600015797
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
TSL 133 Eb
15
9789027257918
06
10.1075/tsl.133
13
2021059067
DG
002
02
01
TSL
02
0167-7373
Typological Studies in Language
133
01
The Typology of Physical Qualities
The
Typology of Physical Qualities
01
tsl.133
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.133
1
B01
Ekaterina Rakhilina
Rakhilina, Ekaterina
Ekaterina
Rakhilina
HSE University, Moscow / Vinogradov Russian language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2
B01
Tatiana Reznikova
Reznikova, Tatiana
Tatiana
Reznikova
HSE University, Moscow
3
B01
Daria Ryzhova
Ryzhova, Daria
Daria
Ryzhova
HSE University, Moscow
01
eng
345
vi
339
LAN016000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.TYP
Typology
06
01
What is it like? – This is often the first question we ask about any object, and it is typically answered with adjectives: <i>old, smooth, pointed, narrow</i>, etc. Characteristics of things around us is a fundamental aspect of how we conceptualize the physical world, regardless of when or where we live – and regardless of our language. Despite this, the vocabulary of physical qualities has received comparatively little attention in lexical typology: most research so far has focused on verbs and the actions they express.<br />This volume presents a lexico-typological study of several domains of physical qualities: ‘sharp’/‘blunt’, ‘wet’, ‘empty’/‘full’, ‘old’, as well as dimensions temperature and surface texture. It discusses several theoretical issues including intragenetic language sampling, the possibility of signed vs. spoken language comparison at the lexicon level, and the potential of applying computational models of distributional semantics to lexical typology. <br />The book will be of interest to linguists with a focus on typology, general and lexical semantics, to lexicographers, and to language students and teachers.
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/tsl.133.hb.png
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.01rak
1
28
28
Chapter
1
01
Chapter 1. Introduction
The frame-based approach to the typology of qualities
1
A01
Ekaterina Rakhilina
Rakhilina, Ekaterina
Ekaterina
Rakhilina
HSE University/V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
2
A01
Tatiana Reznikova
Reznikova, Tatiana
Tatiana
Reznikova
HSE University
20
evaluation
20
frame
20
lexical typology
20
metaphor
20
perception
20
physical qualities
01
The chapter outlines the goals of our project, points out the aspects that distinguish the vocabulary of qualities from other lexical domains, when viewed from a typological perspective, and introduces the methods of data collection and analysis we use in this project and in other related studies. It goes on to discuss the semantic parameters that motivate the lexical oppositions in various qualitative domains.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.02kyu
29
56
28
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 2. Methodology at work
Semantic fields <sc>sharp</sc> and <sc>blunt</sc>
1
A01
Maria Kyuseva
Kyuseva, Maria
Maria
Kyuseva
University of Surrey
2
A01
Elena Parina
Parina, Elena
Elena
Parina
Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences/Philipps-Universität Marburg
3
A01
Daria Ryzhova
Ryzhova, Daria
Daria
Ryzhova
HSE University
20
frame-based approach
20
lexical typology
20
metaphors
20
physical qualities
20
semantic maps
20
sharp, blunt
01
The chapter illustrates the frame-based methodology of lexical typological analysis through the comparison of the qualities <sc>sharp</sc> and <sc>blunt</sc> in 21 languages. We show that these qualities tend to be asymmetrical, with bluntness being negatively defined through sharpness. The two main oppositions found in the field are (1) the shape of a sharp object, and (2) the sense through which the quality is primarily experienced. The first opposition divides all objects into bladed (knives, etc.) and pointed (needles, etc.) ones; the second opposition contrasts touch with vision, and it further translates to the juxtaposition of function (<i>sharp/blunt instruments</i>, etc.) vs. shape (<i>pointed/rounded features</i>, etc.). We also find that these oppositions determine the semantic shifts developed by words denoting sharpness or bluntness and that the metaphoric patterns are consistent across languages.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.03rez
57
78
22
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 3. A matter of degree?
