then worth exploring the ways in which Fon speakers talk about odors and smell. A first strategy found in phenomenon-based constructions is to use a variety of support verbs conceptualizing the emission of the odor. The choice of verb varies according to the quality of the odor (e.g. positive / negative). A second strategy found in experiencer-based constructions is to use a neutral perception verb that is also found with other sensory modes like hearing, and by extension, knowing. Moreover, two serial verb constructions, one phenomenon-oriented and one activity-oriented, are employed to talk about smell. Another particularity of olfactory expressions in Fon is that they are used to convey abstract emotions. <sc>I</sc> show that odors are conceived as a reflection of their carrier’s identity. The acceptance, rejection, or concealment of odors reveal love, hate, or shame, respectively. Overall, this chapter shows that even if the linguistic domain of smell is not expanded, the Fon language has developed strategies to circumvent the gap. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.08bac 221 250 30 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">How to talk about smell in Japanese</TitleText> 1 A01 Anthony E. Backhouse Backhouse, Anthony E. Anthony E. Backhouse Hokkaido University 20 collocations 20 Japanese 20 mimetics 20 olfaction in taste 20 smell 01 This chapter presents a corpus-informed description of olfactory language in Japanese, centering on everyday speech. Core smell vocabulary takes in the verbs <i>kagu</i> and <i>niou</i>, the nouns <i>nioi</i> and <i>kaori</i>, and the adjective <i>kusai</i>, and exhibits the clear presence of evaluation. Additional basic resources comprise major syntactic and collocational patterns, with smell nouns sharing combinatorial behavior with other perceptual nouns, as well as morphological patterns for complex adjectives in <i>-kusai</i> and sensory smell vocabulary involving mimetic adverbs with iconic encoding of temporal contour and intensity. Some smell terms describe intra-mouth perception as a component of taste in addition to regular olfaction. A review of smell vocabulary used in more formal registers again shows evaluation as a prominent feature. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.09lee 251 276 26 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">An overview of olfactory expressions in Formosan languages</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>An </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">overview of olfactory expressions in Formosan languages</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Amy Pei-jung Lee Lee, Amy Pei-jung Amy Pei-jung Lee 20 Formosan languages 20 olfaction 20 olfactory expressions 01 This chapter presents an overview of smell lexicon and olfactory expressions in Formosan languages (i.e., the Austronesian languages spoken in Taiwan) and their typological significance. The linguistic structure of olfaction in these languages is divided into abstract smell terms and source-oriented construction. Abstract smell terms include both generic and specific smell terms. Source-oriented construction in these languages is represented by the morphological schema [<sc>PREFIX</sc>-/<sc>PROCLITIC</sc>=(<sc>REDUPLICATION</sc>) <sc>X</sc>]. The factors [± human], [± polite], and [± visible] play a role in the choice of smell terms and olfactory constructions, which pragmatically pertain to euphemistic usage and verbal abuse. Olfactory expressions are categorized cognitively in relation to pragmatic functions and metaphorical mappings. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.10fra 277 304 28 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Olfactory words in northern Vanuatu</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><i>Langue</i> vs. <i>parole</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Alexandre François François, Alexandre Alexandre François 20 corpus study 20 langue vs. parole 20 lexical semantics 20 Oceanic languages 20 poetry 01 This corpus-based study examines the lexical domain of olfaction in the Oceanic languages of northern Vanuatu. While a tropical ecology is sometimes believed to favor elaborate encoding patterns for smells, this does not appear to be the case in Vanuatu. Most languages there show a rather limited array of lexemes, whether to refer to smelling events (active, passive, experiencer-based) or to the odors themselves. That said, sources based on speakers’ competence (<i>langue</i>) rather than performance (<i>parole</i>) suggest that languages may in fact possess a latent elaborate olfactory lexicon, even if it surfaces rarely in ordinary speech. The low discourse frequency of specific terms may be explained by cultural factors, as smells appear to play a reduced functional role in traditional social practices of Vanuatu. Finally, my corpus of conversation and oral literature shows that when olfaction is mentioned, it is mostly associated, first, with the islands’ natural environment; and second, with the existential contrast between death and life. