195009112 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code Z 174 Hb 15 9789027211958 06 10.1075/z.174 13 2012014305 00 BB 08 830 gr 01 01 The Anglicization of European Lexis The Anglicization of European Lexis 1 B01 01 JB code 132141710 Cristiano Furiassi Furiassi, Cristiano Cristiano Furiassi University of Turin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/132141710 2 B01 01 JB code 181141711 Virginia Pulcini Pulcini, Virginia Virginia Pulcini University of Turin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/181141711 3 B01 01 JB code 413141712 Félix Rodríguez González Rodríguez González, Félix Félix Rodríguez González University of Alicante 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/413141712 01 eng 11 366 03 03 ix 03 00 356 03 01 23 427/.94 03 2012 PE1582.A3 04 English language--Foreign countries--Congresses. 04 English language--Foreign words and phrases--Congresses. 04 English language--Foreign elements--Congresses. 10 LAN009000 12 CF/2AB 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 This volume explores the lexical influence of English on European languages, a topical theme with linguistic and cultural implications. It poses crucial analytical questions such as what counts as an Anglicism and offers a typology of borrowings. 03 00 This volume explores the lexical influence of English on European languages, a topical theme with linguistic and cultural implications. It provides an extensive introductory background to a cross-national view of English-induced lexical borrowing, posing crucial analytical questions such as what counts as an Anglicism. It also offers a typology of borrowings with examples from the languages represented: Armenian, Danish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Swedish. The articles in this volume address general and language-specific issues related to the analysis and collection of Anglicisms, extending the scope to the largely unexplored area of phraseology and bringing new insights into corpus-based and corpus-driven methodologies. This volume fits into a well-established and constantly developing research field and will appeal to scholars interested in the spread of English as an international language, contact and contrastive linguistics, lexicology and lexicography, and computer corpus lexicography. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/z.174.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027211958.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027211958.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/z.174.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/z.174.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/z.174.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/z.174.hb.png 01 01 JB code z.174.01con 06 10.1075/z.174.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 List of contributors List of contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.02ack 06 10.1075/z.174.02ack ix ix 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.03pul 06 10.1075/z.174.03pul 1 24 24 Article 3 01 04 The lexical influence of English on European languages The lexical influence of English on European languages 01 04 From words to phraseology From words to phraseology 1 A01 01 JB code 431171921 Virginia Pulcini Pulcini, Virginia Virginia Pulcini Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/431171921 2 A01 01 JB code 796171922 Cristiano Furiassi Furiassi, Cristiano Cristiano Furiassi Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/796171922 3 A01 01 JB code 234171923 Félix Rodríguez González Rodríguez González, Félix Félix Rodríguez González Universidad de Alicante, Spain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/234171923 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.04p1 06 10.1075/z.174.04p1 Section header 4 01 04 Section I. Exploring Anglicisms Section I. Exploring Anglicisms 01 04 Problems and methods Problems and methods 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.05mac 06 10.1075/z.174.05mac 27 42 16 Article 5 01 04 Chapter 1. Fair play to them Chapter 1. Fair play to them 01 04 Proficiency in English and types of borrowing Proficiency in English and types of borrowing 1 A01 01 JB code 517171924 Ian MacKenzie MacKenzie, Ian Ian MacKenzie 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/517171924 01 eng 03 00

Proficiency in English is increasing across Europe. Because bilingual speech often contains ephemeral, speaker-specific nonce borrowings, code-switches, and all the other manifestations of crosslinguistic interaction, this will to a minor extent Anglicize much everyday language use. But increasing bilingualism is also likely to change patterns of borrowing. This article predicts that, while cultural and prestige borrowings from English will continue, increased proficiency in English will result in fewer false Anglicisms being created and more complex and abstract words being borrowed, although these will often not retain their native English meanings.

01 01 JB code z.174.06win 06 10.1075/z.174.06win 43 64 22 Article 6 01 04 Chapter 2. Proposing a pragmatic distinction for lexical Anglicisms Chapter 2. Proposing a pragmatic distinction for lexical Anglicisms 1 A01 01 JB code 161171925 Esme Winter-Froemel Winter-Froemel, Esme Esme Winter-Froemel Universität Tübingen, Germany 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/161171925 2 A01 01 JB code 446171926 Alexander Onysko Onysko, Alexander Alexander Onysko Lienz, Austria 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/446171926 01 eng 03 00

While certain Anglicisms (e.g. Event and Kids in German) typically appear as marked lexical choices, such effects are absent in other Anglicisms (e.g. Film and PC in German). In order to investigate these different pragmatic interpretations, we consider the criterion of whether an Anglicism exists alongside a semantically-close equivalent in the recipient language or not. Based on this criterion, we introduce a distinction into two types of loans or, more generally, into two types of lexical innovation: catachrestic and non-catachrestic innovation. These are linked to two different types of implicatures as proposed in Levinson’s (2000) theory of presumptive meanings. The distinction between the two types of loans will be exemplified by data drawn from a corpus analysis of Anglicisms in German. The discussion will particularly focus on frequency effects and on the importance of specific discourse traditions, which both underline the dynamic pragmatic nature of Anglicisms.