The domain of wetness in a typological perspective
1
A01
Tatiana Reznikova
Reznikova, Tatiana
Tatiana
Reznikova
HSE University
2
A01
Anna Panina
Panina, Anna
Anna
Panina
Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
3
A01
Victoriya Kruglyakova
Kruglyakova, Victoriya
Victoriya
Kruglyakova
RANEPA
20
lexical typology
20
physical qualities
20
semantics of degree
20
wetness
01
The article studies the domain of wetness in 20 languages. In many of them the domain features two main words (e.g. German <i>nass, feucht</i>; Mongolian <i>nojton, čijgleg</i>; Moksha <i>načkə, l’et’kə</i>) and the difference between them tends to be described in terms of degree, i.e. ‘intensely’ versus ‘slightly wet’. Typological analysis shows that in each case the degree of humidity receives a specific interpretation depending on the noun that is being modified, so that the choice of a particular synonym is based not simply on the quantity of the fluid, but on the situation as a whole (including the source of moisture, intentional versus non-intentional event, etc.). We also discuss the additional factors relevant to the domain in the languages that have more than two words in it, that is, the additional words with a positive or a negative connotation, or moisture from contact with a liquid versus moisture absorbed from humid air.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.04pan
79
116
38
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 4. Quality as a two-place predicate
The typology of <sc>full</sc> and <sc>empty</sc>
1
A01
Anna Panina
Panina, Anna
Anna
Panina
Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
2
A01
Maria Tagabileva
Tagabileva, Maria
Maria
Tagabileva
Independent researcher
20
container
20
empty
20
full
20
lexical typology
20
qualitative adjectives
01
This chapter presents a typological description of the semantic domains <sc>empty</sc> and <sc>full</sc>. While the majority of other predicates of physical qualities have a single argument (the qualified object), the situations of fullness and emptiness imply two arguments – the container and the contents. Such argument structure influences the syntax of the predicates of fullness and emptiness and, to some extent, the oppositions within these domains. In this paper, <sc>empty</sc> and <sc>full</sc> are examined in relation to <sc>clean, bare, solid</sc> and several other adjacent semantic domains, with particular attention being given to metaphors and semantic extensions.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.05koz
117
160
44
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 5. Typology of dimensions
1
A01
Alexey Kozlov
Kozlov, Alexey
Alexey
Kozlov
HSE University
2
A01
Maria Privizentseva
Privizentseva, Maria
Maria
Privizentseva
Leipzig University
20
dimensional terms
20
lexical typology
20
semantic maps
20
spatial expressions
01
The paper focuses on the lexical typology of dimensional terms such as English <i>long</i>, <i>deep</i>, <i>wide</i>, etc. Compared to other semantic fields, this one is relatively well-studied; however, the present study is the first to approach it from the modern typological point of view. We propose a semantic map of dimensional terms, which outlines the possible and impossible colexification patterns in the domain. However, other regularities appear likely to exist, which cannot be captured by the model of semantic mapping. We discuss the potential restrictions on colexifications, and suggest explanations for them.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.06kas
161
188
28
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 6. The domain of surface texture
1
A01
Egor Kashkin
Kashkin, Egor
Egor
Kashkin
V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute,
2
A01
Olga Vinogradova
Vinogradova, Olga
Olga
Vinogradova
HSE University
20
corpus research
20
intragenetic typology
20
lexical typology
20
metaphoric shift
20
Uralic languages
01
The paper deals with the typology of surface texture expressions, such as <i>
<b>slippery</b> road, <b>smooth</b> wooden board, <b>rough</b> hands, <b>coarse</b>
</i> or <i>
<b>rough</b> fabric</i>. We discuss both their literal uses and metaphors formed with them, such as <i>
<b>slippery</b> person, <b>smooth</b> speech, <b>rugged</b> captain</i>. Our language sample includes 10 Uralic languages (Finnish, Estonian, Meadow Mari, Erzya, Moksha, Udmurt, Komi-Zyrjan, Hungarian, Khanty, Nenets), as well as 5 languages from other families (Russian, English, Spanish, Chinese, and Korean). The categorisation includes primarily a division into visually perceived surfaces and surfaces perceived through physical contact. We discuss in what ways the antonymic areas under observation are asymmetrical in their semantics and combinability. One more focus is on evaluating variation in the texture lexicon in genetically related languages in comparison with its variation across a broader sample of languages.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.07vyr
