369011335 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code VEAW G51 Hb 15 9789027249111 06 10.1075/veaw.g51 13 2014042648 00 BB 08 515 gr 10 01 JB code VEAW 02 0172-7362 02 51.00 01 02 Varieties of English Around the World Varieties of English Around the World 01 01 Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 B01 01 JB code 436184145 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod Université de Picardie Jules Verne / Universität Bielefeld 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/436184145 01 eng 11 206 03 03 xv 03 00 191 03 01 23 427/.9729844 03 2015 PM7874.S35 04 Creole dialects, English--Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. 10 LAN009000 12 CF/2AB 24 JB code LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB code LIN.CREO Creole studies 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 This collection is a pioneer study of linguistic phenomena in St Vincent and the Grenadines, written by scholars who are both respected in their field of research and connected to the linguistic realities in the geographic area under investigation. 03 00 This collection is a pioneer study of linguistic phenomena in St Vincent and the Grenadines, written by scholars who are both respected in their field of research and connected to the linguistic realities in the geographic area under investigation. This book covers the subfields of sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, ethnography, historical linguistics and syntax. It concentrates on mainland St Vincent and the Grenadine island of Bequia. The volume will appeal to a broad audience including not just specialists in linguistics but also teacher trainers and educators. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/veaw.g51.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027249111.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027249111.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/veaw.g51.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/veaw.g51.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/veaw.g51.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/veaw.g51.hb.png 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.001ack 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.001ack ix x 2 Article 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.002int 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.002int xi xvi 6 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.01pre 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.01pre 1 44 44 Article 3 01 04 Sociohistorical and linguistic account of St Vincent and the Grenadines Sociohistorical and linguistic account of St Vincent and the Grenadines 1 A01 01 JB code 713229409 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/713229409 2 A01 01 JB code 17229410 Adrian Fraser Fraser, Adrian Adrian Fraser 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/17229410 01 eng 03 00 This chapter presents a settlement history of St Vincent and the Grenadines, the demographic composition of the islands at transitional periods in their history and the ethnolinguistic origins of the settlers. We show that a great proportion of the African linguistic heritage has been lost and that, throughout the centuries, a number of linguistic elements of Africans brought to the islands have been incorporated into other language varieties as a result of contact, leaving lexical and structural traces of the Africans’ ancestral languages. We also establish that the Carib, Madeiran and Indian descendants have lost or given up the languages of their ancestors. We explore some sociohistorical events that have given rise to this present linguistic state of affairs and highlight some early and modern-day lexical, phonological and grammatical features of Vincentian language.* Keywords: St Vincent and the Grenadines; ethnolinguistic origins; demographic composition; phonology; lexicon; grammar 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.02dal 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.02dal 45 66 22 Article 4 01 04 The fate of the local in light of the global The fate of the local in light of the global 01 04 Analysis of variation in the use of preverbal markers in Bequia Creole Analysis of variation in the use of preverbal markers in Bequia Creole 1 A01 01 JB code 291229411 Agata Daleszynska-Slater Daleszynska-Slater, Agata Agata Daleszynska-Slater 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/291229411 01 eng 03 00 This paper investigates variation in the use of past tense preverbal markers bin and did by two generations of speakers in Bequia. Preverbal markers have been characterised as socially stigmatised indexing rural dialects, speakers’ lower socioeconomic status, or older age. Results of the quantitative multivariate analysis in two of the Bequia communities, Hamilton and Paget Farm, point to differences in the use of bin between older and younger speakers showing that adolescents in Paget Farm have recycled the form and are using it significantly more than their grandparents, as well as their peers in Hamilton. I suggest that the increase of preverbal bin in Paget Farm can be considered as a response of adolescents in this community to the recent socio-economic transformations on the island. I argue that the new socio-economic landscape has led to a change in the social meaning of bin from a stigmatised rural form to a marker of local authenticity. This is important considering the social and linguistic judgements surrounding this community which is assigned little symbolic power according to the socio-economic criteria which usually constitute the linguistic marketplace. The study demonstrates that to interpret the patterns of variation between creole and standard variants the effects of globalising processes need to be considered next to local ideologies. Keywords: social meaning of variation; tense marking; language and identity; globalisation 