Subject index

• A-argument42, 44–46, 48

• abduction259

• abductive method249, 258

• accusative8, 36, 119–121, 176, 230, 236–237, 244, 260, 262–263, 269, 304, 316, 356, 384, 407

• achrony 23

• action41, 44, 53, 98, 104, 106, 109, 125, 254, 260, 263–265, 267, 281, 299, 329–331, 334–335, 338–339, 343, 371

• actionality27, 298

• active reflexive375

• actor194, 260, 266

• address system393-394

• addressee79–81, 83–88, 90, 127, 266, 268, 304, 390, 392, 394, 397, 399–400, 402, 404

• adjectivalizer340, 356

• adjective6–8, 11–13, 18–20, 28, 43, 47–48, 55, 65, 176, 215, 227–229, 237, 239, 242–243, 304, 313–321, 323–327, 329, 331, 333–336, 338–349, 351–352, 354–356, 360, 399

• adposition36, 109, 124, 256

• affecting104, 259–260, 264, 268, 299

• affective. See under usage

• affix41–42, 46, 68, 334–335, 337–338, 346, 353, 356, 373, 384

• affixation27, 282, 292, 294

• Agent(abbrev. A) 2, 10, 104, 170–171, 184, 230, 232, 264, 281, 317, 322, 338, 369–371, 375

• agreement9, 12, 44, 82, 154, 168, 173, 177, 185, 201, 212, 231, 249, 270, 272, 304–305, 318–321, 325–326, 333, 335, 338, 341, 359, 369, 401, 406

• Aktionsart298

• alignment11, 13, 316

• ambiguity36, 140, 148, 152–153, 172, 181, 185, 351–353

• anaphora387, 409

• antipassive116, 288

• aorist17, 304, 356

• applicability12, 35, 39, 54, 66–67, 73, 152, 163–164, 179–182, 202, 217, 219, 242, 300.

• See also ‘universal applicability’

• argument coding42

• article2, 5–6, 25, 27–29, 43, 151, 153, 181, 183, 186–192, 194–195, 200, 232, 254–255, 257–258

• aspect26–27, 29, 47, 53–54, 64–65, 72, 75, 78, 90, 101–102, 107–109, 131, 194, 202, 258, 270, 272, 289, 297, 299, 302, 305, 321, 356, 360, 369, 384

• grammatical aspect299

• imperfective aspect74, 286, 289, 291, 300

• intensive aspect281, 286, 288, 291, 300-302

• verbal aspect. See under verbal

• basic standard category term192

• benefactive114, 124–129, 304, 384

• binding54, 164, 361, 370

• bivalent verb. See under verb

• bound form41, 44, 46

• canon67, 372

• cartography64, 67, 77

• case7–8, 11, 16–22, 24, 27, 29, 36, 41–45, 47–48, 61, 64, 68, 71, 74–75, 79, 82, 84, 89, 91, 94, 106, 108–109, 119–121, 125, 132, 134, 145, 147, 156, 161–163, 165, 168, 170, 176–178, 180, 184–185, 188, 190, 194, 197, 203–205, 213–214, 216, 218–221, 227, 230–232, 234, 237, 240–244, 248, 258, 260–264, 266, 273, 275, 280, 282–287, 291, 293, 297, 304–305, 315, 317–318, 320–322, 326–327, 329, 331–333, 335–337, 343, 352–354, 356, 370–372, 380–383, 389, 391, 396, 399–400, 402

• case construction18, 333, 336

• categorial particularism20, 66, 73

• categorization / categorisation20, 57, 61, 65, 68–69, 72, 75, 77, 94, 147, 262, 318–319, 335–336, 389, 410

• category2, 7–11, 15–16, 18–21, 24–29, 37–39, 44, 47, 49, 51, 60–65, 67–70, 74, 76–77, 79–80, 92, 94–95, 102, 106, 109, 115, 117, 119, 122, 137, 139–141, 146–148, 152, 154, 172, 174, 177–179, 183–200, 203–206, 212–213, 215, 217–221, 223–225, 228–234, 236–237, 239–240, 242, 244–245, 254–255, 270–273, 280–281, 299, 302–303, 315, 317–318, 323–325, 327, 350–351, 359, 368, 371, 376, 389–391, 395, 398, 403, 406