189
214
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 7. A new approach to <sc>old</sc> studies
1
A01
Anastasia Vyrenkova
Vyrenkova, Anastasia
Anastasia
Vyrenkova
HSE University
2
A01
Ekaterina Rakhilina
Rakhilina, Ekaterina
Ekaterina
Rakhilina
HSE University/V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
3
A01
Boris Orekhov
Orekhov, Boris
Boris
Orekhov
HSE University
20
lexical typology
20
qualitative adjectives
20
semantic maps
20
semantics of oldness
01
This chapter gives a description of the <sc>old</sc> terms typology across 78 world languages. The sample size in the research is relatively big, as compared to the other studies in this volume, which is attributable to two main reasons: the semantics of <sc>old</sc> terms has already been thoroughly described for at least two languages – English and Russian – and the lexemes with this meaning are in most cases featured by bilingual dictionaries. On the basis of the dictionary data supported by additional expertise we propose a semantic map of the OLD domain. The paper also outlines some cross-linguistically recurrent colexification patterns and addresses the specificity of homonymous combinations of <sc>old</sc> attributes with different semantic classes of nouns.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.08kop
215
268
54
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 8. Talking temperature with close relatives
Semantic systems across Slavic languages
1
A01
Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm
Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
Maria
Koptjevskaja-Tamm
Stockholm University
20
lexical stability
20
semantic change
20
semantic system predicative
20
Slavic
20
temperature
01
The chapter compares the temperature adjectives (‘hot’, ‘cold’ etc.) across Slavic against a broader typological background. The comparison targets both the <i>systems as a whole</i> and the <i>forms</i> involved in them. The main questions are how (dis)similar the temperature systems of closely related languages can be, and what is stable vs. changeable in the temperature terms of closely related languages. Slavic languages show substantial cross-linguistic variation in their systems (ranging from two to four main temperature values), while on the whole confirming several earlier tentative generalizations in Koptjevskaja-Tamm (2015). The temperature terms themselves differ in stability, both in meaning and in form (with ‘warm’ being the most stable term on both counts), even though most of them are traceable to proto-Slavic and even to proto-Indo-European.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.09kho
269
288
20
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 9. Lexical typology of Mandarin Chinese qualitative features
1
A01
Liliya Kholkina
Kholkina, Liliya
Liliya
Kholkina
Russian State University for the Humanities
20
hard
20
heavy
20
lexicography
20
Mandarin Chinese
20
smooth
20
synonyms
01
The chapter analyses the quality terms of Mandarin Chinese which belong to the semantic domains of <sc>heavy</sc> and <sc>hard</sc>, as well as to the subdomains of surface texture (<sc>slippery, smooth</sc>, and <sc>level</sc>). We argue that the evidence from Mandarin Chinese accords with the larger typological picture which has been gleaned from languages that are areally and genetically distant from Chinese. This similarity is firstly observed in the literal meanings, which are discussed below for the subdomains of <sc>slippery, smooth</sc>, and <sc>level</sc>. Furthermore, the Mandarin data supports the existence of stable links between literal and figurative meanings. With data from the <sc>hard</sc> domain, we show that the oppositions between the lexemes’ literal meanings determine the results of their semantic shifts. Next, we examine evidence from the <sc>heavy</sc> domain to demonstrate that a reverse analysis can be applied to predict differences in literal meanings from the differences in metaphoric uses. The concluding sections of the chapter discuss how lexico-typological data can contribute to Chinese lexicology in general.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.10kyu
289
308
20
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 10. The qualitative lexicon in Russian Sign Language from a typological perspective
1
A01
Maria Kyuseva
Kyuseva, Maria
Maria
Kyuseva
University of Surrey
20
lexical typology