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.03mey 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.03mey 67 86 20 Article 5 01 04 Subject and object pronoun use in Bequia (St Vincent and the Grenadines) Subject and object pronoun use in Bequia (St Vincent and the Grenadines) 1 A01 01 JB code 529229412 Miriam Meyerhoff Meyerhoff, Miriam Miriam Meyerhoff 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/529229412 2 A01 01 JB code 750229413 James A. Walker Walker, James A. James A. Walker 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/750229413 01 eng 03 00 This chapter examines the use of pronouns in Bequia English, considering the quantitative distribution of subject and non-subject pronoun forms in subject and object position in the spontaneous speech of 18 speakers from three villages. We contrast the case-based Standard English pronominal system with a system in which pronoun forms are not distinguished in subject and object. While some dialects of British English exhibit “pronoun exchange” similar to the patterns found in Caribbean English, the distribution in Bequia more clearly reflects norms attested in the Caribbean since the late 18th century, rather than that of English dialects. Quantitative analysis shows that the distribution of nonstandard subject and non-subject pronouns is to a large extent correlated and that co-occurrence patterns, while largely idiosyncratic, show some tendency to differentiate villages on the island.* Keywords: variation; pronouns; Bequia; quantitative sociolinguistics 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.04for 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.04for 87 112 26 Article 6 01 04 "A she gi me words; well me gi she back de change" “A she gi me words; well me gi she back de change” 01 04 The reframing of stigmatized talk by everyday women-of-words in St Vincent The reframing of stigmatized talk by everyday women-of-words in St Vincent 1 A01 01 JB code 36229414 Elizabeth Fortenbery Fortenbery, Elizabeth Elizabeth Fortenbery 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/36229414 01 eng 03 00 The poetic and strategic use of language by women in rural St Vincent is explored. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in 1992–1993 and 1998 in three leeward villages, the author offers examples of women using their verbal skills to reframe instances of stigmatized talk as part of their reputation-management. Women’s speech practices are shaped in part by a verbal aesthetic and sensitivity to voice that is noticeable in St Vincent. Their speech practices are also shaped by an ideology that stigmatizes certain speech genres as low-minded, yet which also stereotypes those genres as women’s genres. Finally, women’s speech practices are shaped by an ideology that “respectable” women should limit their public visibility. This is a challenge for women who must be more publicly visible in order to access the support networks beyond their houses/yards. But these ideological constraints also create the conditions for some very creative use of language. Some women are able to reframe stigmatized talk as acceptable talk by exploiting the somewhat ambiguous boundary between speech genres. Their verbal artistry is an important resource in this protection of reputation. Keywords: women and language strategies; reframing; stigmatized talk; reputation; gender stereotype 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.05avr 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.05avr 113 140 28 Article 7 01 04 The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages 01 04 Vincentian Vincentian 1 A01 01 JB code 382229415 Andrei A. Avram Avram, Andrei A. Andrei A. Avram 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/382229415 01 eng 03 00 Drawing on both historical and contemporary data, this paper presents the attestations in Vincentian of the diagnostic features of English-lexified contact languages proposed by Baker & Huber (2001). This is followed by a comparison of the distribution of these features in Vincentian and in the seven Atlantic English-lexified Pidgins and Creoles considered by Baker & Huber (2001), and the quantification of the affinities of Vincentian with Antiguan, Bajan and Kittitian. A number of selected diagnostic features recorded in Vincentian are discussed in terms of their origin, relevance to the split between Western and Eastern Caribbean Creoles, and world-wide distribution. Keywords: English-lexified Creoles; diagnostic features; origin; classification; Atlantic; Western vs Eastern Caribbean; world-wide 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.06pre 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.06pre 141 164 24 Article 8 01 04 Creole reflexes of do Creole reflexes of do 01 04 Zeroing in on tense, aspect and modality in Vincentian Creole Zeroing in on tense, aspect and modality in Vincentian Creole 1 A01 01 JB code 615229416 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/615229416 01 eng 03 00 After providing a brief description of du ‘do’, duhz ‘does’, and did ‘did’, the functions of duhn ‘done’ in Vincentian Creole are analysed. While some duhn uses illustrate an aspectual function reminiscent of the completive semantics of English ‘done’, Vincentian duhn cannot be accounted for as a simple marker of completive aspect. In fact, only its combination with dynamic verbs affords it the completive reading. Drawing on the intricate interplay of temporal, aspectual and modality properties observed, the study contends that the semantic characteristics of the verbs which this morpheme combines with significantly condition their interpretation and that the choice of duhn allows speakers to focus on entry into states or events or continuative aspect depending on predicate types. Furthermore, it is shown that speakers of Vincentian Creole did not randomly create new functional markers. Instead, linguistic elements which were