• category general20, 186, 198–200, 224

• category labels15, 25–26, 195, 351

• category terms137, 147–148, 184, 186–193, 195–196, 203–206

• definition of category terms147

• derived standard category term192

• descriptive categories182

• notions of category146–147

• standard category term191–192, 194, 196, 205

• typological category10

• universal category19, 28, 62, 67, 74, 215

• causative51, 103–104, 130, 262, 264, 290, 304, 326, 384

• causativity290

• characteristica universalis3–4

• characterization144, 160, 196, 206, 256–257

• classificatory concepts140

• classifier56, 270–273, 382, 384

• clause12–13, 18, 37–38, 41–45, 53, 61, 70–72, 79, 96–97, 99, 104–106, 111, 114, 117, 119–122, 126, 128, 194, 228, 246, 259, 261–262, 272–273, 296, 317, 365–366, 381, 406

• cline140, 406–407

• clitic46, 49–50, 304, 377, 381–384

• comparative concepts (abbrev. CC)

• CC as properties of construction/language pairs

• CC as properties of item/language pairs

• CC as properties of language/function pairs177

• CC as ‘pure’27

• comparative-concept (functional) term18, 20-21, 171, 176, 189–192, 200, 204, 206

• functional comparative concept18, 20, 371

• hybrid comparative concept18, 371

• comparative grammar4, 205, 249, 252, 254–255, 270

• comparative linguistics2, 22, 62, 94, 137, 141–142, 170, 198, 201–202, 204, 206

• comparative statement170

• comparativism5, 32

• comparison philosophical4

• concept 4, 8, 12–16, 18–21, 24, 27–28, 37–39, 41, 43–44, 47–49, 51–53, 63, 66, 68, 104, 137, 140–141, 143, 145, 147–148, 150–154, 163, 165–169, 171–182, 185, 187–197, 199–200, 203–206, 213, 216–222, 224–225, 227–233, 239, 242, 244, 250–252, 257–260, 268, 270–273, 275, 281, 303, 315–316, 329, 357, 371, 392, 404–405, 407

• universal functional concept14

• concept term143, 153, 166, 168–169, 171–172, 174, 176, 187–192, 200, 203–204, 206

• conceptual framework13, 56

• conditional clause53

• constituent order10, 135

• construction6, 8, 13, 15, 18–20, 29, 38, 42–44, 51, 59, 61, 73–75, 94, 96, 106, 110, 126, 128–129, 134, 137, 141–143, 148, 150–176, 179, 182, 189–192, 194, 196–197, 199, 203–204, 207–208, 215–216, 245, 247, 266, 271–272, 280, 289–290, 303, 305, 314, 316–317, 319–320, 325, 329–331, 333–345, 351, 360, 368, 371–373, 383

• continua of techniques250

• continuativity27, 285, 291

• coreference28, 43, 369–371, 373, 378, 382

• coreferentiality115–118, 370, 372

• crosslinguistic categories51, 211, 213–217, 219–220, 232, 237–238, 242, 244–245, 260, 392

• inheritance hierarchies212, 235, 240, 245

• monotonic, multiple inheritance233–236, 238, 241, 244

• instantiation8, 19, 211–212, 217–224, 226–227, 229, 232–234, 242

• dative8, 16, 48, 116, 124–125, 131, 176, 213–214, 216, 218–220, 232, 234, 236–237, 244, 260, 264, 266, 268–269, 271, 304, 357

• dative case48, 125, 176, 213–214, 216, 218–220, 232, 237, 304

• dativus ethicus266

• dativus judicantis266

• deduction253, 258

• definition8, 13–14, 16, 18–19, 24, 26–29, 35, 38–39, 41, 43–47, 49–50, 104, 108, 114, 137, 141–143, 147–168, 170–171, 173–176, 178–179, 181, 185–192, 197, 199–200, 203–204, 211, 216–217, 219, 227, 229–230, 234, 243, 251, 280, 282–284, 303, 313–314, 316–317, 321, 325–326, 328, 346, 351, 353, 367–370, 372–375, 380, 391, 395