20
physical qualities
20
RSL
20
Russian Sign Language
20
sign language lexicon
01
The paper describes several expressions of physical qualities (namely, <sc>sharp, blunt, old, thick-wide</sc>, and <sc>thin-narrow</sc>) in Russian Sign Language (RSL) from a lexical typological perspective. This is the first study to analyse a sign language from the standpoint of the MLexT framework. The results show that RSL structures the aforementioned domains on the same grounds as spoken languages. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that lexical systems are cognitively motivated. At the same time, RSL exhibits a number of non-trivial lexicalization strategies, which are not accidental but can be explained by the fact that this language is produced in the visual modality.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.11ryz
309
328
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 11. Constructing a typological questionnaire with distributional semantic models
1
A01
Daria Ryzhova
Ryzhova, Daria
Daria
Ryzhova
HSE University
2
A01
Denis Paperno
Paperno, Denis
Denis
Paperno
Utrecht University
20
distributional semantic models
20
lexical typology
20
physical qualities
20
questionnaire
01
The paper presents a methodology for automatic construction of lexical typological questionnaires for qualitative semantic domains (e.g. <sc>sharp, straight, thick</sc>, or <sc>smooth</sc>). Our algorithm is based on data from a monolingual corpus; it constructs a list of collocations for the corresponding lexemes, computes a vector representation for every collocation, clusters the vector space into semantically homogeneous groups and extracts the three central elements from every cluster. We compare the resulting questionnaires against test data from the semantic domains that are already well studied manually. The algorithm demonstrates high quality results and can be used in the practice of lexical typological research.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.li
329
332
4
Miscellaneous
12
01
Language index
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.si
333
339
7
Miscellaneous
13
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20220525
2022
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027210920
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
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WORLD
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EUR
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GBP
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158.00
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S
855015796
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
TSL 133 Hb
15
9789027210920
13
2021059066
BB
01
TSL
02
0167-7373
Typological Studies in Language
133
01
The Typology of Physical Qualities
The
Typology of Physical Qualities
01
tsl.133
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.133
1
B01
Ekaterina Rakhilina
Rakhilina, Ekaterina
Ekaterina
Rakhilina
HSE University, Moscow / Vinogradov Russian language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2
B01
Tatiana Reznikova
Reznikova, Tatiana
Tatiana
Reznikova
HSE University, Moscow
3
B01
Daria Ryzhova
Ryzhova, Daria
Daria
Ryzhova
HSE University, Moscow
01
eng
345
vi
339
LAN016000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.TYP
Typology
06
01
What is it like? – This is often the first question we ask about any object, and it is typically answered with adjectives: <i>old, smooth, pointed, narrow</i>, etc. Characteristics of things around us is a fundamental aspect of how we conceptualize the physical world, regardless of when or where we live – and regardless of our language. Despite this, the vocabulary of physical qualities has received comparatively little attention in lexical typology: most research so far has focused on verbs and the actions they express.<br />This volume presents a lexico-typological study of several domains of physical qualities: ‘sharp’/‘blunt’, ‘wet’, ‘empty’/‘full’, ‘old’, as well as dimensions temperature and surface texture. It discusses several theoretical issues including intragenetic language sampling, the possibility of signed vs. spoken language comparison at the lexicon level, and the potential of applying computational models of distributional semantics to lexical typology. <br />The book will be of interest to linguists with a focus on typology, general and lexical semantics, to lexicographers, and to language students and teachers.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/tsl.133.png
04
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027210920.jpg
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10