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.11avi 305 342 38 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Alternating <i>smell</i> in Modern Hebrew</TitleText> 1 A01 Bar Avineri Avineri, Bar Bar Avineri The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 20 factivity 20 indirect perception 20 nominative vs. dative experiencer 20 perception 20 voice 01 Many studies on perception verbs have dealt with the typology and semantic properties of their clausal complements. Other studies have dealt with the lexical relatedness of different perception verbs with a common sensory modality. Bridging these two views, this work focuses on the Modern Hebrew verb <i>le-hariax</i> ‘to smell’, which alternates in the case-marking of the experiencer and in the type of complement clause, and on the semantic properties which accompany the alternation. The lexical relatedness between words with a common sensory base is expressed through morpho-syntactic means, shared with verbs of other sensory modalities, and these shed light on the linguistic manifestation of the sensory hierarchy and on the contribution of voice alternation within the field of perception. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.12hil 343 368 26 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Syntactic patterns for Romanian olfactive verbs</TitleText> 1 A01 Virginia Hill Hill, Virginia Virginia Hill University of New Brunswick – Saint John 20 evidentiality 20 perception verbs 20 Romanian 20 syntax 01 Romanian olfactive verbs generate two readings: One that captures the physical olfactive perception, and one that expresses a cognitive/inferential process. While this is cross-linguistically unsurprising, the Romanian data are informative when it comes to the factors responsible for the two readings. In this respect, this chapter argues that we do not need two lexical entries for these interpretations, as the second one can be read off the syntactic configuration. Along these lines, the direct evidence for smelling is encoded lexically, whereas the indirect evidence involved in the inferential readings arises from the mapping of evidentiality as a formal feature [evid] at the edge of v<sc>P</sc>. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.13str 369 402 34 Chapter 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Smelling over time</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The lexicon of olfaction from Latin to Italian</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francesca Strik-Lievers Strik-Lievers, Francesca Francesca Strik-Lievers 20 diachrony 20 Italian 20 Latin 20 olfactory lexicon 01 Sensory anthropologists have described societies that, compared to Western ones, attribute to the sense of smell a more prominent cultural role, and linguists are bringing evidence that a higher sociocultural status of smell tends to be reflected in language by a richer and more elaborated olfactory lexicon. Given that the relative prominence of one sense within the sensorium has been shown to vary not only across societies, but also over time, such variation may be expected to have linguistic reflections. This study explores whether and how the olfactory lexicon has changed from Latin to Italian. Is the alleged increased “deodorization” of contemporary Western societies associated with changes in the lexicon? The data show that, contrary to expectations, the overall size of the olfactory lexicon did not undergo appreciable changes. However, it progressively became more oriented toward the negative pole of evaluation (i.e., the expression of unpleasant smells). Implications and possible explanations are discussed in the light of the linguistic and sensory-historical literature. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.14sta 403 448 46 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">To what extent can source-based olfactory verbs be classified as copulas?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of German and Polish</Subtitle> 1 A01 Przemysław Staniewski Staniewski, Przemysław Przemysław Staniewski University of Wroclaw 2 A01 Adam Gołębiowski Gołębiowski, Adam Adam Gołębiowski University of Wroclaw 20 copula verbs 20 German 20 perception verbs 20 Polish 20 semantics-syntax interfaces 01 In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the semantics and syntax of perception verbs in various languages. This has led to establishing a widely accepted classification in activity, experiencer- and source-based verbs – also labelled copulative. This chapter deals with the latter category in the olfactory domain in German and Polish. It provides a general theoretical discussion of the copulas, the perception verbs and their interfaces. Further, it focuses on the main four construction types in which the source-based olfactory verbs can occur in order to determine, based on their contextual embedding, if they qualify as copulas. Ultimately, the influence of regarding the source-based verbs as (non-)copulas for the description of the olfactory perception is pointed out. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.15zaw 449 474 26 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Typology of metaphors with the olfactory target domain in the Polish perfumery discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Magdalena Zawisławska Zawisławska, Magdalena Magdalena Zawisławska University of Warsaw 2 A01 Marta Falkowska Falkowska, Marta Marta Falkowska University of Warsaw 20 corpus 20 metaphor typology 20 olfactory metaphors 20 perfumery discourse 20 synesthesia 01 The relative scarcity of lexical olfactory field in Polish makes it difficult to describe the complex and subjective sensation of smell. Unsurprisingly, the Polish perfumery discourse is permeated with various types of metaphors. This chapter proposes a typology of metaphors on the basis of excerpts from the <i>Synamet</i>–Polish corpus of synesthetic metaphors. The annotation of a metaphorical unit in <i>Synamet</i> is based on Cognitive Metaphor Theory (<sc>CMT</sc>) and Fillmorean Frame Semantics. We distinguish several atypical metaphors: (i) mixed metaphors, i.e. metaphors involving several source frames; (ii) “entangled” metaphors, where syntactic dependencies in a metaphorical phrase conflict with the semantic relations between the elements; and (iii) narrative metaphors that exceed the boundaries of one sentence. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.lan 475 476 2 Miscellaneous 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Languages index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.131.sub 477 481 5 Miscellaneous 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subjects index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20210426 2021 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027208408 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 105.00 EUR R 01 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 158.00 USD S 861018238 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code TSL 131 Hb 15 9789027208408 13 2020056534 BB 01 TSL 02 0167-7373 Typological Studies in Language 131 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The Linguistics of Olfaction</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">Linguistics of Olfaction</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Typological and Diachronic Approaches to Synchronic Diversity</Subtitle> 01 tsl.131 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.131 1 B01 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 2 B01 Przemysław Staniewski Staniewski, Przemysław Przemysław Staniewski University of Wrocław 01 eng 495 xiii 481 LAN009000 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.TYP Typology 06 01 This volume presents novel cross-linguistic insights into how olfactory experiences are expressed in typologically (un-)related languages both from a synchronic and from a diachronic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic and fourteen chapters based on philological investigation and thorough fieldwork data from Basque, Beja, Fon, Formosan languages, Hebrew, Indo-European languages, Japanese, Kartvelian languages, Purepecha, and languages of northern Vanuatu. Topics discussed in the individual chapters involve, inter alia, lexical olfactory repertoires and naming strategies, non-literal meanings of olfactory expressions and their semantic change, reduplication, colexification, mimetics, and language contact. The findings provide the reader with a range of fascinating facts about perception description, contribute to a deeper understanding of how olfaction as an understudied sense is encoded linguistically, and offer new theoretical perspectives on how some parts of our cognitive system are verbalized cross-culturally. This volume is highly relevant to lexical typologists, historical linguists, grammarians, and anthropologists. 05 <i>The Linguistics of Olfaction</i> can be seen as a benchmark in the exploration of olfactory language, and thus of olfaction itself, an often downplayed sensory modality that is deeply connected with our cognitive activities (Holley 1999: 180–181), emotions (Soundry et al. 2011), and memories (Strauch et al. 2019). Consequently, it contributes to the expanding field of sensory linguistics (cf. Winter 2019) and to a deeper understanding of how we perceive and make sense of the world around us. Ádám Galac, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, in Argumentum 17: 871-877 (2021) 05 <i>The Linguistics of Olfaction</i> will be of interest to a wide audience both within linguistics and beyond. Naturally, (lexico-grammatical) typologists have the most to gain from this book, but there is also ample content relevant for linguists interested in metaphor, ideophones, cognitive linguistics, evidentiality, lexicology, and language change. I also recommend this volume to any anthropologists,<br />historians and cognitive scientists who have an interest in human olfaction and would like to know how smells are encoded across languages, and how this may change (or not change) over time. Thomas Poulton, Monash University, in Linguistic Typology 2022 05 This book can be recommended for those researching the many domains in which typological generalizations are being discovered, providing as it does numerous references to work on other sense<br />modalities. Its overall theoretical agnosticism, and the sheer lack of barriers to entry in such a novel area of study, make it well approachable for those at the student level, such that it could provide some of the readings for a seminar on cultural or psycholinguistics, typology, and so forth. In fact its many pointers to needed further research might inspire many honors- and graduate-level research projects. David Douglas Robertson, University of Victoria, on Linguist List 32.3678 (2021) 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/tsl.131.