• degrees of generality182

• deixis74, 255, 257–258, 392, 399, 407–408

• demonstrative13, 59, 65–66, 131, 295, 384, 393, 399–400, 406

• description of a function111

• descriptive grammar22, 348

• descriptive linguistics98, 137, 141–142, 166, 175, 206

• diachrony23, 29, 247, 315, 350, 353, 362, 385, 409

• differentia linguarum3–5, 21

• dimension23, 49, 69, 252, 254–256, 258, 268–270, 276, 406

• direct object36, 79, 126–128, 269, 284, 304, 371, 381, 383

• discourse roles390

• distal demonstrative399

• distributed morphology65

• distributivity284, 291, 305

• ditransitive verb. See under verb

• documentary linguistics5

• double object construction8

• economics39–40

• effective verb. See under ‘usage’

• ellipsis71, 394, 403

• emancipatory pragmatics389, 404

• enérgeia250

• ergative18, 42, 44, 46, 221, 227, 230–232, 237, 244, 260, 304, 316

• ergative case221, 227, 230–232, 237

• ergative construction18, 42, 44

• érgon250

• ethnopsychology5

• event71, 74, 76, 85, 90, 104–107, 115–117, 120, 125, 127–128, 219, 223, 241, 282–283, 285, 289, 291, 299, 303, 371, 391–392, 396, 404, 407

• event-internal plural285

• events27, 74, 90, 104, 109, 112–113, 124, 169, 217, 233, 239–240, 242, 285, 288, 295, 299, 301, 389

• evolutionary linguistics22–23

• experiencer369

• explicandum150–151

• explication149–151, 154, 165, 175, 255

• explicative definition150–151, 154

• explicatum149–151, 154–156

• exprimendum270

• extension47–48, 80, 95, 148, 152–153, 165–167, 169, 171–172, 175–177, 189, 191, 194, 200, 205, 273, 402

• extroverted verb. See under verb

• flag41–42, 44, 381

• formal definition24, 164–165, 167

• formal logic140

• formal means of coding108, 124

• frequentative131, 285–288, 293, 296–297, 304

• frequentativity28, 283, 285, 291, 296, 298–299

• function12–13, 18–19, 28, 30, 38, 56, 65, 74, 77–78, 80, 82, 84–85, 89–94, 97, 99, 102, 105–112, 114–117, 119–121, 124–127, 129, 143–145, 150, 158–159, 162, 165, 172, 175, 177–179, 182, 191–192, 194, 197, 199–200, 219, 228, 237, 241, 248, 251–252, 272–273, 280, 282, 285, 287, 289–291, 294–296, 306, 315–317, 328–331, 335, 339–340, 343, 345, 347, 351, 355, 361, 365, 368, 370, 372, 375, 399–400, 402, 408–410

• discovery of functions108

• function category terms191

• functional denominator250, 270

• functional domain26, 108, 111, 113–114, 281, 290, 303

• functional role257

• gender43–46, 48–49, 56, 101–102, 127, 131, 269–270, 272, 277, 304–305, 318–321, 324–325, 333, 335

• General Comparative Grammar (GCG)252

• general linguistics22–23, 35–38, 51, 96, 137, 141–142, 166, 202, 204, 206, 235, 315, 353, 364, 408

• generalization102, 156, 169–170, 176, 252, 267, 291, 317

• generative grammar22, 25, 202, 215–216, 346, 358

• generative syntax15, 98

• generative tradition59, 62–64, 67, 69, 73, 77, 79

• glosses15–16, 53, 60, 66, 105, 192, 227, 271, 282, 286

• interlinear glossing53, 254–255, 271

• Leipzig Glossing Rules15, 52, 66, 173, 192, 282, 304

• goal orientation114, 119, 121–122

• gradience239, 265–267

• gram type19

• grammaire générale4–5, 22, 31

• grammar1, 4–5, 10, 14–17, 22, 25–26, 29–30, 33, 37–39, 50, 54, 59–60, 62–63, 75, 77–78, 85, 95–96, 98–99, 110, 131–134, 155–156, 161, 171, 173–176, 186–187, 189–197, 202–206, 209–211, 213, 215–216, 243, 245–249, 252, 254–255, 258, 262, 270, 275–277, 280, 299, 305–308, 313, 315–316, 319–320, 324, 331, 346, 348, 351–353, 356, 358–360, 363–366, 368, 374, 386, 397, 409–410