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JB code
tsl.133.01rak
1
28
28
Chapter
1
01
Chapter 1. Introduction
The frame-based approach to the typology of qualities
1
A01
Ekaterina Rakhilina
Rakhilina, Ekaterina
Ekaterina
Rakhilina
HSE University/V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
2
A01
Tatiana Reznikova
Reznikova, Tatiana
Tatiana
Reznikova
HSE University
20
evaluation
20
frame
20
lexical typology
20
metaphor
20
perception
20
physical qualities
01
The chapter outlines the goals of our project, points out the aspects that distinguish the vocabulary of qualities from other lexical domains, when viewed from a typological perspective, and introduces the methods of data collection and analysis we use in this project and in other related studies. It goes on to discuss the semantic parameters that motivate the lexical oppositions in various qualitative domains.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.02kyu
29
56
28
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 2. Methodology at work
Semantic fields <sc>sharp</sc> and <sc>blunt</sc>
1
A01
Maria Kyuseva
Kyuseva, Maria
Maria
Kyuseva
University of Surrey
2
A01
Elena Parina
Parina, Elena
Elena
Parina
Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences/Philipps-Universität Marburg
3
A01
Daria Ryzhova
Ryzhova, Daria
Daria
Ryzhova
HSE University
20
frame-based approach
20
lexical typology
20
metaphors
20
physical qualities
20
semantic maps
20
sharp, blunt
01
The chapter illustrates the frame-based methodology of lexical typological analysis through the comparison of the qualities <sc>sharp</sc> and <sc>blunt</sc> in 21 languages. We show that these qualities tend to be asymmetrical, with bluntness being negatively defined through sharpness. The two main oppositions found in the field are (1) the shape of a sharp object, and (2) the sense through which the quality is primarily experienced. The first opposition divides all objects into bladed (knives, etc.) and pointed (needles, etc.) ones; the second opposition contrasts touch with vision, and it further translates to the juxtaposition of function (<i>sharp/blunt instruments</i>, etc.) vs. shape (<i>pointed/rounded features</i>, etc.). We also find that these oppositions determine the semantic shifts developed by words denoting sharpness or bluntness and that the metaphoric patterns are consistent across languages.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.03rez
57
78
22
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 3. A matter of degree?
The domain of wetness in a typological perspective
1
A01
Tatiana Reznikova
Reznikova, Tatiana
Tatiana
Reznikova
HSE University
2
A01
Anna Panina
Panina, Anna
Anna
Panina
Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
3
A01
Victoriya Kruglyakova
Kruglyakova, Victoriya
Victoriya
Kruglyakova
RANEPA
20
lexical typology
20
physical qualities
20
semantics of degree
20
wetness
01
The article studies the domain of wetness in 20 languages. In many of them the domain features two main words (e.g. German <i>nass, feucht</i>; Mongolian <i>nojton, čijgleg</i>; Moksha <i>načkə, l’et’kə</i>) and the difference between them tends to be described in terms of degree, i.e. ‘intensely’ versus ‘slightly wet’. Typological analysis shows that in each case the degree of humidity receives a specific interpretation depending on the noun that is being modified, so that the choice of a particular synonym is based not simply on the quantity of the fluid, but on the situation as a whole (including the source of moisture, intentional versus non-intentional event, etc.). We also discuss the additional factors relevant to the domain in the languages that have more than two words in it, that is, the additional words with a positive or a negative connotation, or moisture from contact with a liquid versus moisture absorbed from humid air.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.04pan
79
116
38
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 4. Quality as a two-place predicate
The typology of <sc>full</sc> and <sc>empty</sc>
1
A01
Anna Panina
Panina, Anna
Anna
Panina
Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
2
A01
Maria Tagabileva
Tagabileva, Maria
Maria
Tagabileva
Independent researcher
20
container
20
empty
20
full
20
lexical typology
20
qualitative adjectives
01
This chapter presents a typological description of the semantic domains <sc>empty</sc> and <sc>full</sc>. While the majority of other predicates of physical qualities have a single argument (the qualified object), the situations of fullness and emptiness imply two arguments – the container and the contents. Such argument structure influences the syntax of the predicates of fullness and emptiness and, to some extent, the oppositions within these domains. In this paper, <sc>empty</sc> and <sc>full</sc> are examined in relation to <sc>clean, bare, solid</sc> and several other adjacent semantic domains, with particular attention being given to metaphors and semantic extensions.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.05koz