already at work in other linguistic systems the speakers were in contact with were transferred into new linguistic systems and restructured. Essentially, these “borrowed” morphemes lent themselves to semantic and functional transfers. Keywords: completive; habitual and inceptive aspect; continuative; aspectual closure; stative and dynamic verbs; Vincentian creole 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.07cro 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.07cro 165 180 16 Article 9 01 04 Languages in St Vincent and the Grenadines Languages in St Vincent and the Grenadines 01 04 An annotated bibliography An annotated bibliography 1 A01 01 JB code 934229417 Donna E. Cromer Cromer, Donna E. Donna E. Cromer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/934229417 01 eng 03 00 Languages of the Caribbean are fascinating and have been studied extensively. It is a particularly fertile ground for the study of pidgins and creoles and the interplay of language and culture and society. However, the languages of St Vincent and the Grenadines have not received the comprehensive attention they deserve. Because the work accomplished has been published in a wide variety of sources the literature is difficult to locate. Despite the existence of Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (the primary bibliographic resource in the field of linguistics) the linguistics literature is often found in other sources. In addition, the literature of the subfield of pidgins and creoles is even more scattered and harder to find. There is no comprehensive compilation of literature on the languages of St Vincent & the Grenadines. The classic A bibliography of pidgin and creole languages (Reinecke, John E. et al. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1975) has never been updated. Keywords: creoles; language contact; varieties of English; bibliography 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.08bio 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.08bio 181 182 2 Article 10 01 04 Biographical notes on the contributors Biographical notes on the contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.09sub 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.09sub 183 188 6 Article 11 01 04 Subject, Language and Place Index Subject, Language and Place Index 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.10aut 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.10aut 189 192 4 Article 12 01 04 Name Index Name Index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/veaw.g51 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20150212 C 2015 John Benjamins D 2015 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 24 26 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 95.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 24 26 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 143.00 USD 453011336 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code VEAW G51 Eb 15 9789027269003 06 10.1075/veaw.g51 13 2014045078 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code VEAW 02 0172-7362 02 51.00 01 02 Varieties of English Around the World Varieties of English Around the World 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-veaw 01 02 Varieties of English Around the World (vols. G1–55, T1–9,1979–2015) 05 02 VEAW (vols. G1–55, T1–9,1979–2015) 01 01 Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 B01 01 JB code 436184145 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod Université de Picardie Jules Verne / Universität Bielefeld 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/436184145 01 eng 11 206 03 03 xv 03 00 191 03 01 23 427/.9729844 03 2015 PM7874.S35 04 Creole dialects, English--Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. 10 LAN009000 12 CF/2AB 24 JB code LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB code LIN.CREO Creole studies 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 This collection is a pioneer study of linguistic phenomena in St Vincent and the Grenadines, written by scholars who are both respected in their field of research and connected to the linguistic realities in the geographic area under investigation. 03 00 This collection is a pioneer study of linguistic phenomena in St Vincent and the Grenadines, written by scholars who are both respected in their field of research and connected to the linguistic realities in the geographic area under investigation. This book covers the subfields of sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, ethnography, historical linguistics and syntax. It concentrates on mainland St Vincent and the Grenadine island of Bequia. The volume will appeal to a broad audience including not just specialists in linguistics but also teacher trainers and educators. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/veaw.g51.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027249111.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027249111.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/veaw.g51.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/veaw.g51.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/veaw.g51.