• grammatica universalis3, 21

• grammatical description137–138, 201, 204–206, 282

• grammaticalization7, 22, 31–32, 65, 69, 98, 131–134, 208–209, 247, 275, 295, 376, 383, 390, 395, 397, 408–409

• grammaticalization theory397

• habituality27, 229, 285, 288, 291, 298–299

• head-final order7

• hearer266, 390, 395, 400

• Heaviness Serialization Principle8

• historical linguistics22–23, 362

• honorifics393

• identification142, 171–172, 185–186, 193, 205, 241, 249–250, 254–256, 258, 350, 359, 378, 390, 401–402

• identification statement171, 172, 193

• identification vs. definition186

• identity of marking27

• ideophones26, 55, 59, 91

• idiolect20, 162

• imperfectivity286, 291, 299

• implicational relation6

• inclusiveness condition64

• incommensurability16, 186, 313

• indexicality405, 407

• indicativity250–251, 255, 257, 268

• indirect object79, 108, 114, 122, 124–129, 264, 267, 269

• induction252–253, 258

• infixation292

• inflection 337

• informal definition156, 160–164, 166, 173, 176

• inheritance hierarchy212, 235, 238, 240, 245

• instantiation8, 19, 211–212, 217–224, 226–227, 229, 232–234, 242

• intension165, 167–168, 172, 174–175, 179, 189, 197

• intension-based concept types175

• intensity286, 301

• interlinear glossing See under glosses

• International Phonetic Alphabet (abbrev. IPA)9-10, 35-36, 44, 52, 213, 221–224, 237, 239

• interrogative clause404

• intersubjectification402

• Intransitive42, 104, 115–117, 128, 230–232, 261–265, 284, 295, 304, 365, 375, 383

• introverted verb. See under verb

• intuition46, 252, 273

• invariant250–253, 273, 374

• iterative285–290, 296, 298, 304

• iterativity289

• lambda calculus144, 146

• lambda expressions159

• language1–33, 35–39, 45, 47–49, 51–57, 59–68, 73–82, 88, 91–99, 102, 104–108, 110–114, 118–119, 123–125, 129–130, 132–135, 137–139, 142–148, 150–152, 154–160, 162–164, 166–183, 185–195, 197, 199–210, 212–215, 219–220, 223–225, 227–229, 233, 236–237, 239–240, 242–243, 245–255, 257–260, 265, 267, 269–271, 274–276, 279–283, 290, 294, 296–297, 299, 302–303, 305–318, 321, 324–325, 327–332, 336, 346–349, 351–353, 355–366, 368–370, 372, 378, 380, 382–387, 389, 391–392, 395–397, 401, 403–404, 406, 408–410

• language classification5, 283

• language comparison24, 38, 61, 66, 68, 137–138, 143, 201–204, 212–213, 237

• language faculty5, 21–23, 63

• language of logic143, 148, 156, 160, 167, 172, 180

• language particularism24, 346

• language reconstruction5

• language universals5–6, 23, 27, 29, 60, 63, 78, 96, 204, 206, 249, 252–253, 274–276, 365, 386

• language-specific category74, 148, 178, 255, 270

• language-specific criteria61, 205, 220

• languoid21, 282

• Leipzig Glossing Rules See under glosses

• lexeme28, 176, 214, 227–228, 242, 293, 313–314, 325, 331–332, 336–337, 342, 344–345, 347–348, 350–352, 354–356

• lexical alternation27, 292–294, 301–302

• lexical categories65, 68–69, 109–110, 225, 297, 358

• lexicalism. See under lexicalist approach

• lexicalist approach346, 351

• Lexicalist Hypothesis. See under lexicalist approach

• lexicalization344, 349

• linearisation11

• LINGTYP1–3, 5–8, 17, 22, 280, 389

• linguistic sign390

• Linguistic Typology1–3, 5–6, 17, 27, 29–33, 55–56, 96–98, 101, 119, 132, 134, 138, 207–211, 245–249, 275, 280, 306–308, 314, 318, 358–365, 385, 389