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027208408.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027208408.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/tsl.131.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/tsl.131.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/tsl.131.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/tsl.131.hb.png 10 01 JB code tsl.131.pre vii 1 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface and acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.131.loc ix xiii 5 Chapter 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">List of contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.131.01jed 1 34 34 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Rendering what the nose perceives</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An introduction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Łukasz Jędrzejowski Jędrzejowski, Łukasz Łukasz Jędrzejowski University of Cologne 2 A01 Przemysław Staniewski Staniewski, Przemysław Przemysław Staniewski University of Wroclaw 20 diachrony 20 olfactory perception 20 sense modalities 20 sense of smell 20 typology 01 In this chapter, we briefly overview the typological and diachronic research on olfactory expressions and point out possible further research questions. Essentially, we illustrate how linguistic olfactory terms interact with different areas of grammar, e.g. with morphology, and delineate some striking cross-linguistic patterns calling for a deeper unification of language-internal and language-external factors. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.02vib 35 72 38 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Why is smell special?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><sc>A</sc> case study of a European language: Swedish</Subtitle> 1 A01 Åke Viberg Viberg, Åke Åke Viberg Uppsala University 20 lexical semantics 20 lexical typology 20 olfaction 20 perception verbs 20 Swedish 01 Recent typological studies have described a number of languages with a rich inventory of abstract odor terms, which stand in stark contrast to Swedish and other European languages that are considered to have poor systems of such terms. However, there have been few thorough descriptions of the odor terms of any European language. This chapter presents a detailed corpus-based description of the noun <i>lukt</i> ‘smell’ and the verbs <i>lukta</i> ‘to smell’, <i>stinka</i> ‘to stink’, <i>dofta</i> ‘to smell good’ and <i>osa</i> ‘to smell of burnt fat’. In addition to the description of the lexico-grammatical structure, there is a detailed discussion of the way odor is talked about in Swedish based on word sketches. Unlike colors, which are treated as objective properties of physical objects, odors are often talked about as sensations that evoke affective reactions in humans. Odors are also often talked about as characteristic features of whole situations. The chapter ends with a discussion of what it is that makes smell special with respect to the other senses. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.03iba 73 112 40 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The domain of olfaction in Basque</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">domain of olfaction in Basque</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano 20 Basque 20 metaphor 20 olfactory vocabulary 20 perception 20 smell 01 This chapter analyzes the domain of olfaction in Basque. Stemming from Ibarretxe-Antuñano’s (1999, 2013) previous work on smell verbs, it explores the role of other olfaction constructions in the encoding of physical and figurative meanings in data drawn from dictionaries and corpora. Results show that smell constructions encode two types of physical perceptual meaning and then develop their figurative meanings accordingly. Copulative perception is related to characteristics and feelings; active / experience perception to information, cognition, and search. Negative connotations usually associated to this sense (i.e. ‘to suspect’) do not necessarily hold in Basque. With respect to usage, few of these smell words are frequently used in present-day Basque, and some of them have undergone specialization and narrowing processes. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.04kob 113 136 24 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On olfactory terminology in Georgian and other Kartvelian languages</TitleText> 1 A01 Manana Kobaidze Kobaidze, Manana Manana Kobaidze Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society 2 A01 Revaz Tchantouria Tchantouria, Revaz Revaz Tchantouria Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society 3 A01 Karina Vamling Vamling, Karina Karina Vamling Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society 20 etymology 20 Georgian 20 Megrelian 20 olfactory perception 01 The present chapter is a study of the system of olfactory expressions in Georgian, Megrelian, and other Kartvelian languages, including questions of etymology and semantic extensions. Olfactory expressions in the Kartvelian languages are explored with Viberg (1984) as a point of departure, making a division into activity, experience and copulative (source-based) expressions. The study largely relies on data from text corpora of Standard Georgian as well as Georgian dialects. The Kartvelian languages are shown to exhibit specific olfactory terminology, but show numerous examples of expressions being used in several perception modalities. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.05bel 137 174 38 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Let me count the ways it stinks</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><sc>A</sc> typology of olfactory terms in Purepecha (Mexico)</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kate Bellamy Bellamy, Kate Kate Bellamy National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) – Lacito 20 olfactory language 20 Purepecha 20 smell canon 01 In this chapter <sc>I</sc> present a three-way typology of olfactory language in Purepecha, comprising: (i) abstract terms, composed of one of 15 perception roots and the smell-specific ‘spatial couplet’ morphology <i>-k’u</i> and <i>-nti</i>; (ii) descriptive terms whose root refers to another state or event, such as ‘to burn’, plus the spatial couplet morphology; and (iii) an odor source (usually a noun) introduced by a generic verb ‘to be, smell’ <i>ja-</i>. <sc>I</sc> discuss how different elicitation methods obtained varying proportions of these three types, as well as the distribution of the three generic roots referring to smelling. <sc>I</sc> then offer an historical perspective, demonstrating how the same three-way typology of smell terms has remained relatively stable over time. Implications for theories of word formation in Purepecha are also considered. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.06van 175 198 24 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Olfactory, gustatory and tactile perception in Beja (North-Cushitic)</TitleText> 1 A01 Martine Vanhove Vanhove, Martine Martine Vanhove Llacan (UMR 8135, CNRS, INALCO, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité) 2 A01 Mohamed-Tahir Hamid Ahmed Hamid Ahmed, Mohamed-Tahir Mohamed-Tahir Hamid Ahmed Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST, Khartoum, Sudan) and Omdurman Ahlia University (OAU, Omdurman, Sudan)/Omdurman Ahlia University (OAU, Omdurman, Sudan) 20 Beja 20 metaphor 20 perception 20 semantics 20 syntax 01 This chapter studies the perception words associated with the so-called “lower senses” (olfaction, gustatory and tactile perceptions) in Beja, a Cushitic language spoken mainly in Sudan, from three different perspectives. The first one concerns the organization of the related lexicon from the point of view of word categories, and their semantic aspects along a positive / negative and more intense / less intense continuum. Numerically, it shows a prevalence of the verb category over nouns and adjectives, and a more varied lexicon for smell, than for taste and touch. The second one provides a study of the syntactic constructions of perception words. It shows a prevalence of source-oriented constructions except in the tactile domain. The third one deals with the metaphorical extensions of the perception words for each sensory modality. The last section discusses the Beja findings in a broader comparative and typological perspective. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.07lam 199 220 22 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">How to smell without a verb “to smell” in Fon</TitleText> 1 A01 Renée Lambert-Brétière Lambert-Brétière, Renée Renée Lambert-Brétière 20 Fon 20 genitive constructions 20 ideophones 20 nominal compounds 20 serial verb constructions 20 support verbs 01 This chapter presents an overview of the constructions used in Fon, a Kwa language spoken in Benin, to express olfaction. There is no verb meaning expressly ‘to smell’ in this language, and the lexicon dedicated to this sensory modality is rather poor, even if a few ideophones are found to specifically qualify olfactory perceptions. It is then worth exploring the ways in which Fon speakers talk about odors and smell. A first strategy found in phenomenon-based constructions is to use a variety of support verbs conceptualizing the emission of the odor. The choice of verb varies according to the quality of the odor (e.g. positive / negative). A second strategy found in experiencer-based constructions is to use a neutral perception verb that is also found with other sensory modes like hearing, and by extension, knowing. Moreover, two serial verb constructions, one phenomenon-oriented and one activity-oriented, are employed to talk about smell. Another particularity of olfactory expressions in Fon is that they are used to convey abstract emotions. <sc>I</sc> show that odors are conceived as a reflection of their carrier’s identity. The acceptance, rejection, or concealment of odors reveal love, hate, or shame, respectively. Overall, this chapter shows that even if the linguistic domain of smell is not expanded, the Fon language has developed strategies to circumvent the gap. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.08bac 221 250 30 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">How to talk about smell in Japanese</TitleText> 1 A01 Anthony E. Backhouse Backhouse, Anthony E. Anthony E. Backhouse Hokkaido University 20 collocations 20 Japanese 20 mimetics 20 olfaction in taste 20 smell 01 This chapter presents a corpus-informed description of olfactory language in Japanese, centering on everyday speech. Core smell vocabulary takes in the verbs <i>kagu</i> and <i>niou</i>, the nouns <i>nioi</i> and <i>kaori</i>, and the adjective <i>kusai</i>, and exhibits the clear presence of evaluation. Additional basic resources comprise major syntactic and collocational patterns, with smell nouns sharing combinatorial behavior with other perceptual nouns, as well as morphological patterns for complex adjectives in <i>-kusai</i> and sensory smell vocabulary involving mimetic adverbs with iconic encoding of temporal contour and intensity. Some smell terms describe intra-mouth perception as a component of taste in addition to regular olfaction. A review of smell vocabulary used in more formal registers again shows evaluation as a prominent feature. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.09lee 251 276 26 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">An overview of olfactory expressions in Formosan languages</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>An </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">overview of olfactory expressions in Formosan languages</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Amy Pei-jung Lee Lee, Amy Pei-jung Amy Pei-jung Lee 20 Formosan languages 20 olfaction 20 olfactory expressions 01 This chapter presents an overview of smell lexicon and olfactory expressions in Formosan languages (i.e., the Austronesian languages spoken in Taiwan) and their typological significance. The linguistic structure of olfaction in these languages is divided into abstract smell terms and source-oriented construction. Abstract smell terms include both generic and specific smell terms. Source-oriented construction in these languages is represented by the morphological schema [<sc>PREFIX</sc>-/<sc>PROCLITIC</sc>=(<sc>REDUPLICATION</sc>) <sc>X</sc>]. The factors [± human], [± polite], and [± visible] play a role in the choice of smell terms and olfactory constructions, which pragmatically pertain to euphemistic usage and verbal abuse. Olfactory expressions are categorized cognitively in relation to pragmatic functions and metaphorical mappings. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.10fra 277 304 28 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Olfactory words in northern Vanuatu</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><i>Langue</i> vs. <i>parole</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Alexandre François François, Alexandre Alexandre François 20 corpus study 20 langue vs. parole 20 lexical semantics 20 Oceanic languages 20 poetry 01 This corpus-based study examines the lexical domain of olfaction in the Oceanic languages of northern Vanuatu. While a tropical ecology is sometimes believed to favor elaborate encoding patterns for smells, this does not appear to be the case in Vanuatu. Most languages there show a rather limited array of lexemes, whether to refer to smelling events (active, passive, experiencer-based) or to the odors themselves. That said, sources based on speakers’ competence (<i>langue</i>) rather than performance (<i>parole</i>) suggest that languages may in fact possess a latent elaborate olfactory lexicon, even if it surfaces rarely in ordinary speech. The low discourse frequency of specific terms may be explained by cultural factors, as smells appear to play a reduced functional role in traditional social practices of Vanuatu. Finally, my corpus of conversation and oral literature shows that when olfaction is mentioned, it is mostly associated, first, with the islands’ natural environment; and second, with the existential contrast between death and life. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.11avi 305 342 38 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Alternating <i>smell</i> in Modern Hebrew</TitleText> 1 A01 Bar Avineri Avineri, Bar Bar Avineri The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 20 factivity 20 indirect perception 20 nominative vs. dative experiencer 20 perception 20 voice 01 Many studies on perception verbs have dealt with the typology and semantic properties of their clausal complements. Other studies have dealt with the lexical relatedness of different perception verbs with a common sensory modality. Bridging these two views, this work focuses on the Modern Hebrew verb <i>le-hariax</i> ‘to smell’, which alternates in the case-marking of the experiencer and in the type of complement clause, and on the semantic properties which accompany the alternation. The lexical relatedness between words with a common sensory base is expressed through morpho-syntactic means, shared with verbs of other sensory modalities, and these shed light on the linguistic manifestation of the sensory hierarchy and on the contribution of voice alternation within the field of perception. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.12hil 343 368 26 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Syntactic patterns for Romanian olfactive verbs</TitleText> 1 A01 Virginia Hill Hill, Virginia Virginia Hill University of New Brunswick – Saint John 20 evidentiality 20 perception verbs 20 Romanian 20 syntax 01 Romanian olfactive verbs generate two readings: One that captures the physical olfactive perception, and one that expresses a cognitive/inferential process. While this is cross-linguistically unsurprising, the Romanian data are informative when it comes to the factors responsible for the two readings. In this respect, this chapter argues that we do not need two lexical entries for these interpretations, as the second one can be read off the syntactic configuration. Along these lines, the direct evidence for smelling is encoded lexically, whereas the indirect evidence involved in the inferential readings arises from the mapping of evidentiality as a formal feature [evid] at the edge of v<sc>P</sc>. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.13str 369 402 34 Chapter 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Smelling over time</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The lexicon of olfaction from Latin to Italian</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francesca Strik-Lievers Strik-Lievers, Francesca Francesca Strik-Lievers 20 diachrony 20 Italian 20 Latin 20 olfactory lexicon 01 Sensory anthropologists have described societies that, compared to Western ones, attribute to the sense of smell a more prominent cultural role, and linguists are bringing evidence that a higher sociocultural status of smell tends to be reflected in language by a richer and more elaborated olfactory lexicon. Given that the relative prominence of one sense within the sensorium has been shown to vary not only across societies, but also over time, such variation may be expected to have linguistic reflections. This study explores whether and how the olfactory lexicon has changed from Latin to Italian. Is the alleged increased “deodorization” of contemporary Western societies associated with changes in the lexicon? The data show that, contrary to expectations, the overall size of the olfactory lexicon did not undergo appreciable changes. However, it progressively became more oriented toward the negative pole of evaluation (i.e., the expression of unpleasant smells). Implications and possible explanations are discussed in the light of the linguistic and sensory-historical literature. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.14sta 403 448 46 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">To what extent can source-based olfactory verbs be classified as copulas?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of German and Polish</Subtitle> 1 A01 Przemysław Staniewski Staniewski, Przemysław Przemysław Staniewski University of Wroclaw 2 A01 Adam Gołębiowski Gołębiowski, Adam Adam Gołębiowski University of Wroclaw 20 copula verbs 20 German 20 perception verbs 20 Polish 20 semantics-syntax interfaces 01 In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the semantics and syntax of perception verbs in various languages. This has led to establishing a widely accepted classification in activity, experiencer- and source-based verbs – also labelled copulative. This chapter deals with the latter category in the olfactory domain in German and Polish. It provides a general theoretical discussion of the copulas, the perception verbs and their interfaces. Further, it focuses on the main four construction types in which the source-based olfactory verbs can occur in order to determine, based on their contextual embedding, if they qualify as copulas. Ultimately, the influence of regarding the source-based verbs as (non-)copulas for the description of the olfactory perception is pointed out. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.15zaw 449 474 26 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Typology of metaphors with the olfactory target domain in the Polish perfumery discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Magdalena Zawisławska Zawisławska, Magdalena Magdalena Zawisławska University of Warsaw 2 A01 Marta Falkowska Falkowska, Marta Marta Falkowska University of Warsaw 20 corpus 20 metaphor typology 20 olfactory metaphors 20 perfumery discourse 20 synesthesia 01 The relative scarcity of lexical olfactory field in Polish makes it difficult to describe the complex and subjective sensation of smell. Unsurprisingly, the Polish perfumery discourse is permeated with various types of metaphors. This chapter proposes a typology of metaphors on the basis of excerpts from the <i>Synamet</i>–Polish corpus of synesthetic metaphors. The annotation of a metaphorical unit in <i>Synamet</i> is based on Cognitive Metaphor Theory (<sc>CMT</sc>) and Fillmorean Frame Semantics. We distinguish several atypical metaphors: (i) mixed metaphors, i.e. metaphors involving several source frames; (ii) “entangled” metaphors, where syntactic dependencies in a metaphorical phrase conflict with the semantic relations between the elements; and (iii) narrative metaphors that exceed the boundaries of one sentence. 10 01 JB code tsl.131.lan 475 476 2 Miscellaneous 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Languages index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code tsl.131.sub 477 481 5 Miscellaneous 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subjects index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20210426 2021 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 1005 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 60 15 01 02 JB 1 00 105.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 111.30 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 15 02 02 JB 1 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 2 15 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 158.00 USD