117
160
44
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 5. Typology of dimensions
1
A01
Alexey Kozlov
Kozlov, Alexey
Alexey
Kozlov
HSE University
2
A01
Maria Privizentseva
Privizentseva, Maria
Maria
Privizentseva
Leipzig University
20
dimensional terms
20
lexical typology
20
semantic maps
20
spatial expressions
01
The paper focuses on the lexical typology of dimensional terms such as English <i>long</i>, <i>deep</i>, <i>wide</i>, etc. Compared to other semantic fields, this one is relatively well-studied; however, the present study is the first to approach it from the modern typological point of view. We propose a semantic map of dimensional terms, which outlines the possible and impossible colexification patterns in the domain. However, other regularities appear likely to exist, which cannot be captured by the model of semantic mapping. We discuss the potential restrictions on colexifications, and suggest explanations for them.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.06kas
161
188
28
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 6. The domain of surface texture
1
A01
Egor Kashkin
Kashkin, Egor
Egor
Kashkin
V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute,
2
A01
Olga Vinogradova
Vinogradova, Olga
Olga
Vinogradova
HSE University
20
corpus research
20
intragenetic typology
20
lexical typology
20
metaphoric shift
20
Uralic languages
01
The paper deals with the typology of surface texture expressions, such as <i>
<b>slippery</b> road, <b>smooth</b> wooden board, <b>rough</b> hands, <b>coarse</b>
</i> or <i>
<b>rough</b> fabric</i>. We discuss both their literal uses and metaphors formed with them, such as <i>
<b>slippery</b> person, <b>smooth</b> speech, <b>rugged</b> captain</i>. Our language sample includes 10 Uralic languages (Finnish, Estonian, Meadow Mari, Erzya, Moksha, Udmurt, Komi-Zyrjan, Hungarian, Khanty, Nenets), as well as 5 languages from other families (Russian, English, Spanish, Chinese, and Korean). The categorisation includes primarily a division into visually perceived surfaces and surfaces perceived through physical contact. We discuss in what ways the antonymic areas under observation are asymmetrical in their semantics and combinability. One more focus is on evaluating variation in the texture lexicon in genetically related languages in comparison with its variation across a broader sample of languages.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.07vyr
189
214
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 7. A new approach to <sc>old</sc> studies
1
A01
Anastasia Vyrenkova
Vyrenkova, Anastasia
Anastasia
Vyrenkova
HSE University
2
A01
Ekaterina Rakhilina
Rakhilina, Ekaterina
Ekaterina
Rakhilina
HSE University/V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
3
A01
Boris Orekhov
Orekhov, Boris
Boris
Orekhov
HSE University
20
lexical typology
20
qualitative adjectives
20
semantic maps
20
semantics of oldness
01
This chapter gives a description of the <sc>old</sc> terms typology across 78 world languages. The sample size in the research is relatively big, as compared to the other studies in this volume, which is attributable to two main reasons: the semantics of <sc>old</sc> terms has already been thoroughly described for at least two languages – English and Russian – and the lexemes with this meaning are in most cases featured by bilingual dictionaries. On the basis of the dictionary data supported by additional expertise we propose a semantic map of the OLD domain. The paper also outlines some cross-linguistically recurrent colexification patterns and addresses the specificity of homonymous combinations of <sc>old</sc> attributes with different semantic classes of nouns.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.08kop
215
268
54
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 8. Talking temperature with close relatives
Semantic systems across Slavic languages
1
A01
Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm
Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
Maria
Koptjevskaja-Tamm
Stockholm University
20
lexical stability
20
semantic change
20
semantic system predicative
20
Slavic
20
temperature
01