• localization256–257

• location noun400

• locative predication114, 123–124

• logic26, 69, 95, 137–138, 140–146, 148, 156, 160, 167, 172, 174, 180, 189–190, 201, 207, 210

• logical form 159, 162

• malefactive112, 114, 124–126, 128–129

• marker8, 28, 37–38, 41–42, 44–46, 61–62, 70, 82, 105, 110–113, 115–118, 120–122, 127, 130–131, 176, 213, 216, 218–219, 229–232, 234, 259, 261–262, 266, 272, 285, 287, 295, 297, 302, 305, 369–370, 372, 378, 382, 384, 396

• mental invariant252

• mental map252

• mental movement251

• metonymy399

• middle domain368, 370, 384

• middle voice18–19, 317, 368, 386

• minimalism64

• monotransitive verb. See under verb

• morph41–42, 44–45, 314, 337, 351–353, 361

• morpheme13, 16, 59, 110, 285–286, 314, 349, 351–352, 374, 383

• nature of concepts clarified173

• neuro-biology22

• No Base Hypothesis26

• nomifier system 43–44

• nominal6, 28, 41–42, 45, 70, 73, 75, 117, 121, 127–128, 148–149, 151–154, 215, 236–237, 241, 256, 263, 268–269, 271, 273, 289, 293, 295, 298, 305, 307, 322, 326, 340, 345, 361, 367, 373–378, 380–384, 391–392, 395, 401–402, 407

• nominal definition149, 153–154

• nominal reflexive367, 378, 381

• nominalization313, 314

• nominalizer131, 338, 357

• nominative36, 227, 230–231, 236–237, 244, 254, 260, 304, 357, 384, 407

• nominative case36

• notational convention194–195

• noun6, 10, 12–13, 18, 26, 28, 32, 39, 41, 43, 47, 49–50, 55, 61, 65, 70, 101, 105, 108–109, 111, 114, 117–119, 121, 124–125, 127, 130–131, 176, 189, 215, 227–228, 235–236, 239–240, 242, 260–267, 271–273, 298–299, 313, 315, 317–319, 321, 323–327, 329–330, 333–348, 351–352, 354, 356, 369–370, 375, 377, 382, 384, 394, 396–397, 399–400, 405

• noun incorporation50

• number 6, 43–45, 47, 65–66, 69–70, 101–102, 107–110, 113, 125, 127–128, 130–131, 146, 153–155, 160–161, 163, 165, 168, 182, 205, 207, 249–250, 257, 269–273, 282, 292–293, 295, 299, 302, 305, 318–320, 322, 326, 332–333, 335, 337, 341–342, 344–345, 347, 349, 356, 370, 374–375, 395–396, 403, 405–406

• numeral classification269–272

• Object (abbrev. O)1–2, 8–10, 19, 21–22, 36, 41, 64, 79, 104–105, 108, 113–116, 118–119, 122, 124–129, 131, 152, 230, 232, 248–250, 259–269, 272–274, 276, 284, 295, 304–305, 329–331, 333–335, 338, 343, 368, 370–373, 375, 378–384, 405

• oblique36, 42, 44, 131, 305

• occasion67, 283, 355, 405

• onomasiological approach15, 258

• ontological relationship193

• operation269, 272, 320

• P(atient)

• panchrony 23

• paradigm43, 87, 216, 270–271, 293, 359, 390, 406

• parameter268, 291

• participant deixis392

• participant plurality284, 288, 291, 294, 301

• particles59, 85–89, 110, 243, 353

• particularism20, 24, 66, 73, 346

• parts of speech28, 214-215, 313-367, 383; see also word classes

• past tense17, 66, 111, 305

• patient2, 10, 104, 170–171, 266, 284, 369–371, 375

• perfective74, 127, 131, 194, 289, 300, 305, 407

• periphrasis347

• person41–43, 52, 65–66, 74, 101–102, 105, 110, 118, 128, 131, 135, 184, 230, 241, 265–266, 272, 289, 304, 318, 320–321, 334, 337, 357, 371, 374, 377–379, 389–404, 406–407, 409