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/veaw.g51.hb.png 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.001ack 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.001ack ix x 2 Article 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.002int 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.002int xi xvi 6 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.01pre 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.01pre 1 44 44 Article 3 01 04 Sociohistorical and linguistic account of St Vincent and the Grenadines Sociohistorical and linguistic account of St Vincent and the Grenadines 1 A01 01 JB code 713229409 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/713229409 2 A01 01 JB code 17229410 Adrian Fraser Fraser, Adrian Adrian Fraser 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/17229410 01 eng 03 00 This chapter presents a settlement history of St Vincent and the Grenadines, the demographic composition of the islands at transitional periods in their history and the ethnolinguistic origins of the settlers. We show that a great proportion of the African linguistic heritage has been lost and that, throughout the centuries, a number of linguistic elements of Africans brought to the islands have been incorporated into other language varieties as a result of contact, leaving lexical and structural traces of the Africans’ ancestral languages. We also establish that the Carib, Madeiran and Indian descendants have lost or given up the languages of their ancestors. We explore some sociohistorical events that have given rise to this present linguistic state of affairs and highlight some early and modern-day lexical, phonological and grammatical features of Vincentian language.* Keywords: St Vincent and the Grenadines; ethnolinguistic origins; demographic composition; phonology; lexicon; grammar 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.02dal 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.02dal 45 66 22 Article 4 01 04 The fate of the local in light of the global The fate of the local in light of the global 01 04 Analysis of variation in the use of preverbal markers in Bequia Creole Analysis of variation in the use of preverbal markers in Bequia Creole 1 A01 01 JB code 291229411 Agata Daleszynska-Slater Daleszynska-Slater, Agata Agata Daleszynska-Slater 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/291229411 01 eng 03 00 This paper investigates variation in the use of past tense preverbal markers bin and did by two generations of speakers in Bequia. Preverbal markers have been characterised as socially stigmatised indexing rural dialects, speakers’ lower socioeconomic status, or older age. Results of the quantitative multivariate analysis in two of the Bequia communities, Hamilton and Paget Farm, point to differences in the use of bin between older and younger speakers showing that adolescents in Paget Farm have recycled the form and are using it significantly more than their grandparents, as well as their peers in Hamilton. I suggest that the increase of preverbal bin in Paget Farm can be considered as a response of adolescents in this community to the recent socio-economic transformations on the island. I argue that the new socio-economic landscape has led to a change in the social meaning of bin from a stigmatised rural form to a marker of local authenticity. This is important considering the social and linguistic judgements surrounding this community which is assigned little symbolic power according to the socio-economic criteria which usually constitute the linguistic marketplace. The study demonstrates that to interpret the patterns of variation between creole and standard variants the effects of globalising processes need to be considered next to local ideologies. Keywords: social meaning of variation; tense marking; language and identity; globalisation 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.03mey 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.03mey 67 86 20 Article 5 01 04 Subject and object pronoun use in Bequia (St Vincent and the Grenadines) Subject and object pronoun use in Bequia (St Vincent and the Grenadines) 1 A01 01 JB code 529229412 Miriam Meyerhoff Meyerhoff, Miriam Miriam Meyerhoff 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/529229412 2 A01 01 JB code 750229413 James A. Walker Walker, James A. James A. Walker 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/750229413 01 eng 03 00 This chapter examines the use of pronouns in Bequia English, considering the quantitative distribution of subject and non-subject pronoun forms in subject and object position in the spontaneous speech of 18 speakers from three villages. We contrast the case-based Standard English pronominal system with a system in which pronoun forms are not distinguished in subject and object. While some dialects of British English exhibit “pronoun exchange” similar to the patterns found in Caribbean English, the distribution in Bequia more clearly reflects norms attested in the Caribbean since the late 18th century, rather than that of English dialects. Quantitative analysis shows that the distribution of nonstandard subject and non-subject pronouns is to a large extent correlated and that co-occurrence patterns, while largely idiosyncratic, show some tendency to differentiate villages on the island.* Keywords: variation; pronouns; Bequia; quantitative sociolinguistics 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.04for 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.04for 87 112 26 Article 6 01 04 "A she gi me words; well me gi she back de change" “A she gi me words; well me gi she back de change” 01 04 The reframing of stigmatized talk by everyday women-of-words in St Vincent The reframing of stigmatized talk by everyday women-of-words in St Vincent 1 A01 01 JB code 36229414 Elizabeth Fortenbery Fortenbery, Elizabeth Elizabeth Fortenbery 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/36229414 01 eng 03 00 The poetic and strategic use of language by women in rural St Vincent is explored. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in 1992–1993 and 1998 in three leeward villages, the author offers examples of women using their verbal skills to reframe instances of stigmatized talk as part of their reputation-management. Women’s speech practices are shaped in part by a verbal aesthetic and sensitivity to voice that is noticeable in St Vincent. Their speech practices are also shaped by an ideology that stigmatizes certain speech genres as low-minded, yet which also stereotypes those genres as women’s genres. Finally, women’s speech practices are shaped by an ideology that “respectable” women should limit their public visibility. This is a challenge for women who must be more publicly visible in order to access the support networks beyond their houses/yards. But these ideological constraints also create the conditions for some very creative use of language. Some women are able to reframe stigmatized talk as acceptable talk by exploiting the somewhat ambiguous boundary between speech genres. Their verbal artistry is an important resource in this protection of reputation. Keywords: women and language strategies; reframing; stigmatized talk; reputation; gender stereotype 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.05avr 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.05avr 113 140 28 Article 7 01 04 The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages 01 04 Vincentian Vincentian 1 A01 01 JB code 382229415 Andrei A. Avram Avram, Andrei A. Andrei A. Avram 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/382229415 01 eng 03 00 Drawing on both historical and contemporary data, this paper presents the attestations in Vincentian of the diagnostic features of English-lexified contact languages proposed by Baker & Huber (2001). This is followed by a comparison of the distribution of these features in Vincentian and in the seven Atlantic English-lexified Pidgins and Creoles considered by Baker & Huber (2001), and the quantification of the affinities of Vincentian with Antiguan, Bajan and Kittitian. A number of selected diagnostic features recorded in Vincentian are discussed in terms of their origin, relevance to the split between Western and Eastern Caribbean Creoles, and world-wide distribution. Keywords: English-lexified Creoles; diagnostic features; origin; classification; Atlantic; Western vs Eastern Caribbean; world-wide 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.06pre 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.06pre 141 164 24 Article 8 01 04 Creole reflexes of do Creole reflexes of do 01 04 Zeroing in on tense, aspect and modality in Vincentian Creole Zeroing in on tense, aspect and modality in Vincentian Creole 1 A01 01 JB code 615229416 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/615229416 01 eng 03 00 After providing a brief description of du ‘do’, duhz ‘does’, and did ‘did’, the functions of duhn ‘done’ in Vincentian Creole are analysed. While some duhn uses illustrate an aspectual function reminiscent of the completive semantics of English ‘done’, Vincentian duhn cannot be accounted for as a simple marker of completive aspect. In fact, only its combination with dynamic verbs affords it the completive reading. Drawing on the intricate interplay of temporal, aspectual and modality properties observed, the study contends that the semantic characteristics of the verbs which this morpheme combines with significantly condition their interpretation and that the choice of duhn allows speakers to focus on entry into states or events or continuative aspect depending on predicate types. Furthermore, it is shown that speakers of Vincentian Creole did not randomly create new functional markers. Instead, linguistic elements which were already at work in other linguistic systems the speakers were in contact with were transferred into new linguistic systems and restructured. Essentially, these “borrowed” morphemes lent themselves to semantic and functional transfers. Keywords: completive; habitual and inceptive aspect; continuative; aspectual closure; stative and dynamic verbs; Vincentian creole 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.07cro 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.07cro 165 180 16 Article 9 01 04 Languages in St Vincent and the Grenadines Languages in St Vincent and the Grenadines 01 04 An annotated bibliography An annotated bibliography 1 A01 01 JB code 934229417 Donna E. Cromer Cromer, Donna E. Donna E. Cromer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/934229417 01 eng 03 00 Languages of the Caribbean are fascinating and have been studied extensively. It is a particularly fertile ground for the study of pidgins and creoles and the interplay of language and culture and society. However, the languages of St Vincent and the Grenadines have not received the comprehensive attention they deserve. Because the work accomplished has been published in a wide variety of sources the literature is difficult to locate. Despite the existence of Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (the primary bibliographic resource in the field of linguistics) the linguistics literature is often found in other sources. In addition, the literature of the subfield of pidgins and creoles is even more scattered and harder to find. There is no comprehensive compilation of literature on the languages of St Vincent & the Grenadines. The classic A bibliography of pidgin and creole languages (Reinecke, John E. et al. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1975) has never been updated. Keywords: creoles; language contact; varieties of English; bibliography 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.08bio 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.08bio 181 182 2 Article 10 01 04 Biographical notes on the contributors Biographical notes on the contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.09sub 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.09sub 183 188 6 Article 11 01 04 Subject, Language and Place Index Subject, Language and Place Index 01 eng 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.10aut 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.10aut 189 192 4 Article 12 01 04 Name Index Name Index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/veaw.g51 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20150212 C 2015 John Benjamins D 2015 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027249111 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027269003 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 143.00 USD 967015999 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code