The chapter compares the temperature adjectives (‘hot’, ‘cold’ etc.) across Slavic against a broader typological background. The comparison targets both the <i>systems as a whole</i> and the <i>forms</i> involved in them. The main questions are how (dis)similar the temperature systems of closely related languages can be, and what is stable vs. changeable in the temperature terms of closely related languages. Slavic languages show substantial cross-linguistic variation in their systems (ranging from two to four main temperature values), while on the whole confirming several earlier tentative generalizations in Koptjevskaja-Tamm (2015). The temperature terms themselves differ in stability, both in meaning and in form (with ‘warm’ being the most stable term on both counts), even though most of them are traceable to proto-Slavic and even to proto-Indo-European.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.09kho
269
288
20
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 9. Lexical typology of Mandarin Chinese qualitative features
1
A01
Liliya Kholkina
Kholkina, Liliya
Liliya
Kholkina
Russian State University for the Humanities
20
hard
20
heavy
20
lexicography
20
Mandarin Chinese
20
smooth
20
synonyms
01
The chapter analyses the quality terms of Mandarin Chinese which belong to the semantic domains of <sc>heavy</sc> and <sc>hard</sc>, as well as to the subdomains of surface texture (<sc>slippery, smooth</sc>, and <sc>level</sc>). We argue that the evidence from Mandarin Chinese accords with the larger typological picture which has been gleaned from languages that are areally and genetically distant from Chinese. This similarity is firstly observed in the literal meanings, which are discussed below for the subdomains of <sc>slippery, smooth</sc>, and <sc>level</sc>. Furthermore, the Mandarin data supports the existence of stable links between literal and figurative meanings. With data from the <sc>hard</sc> domain, we show that the oppositions between the lexemes’ literal meanings determine the results of their semantic shifts. Next, we examine evidence from the <sc>heavy</sc> domain to demonstrate that a reverse analysis can be applied to predict differences in literal meanings from the differences in metaphoric uses. The concluding sections of the chapter discuss how lexico-typological data can contribute to Chinese lexicology in general.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.10kyu
289
308
20
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 10. The qualitative lexicon in Russian Sign Language from a typological perspective
1
A01
Maria Kyuseva
Kyuseva, Maria
Maria
Kyuseva
University of Surrey
20
lexical typology
20
physical qualities
20
RSL
20
Russian Sign Language
20
sign language lexicon
01
The paper describes several expressions of physical qualities (namely, <sc>sharp, blunt, old, thick-wide</sc>, and <sc>thin-narrow</sc>) in Russian Sign Language (RSL) from a lexical typological perspective. This is the first study to analyse a sign language from the standpoint of the MLexT framework. The results show that RSL structures the aforementioned domains on the same grounds as spoken languages. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that lexical systems are cognitively motivated. At the same time, RSL exhibits a number of non-trivial lexicalization strategies, which are not accidental but can be explained by the fact that this language is produced in the visual modality.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.11ryz
309
328
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 11. Constructing a typological questionnaire with distributional semantic models
1
A01
Daria Ryzhova
Ryzhova, Daria
Daria
Ryzhova
HSE University
2
A01
Denis Paperno
Paperno, Denis
Denis
Paperno
Utrecht University
20
distributional semantic models
20
lexical typology
20
physical qualities
20
questionnaire
01
The paper presents a methodology for automatic construction of lexical typological questionnaires for qualitative semantic domains (e.g. <sc>sharp, straight, thick</sc>, or <sc>smooth</sc>). Our algorithm is based on data from a monolingual corpus; it constructs a list of collocations for the corresponding lexemes, computes a vector representation for every collocation, clusters the vector space into semantically homogeneous groups and extracts the three central elements from every cluster. We compare the resulting questionnaires against test data from the semantic domains that are already well studied manually. The algorithm demonstrates high quality results and can be used in the practice of lexical typological research.
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.li
329
332
4
Miscellaneous
12
01
Language index
10
01
JB code
tsl.133.si
333
339
7
Miscellaneous
13
01
Subject index
02
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