• person agreement401

• personal pronoun29, 377, 390–393, 396

• personalization400–401

• phases20, 285

• phonological reduction396

• phonological weakening400

• pluractionality27–28, 279, 281–284, 298, 302–303

• politeness29, 391, 394, 397, 399, 401–402, 408

• portable terms19, 195

• pragmatics32, 81, 96, 243–244, 362, 389, 404–405, 408–409

• predicate26, 41–42, 79, 108–109, 111, 114, 119–123, 125–126, 130, 144–145, 151–152, 158–168, 171–172, 178–179, 181, 228, 271, 273, 317, 325, 329–331, 334–335, 343, 352, 369, 375–376

• predicate logic26, 144

• predicativity250–251, 255, 257, 268

• predictive value 6

• prefixation292

• prepositional phrase266

• Principle of Head Proximity13

• problem of the hidden variable142, 162, 173

• problem of type-token relations197

• problem-solving system250, 270

• proform391

• pronoun28–29, 44, 66, 118, 127–128, 131, 305, 320, 374, 376–381, 384, 389–396, 399–402, 404, 407

• pronoun shift402

• proper definition151, 160, 164–165, 189

• proper name323

• property6, 12–13, 18, 41, 43, 47–49, 74, 89, 91, 115, 144–146, 165, 167–172, 174–176, 178–182, 188–189, 194, 199, 201, 217, 219–221, 224, 227–228, 230, 232–233, 239, 241–242, 251, 272–273, 286, 316, 370, 400, 403

• prototype29, 38–39, 49, 51, 147, 169, 260, 280, 371, 392, 407

• prototype theory147

• prototypical action104

• prototypical property

• prototypical reflexive371

• Proto-World22

• quantification164, 255, 257, 269–270, 385

• quantitative concepts140

• questionnaire14

• real definition149

• reciprocal287, 305

• reciprocity27, 287–288, 291, 368

• reduplication27, 131, 281–282, 286–292, 294, 300–301, 303, 305, 338

• reference to languages made explicit173

• reflexive28, 43, 50, 56, 103–104, 112, 115–117, 120–121, 192, 305, 367–384, 386–387, 392, 402

• verbal reflexive375–376, 378, 381

• reflexive argument marker 376-377

• reflexive construction43, 368, 371, 383

• reflexive content

• reflexive marker28, 116–117, 120–121, 369–370, 372, 378, 382, 384

• reflexive nominal376-377

• reflexive strategy369, 379

• reflexivity28, 50, 367–368, 373, 375–376, 383

• relative clause12–13, 18, 43, 45, 194, 228, 317

• repraesentandum251, 270, 273

• revision166, 172–179, 182–184, 188, 191–192

• root28, 41–42, 45–47, 65, 90, 94, 234, 239–241, 262, 313–315, 320, 322–323, 326, 337–344, 346–354, 356, 380, 382

• root-and-pattern343

• semantic bleaching397

• semasiological approach15

• sentence170, 178, 190, 339

• serial verb construction42, 137, 141–143, 148, 151–176, 182, 190–192, 194, 196, 199, 203–204, 207

• sign language39

• simple descriptive statement

• singular70, 107, 110, 131, 153, 227, 236–237, 254, 271–273, 285, 290–293, 305, 357, 379, 394–395

• Societas Linguistica Europaea (abbrev. SLE)3, 101

• spatial deixis392, 399

• spatial demonstrative393

• spatial distributivity284, 291

• speaker51, 71–72, 79–80, 82–88, 90, 92, 110–113, 122, 215, 314, 390, 394, 396, 398–400, 402, 407

• speech event223, 391, 396, 404, 407

• Standard Average European (abbrev. SAE)273

• standard comparative concept197

• standard descriptive category194

• state of affairs86

• stativity372

• stem288, 333–334, 347

• stimulus19, 37

• stipulative definition149, 157, 187–188

• strategy12, 18, 20, 92, 283–285, 288, 290, 292–294, 301, 324, 345, 347, 369, 376, 379–380, 382–383, 399, 402