VEAW G51 GE 15 9789027269003 06 10.1075/veaw.g51 13 2014045078 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code VEAW 02 JB code 0172-7362 02 51.00 01 02 Varieties of English Around the World Varieties of English Around the World 01 01 Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 B01 01 JB code 436184145 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod Université de Picardie Jules Verne / Universität Bielefeld 01 eng 11 206 03 03 xv 03 00 191 03 24 JB code LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB code LIN.CREO Creole studies 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009000 12 CF/2AB 01 06 02 00 This collection is a pioneer study of linguistic phenomena in St Vincent and the Grenadines, written by scholars who are both respected in their field of research and connected to the linguistic realities in the geographic area under investigation. 03 00 This collection is a pioneer study of linguistic phenomena in St Vincent and the Grenadines, written by scholars who are both respected in their field of research and connected to the linguistic realities in the geographic area under investigation. This book covers the subfields of sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, ethnography, historical linguistics and syntax. It concentrates on mainland St Vincent and the Grenadine island of Bequia. The volume will appeal to a broad audience including not just specialists in linguistics but also teacher trainers and educators. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/veaw.g51.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027249111.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027249111.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/veaw.g51.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/veaw.g51.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/veaw.g51.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/veaw.g51.hb.png 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.001ack 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.001ack ix x 2 Article 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.002int 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.002int xi xvi 6 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.01pre 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.01pre 1 44 44 Article 3 01 04 Sociohistorical and linguistic account of St Vincent and the Grenadines Sociohistorical and linguistic account of St Vincent and the Grenadines 1 A01 01 JB code 713229409 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod 2 A01 01 JB code 17229410 Adrian Fraser Fraser, Adrian Adrian Fraser 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.02dal 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.02dal 45 66 22 Article 4 01 04 The fate of the local in light of the global The fate of the local in light of the global 01 04 Analysis of variation in the use of preverbal markers in Bequia Creole Analysis of variation in the use of preverbal markers in Bequia Creole 1 A01 01 JB code 291229411 Agata Daleszynska-Slater Daleszynska-Slater, Agata Agata Daleszynska-Slater 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.03mey 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.03mey 67 86 20 Article 5 01 04 Subject and object pronoun use in Bequia (St Vincent and the Grenadines) Subject and object pronoun use in Bequia (St Vincent and the Grenadines) 1 A01 01 JB code 529229412 Miriam Meyerhoff Meyerhoff, Miriam Miriam Meyerhoff 2 A01 01 JB code 750229413 James A. Walker Walker, James A. James A. Walker 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.04for 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.04for 87 112 26 Article 6 01 04 "A she gi me words; well me gi she back de change" “A she gi me words; well me gi she back de change” 01 04 The reframing of stigmatized talk by everyday women-of-words in St Vincent The reframing of stigmatized talk by everyday women-of-words in St Vincent 1 A01 01 JB code 36229414 Elizabeth Fortenbery Fortenbery, Elizabeth Elizabeth Fortenbery 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.05avr 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.05avr 113 140 28 Article 7 01 04 The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages 01 04 Vincentian Vincentian 1 A01 01 JB code 382229415 Andrei A. Avram Avram, Andrei A. Andrei A. Avram 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.06pre 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.06pre 141 164 24 Article 8 01 04 Creole reflexes of do Creole reflexes of do 01 04 Zeroing in on tense, aspect and modality in Vincentian Creole Zeroing in on tense, aspect and modality in Vincentian Creole 1 A01 01 JB code 615229416 Paula Prescod Prescod, Paula Paula Prescod 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.07cro 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.07cro 165 180 16 Article 9 01 04 Languages in St Vincent and the Grenadines Languages in St Vincent and the Grenadines 01 04 An annotated bibliography An annotated bibliography 1 A01 01 JB code 934229417 Donna E. Cromer Cromer, Donna E. Donna E. Cromer 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.08bio 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.08bio 181 182 2 Article 10 01 04 Biographical notes on the contributors Biographical notes on the contributors 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.09sub 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.09sub 183 188 6 Article 11 01 04 Subject, Language and Place Index Subject, Language and Place Index 01 01 JB code veaw.g51.10aut 06 10.1075/veaw.g51.10aut 189 192 4 Article 12 01 04 Name Index Name Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20150212 C 2015 John Benjamins D 2015 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027249111 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 80.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 143.00 USD