• structural linguistics392

• structuralism25

• sub-dimension252, 270

• subject2–3, 6, 9–11, 22, 35–36, 42, 45–46, 48, 54, 79, 103–106, 108, 112, 114–119, 121–122, 126, 131, 177–178, 184–185, 191–192, 194, 198, 200–201, 212, 230, 243, 248, 268, 273, 284, 295, 304–305, 321, 329, 370–373, 378–379, 381–384, 405–406

• subordinate clause

• suffix38, 70, 105, 121, 126–128, 271, 288–289, 296–300, 302–304, 320, 322, 334, 336–339, 341, 379–380, 396–397

• suffixation292

• SVO2, 9–12, 104, 316

• synchrony23, 29, 315, 350, 353, 362, 385

• technique252, 255, 257–258, 270, 272, 376–377

• telic verb. See under verb

• template and pattern morphology terminology 337

• tertia comparationis11–12, 270

• theme8, 213, 216, 232, 263, 268

• theory of language4, 22–26, 33, 155–156, 171, 174, 177, 182, 201–206, 315, 355–356

• token10, 197–200, 209, 330

• transitive clause42

• transitivity104, 106, 116, 260, 263, 269, 325

• translation7, 12, 15, 86, 123, 143, 160–161, 241, 270, 288, 395

• transnumerality273

• transnumeral form271

• transnumeral noun272

• trivalent verb. See under verb

• type17–20, 25, 30, 37, 65–66, 72, 74, 77, 79–81, 86, 89–90, 95, 97, 128, 139–141, 143–144, 148–149, 151–152, 155–156, 158, 161–162, 164, 170, 174–179, 190, 192, 194, 196–200, 209, 261, 266–267, 271, 288, 299, 306, 315–317, 331, 333, 338–339, 346–347, 350, 352–356, 361, 371, 391, 400–401

• typology1–3, 5–8, 10, 14–18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29–33, 39, 54–56, 62, 67, 77, 94, 96–99, 101, 103–104, 113–114, 119, 124, 129–130, 132–134, 138, 140, 170, 196, 198, 201, 203, 206–211, 245–249, 252–253, 275–276, 280, 306–308, 313–316, 318, 325, 327–329, 332, 346–348, 350, 353, 355, 358–366, 374, 385–386, 389, 409

• aims of typology101

• multivariate typology67, 77

• undergoer260

• Unit of Language (abbrev. UoL)60, 314, 351

• Unitary Base Hypothesis346

• UNITYP project6, 27, 140, 249-274.

• universal applicability66, 169, 179, 182, 242

• universal coding asymmetries270

• Universal Grammar (abbrev. UG)

• Universal Spine26, 59, 73–74, 76, 78–80, 82–83, 93–95

• Universal Spine Hypothesis (abbrev. USH)

• universality statement170

• usage10, 14–15, 22–23, 29, 33, 45–47, 149, 155, 190, 218, 224, 262–263, 299, 390, 396, 402, 408

• affective260, 262

• effective 260, 262

• utterance71–72, 74, 76, 79–83, 85–86, 88, 93, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 122, 130, 390

• valency49, 259–260, 262, 264–265, 267, 269, 275, 374–376, 383

• Valency Classes Project (abbrev. ValPaL)

• Verb (abbrev. V)

• bivalent260-262, 265

• ditransitive269, 304

• extroverted374

• introverted374

• telic265

• VO9–10, 269

• weak constructivism183–184

• word2, 6–11, 14–15, 18, 20, 27–29, 31, 36, 38, 41, 46, 49–50, 53, 59, 64, 68, 78, 92, 102, 106, 109, 132, 142, 147–148, 172, 178, 181, 186–187, 189–190, 192, 224, 228, 238, 243, 245–248, 251, 257, 307, 314, 316, 318–321, 324, 328, 330–331, 333–334, 336–339, 344, 346–353, 356, 358–359, 363–366, 380, 385, 404

• word classes8, 28, 64, 142, 246–248, 307, 318, 320, 330, 344, 365–366, 380, 385; see also parts of speech

• word order (abbrev. WO)

• basic WO2, 15, 18, 316

• World Atlas of Language Structure (abbrev. WALS)

• zero form403