01 01 JB code z.174.07cal 06 10.1075/z.174.07cal 65 89 25 Article 7 01 04 Chapter 3. Investigating gender variation of English loanwords in German Chapter 3. Investigating gender variation of English loanwords in German 1 A01 01 JB code 831171927 Marcus Callies Callies, Marcus Marcus Callies Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Germany 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/831171927 2 A01 01 JB code 234171928 Alexander Onysko Onysko, Alexander Alexander Onysko Lienz, Austria 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/234171928 3 A01 01 JB code 287171929 Eva Ogiermann Ogiermann, Eva Eva Ogiermann University of Surrey, UK 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/287171929 01 eng 03 00

This article examines variation in gender assignment to English loanwords – a phenomenon that has rarely been studied on a large empirical basis to date. We report on a multi-method study of gender assignment to Anglicisms as evidenced by large newspaper corpora and experimental data elicited from German native speakers, allowing empirically well-grounded insights into methodological and sociolinguistic factors that determine gender variation. In contrast to earlier studies which assume variation in gender assignment to be especially prevalent in the early stages of integration, thus claiming that there is comparatively little variation in general, our findings show a substantial amount of variation among the test items. In general, we find that variation is higher in the informant data when compared to the corpus data.

01 01 JB code z.174.08gra 06 10.1075/z.174.08gra 91 109 19 Article 8 01 04 Chapter 4. The collection of Anglicisms Chapter 4. The collection of Anglicisms 01 04 Methodological issues in connection with impact studies in Norway Methodological issues in connection with impact studies in Norway 1 A01 01 JB code 667171930 Anne-Line Graedler Graedler, Anne-Line Anne-Line Graedler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/667171930 01 eng 03 00

This article raises some methodological questions related to data collection in connection with Norwegian Anglicism studies. Specifically, it queries the extent to which results from methodologically divergent studies can be used for comparative purposes, such as estimating the rate of impact of English influence on the Norwegian vocabulary, something which represents an important foundation for present-day language policy. Questions that are raised and discussed concern the unit of investigation itself and types of criteria used to identify Anglicisms: the factors of age and degree of establishment, the type and size of the source material, and the treatment and presentation of data. The article concludes that some methodological problems may be alleviated in the future by using computerized research corpora.

01 01 JB code z.174.09and 06 10.1075/z.174.09and 111 130 20 Article 9 01 04 Chapter 5. Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data Chapter 5. Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data 1 A01 01 JB code 254171931 Gisle Andersen Andersen, Gisle Gisle Andersen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/254171931 01 eng 03 00

This article describes corpus-based research methods and language processing tools that are used for the systematic study of the influence of English on Norwegian lexis. The tools are developed in connection with the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus (NNC) project. The study presents a survey of the types of phenomena that an Anglicism detection tool should aim at identifying and the problems associated with the orthographic and morphological variability of Anglicisms. It also describes the development of an Anglicism detection tool and accounts for a set of experiments using lexicon-based, n-gram-based and combinatory methods. Finally it describes recently developed machine learning techniques that have been developed by the NNC team, arguing that the computational approach to Anglicism identification is a fruitful one.

01 01 JB code z.174.10prc 06 10.1075/z.174.10prc 131 148 18 Article 10 01 04 Chapter 6. Lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian Chapter 6. Lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian 01 04 The project and its results The project and its results 1 A01 01 JB code 401171932 Tvrtko Prćić Prćić, Tvrtko Tvrtko Prćić 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/401171932 01 eng 03 00

This article offers an account of a pioneering project in the lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian, the main result of which was the publication of a dictionary, entitled Du yu speak anglosrpski? Rečnik novijih anglicizama (Vasić et al. 2001). The discussion includes the following topics: (a) a typological identification of this dictionary, (b) a detailed presentation of a checklist of twenty-five problems which the authors had to address and the solutions which they implemented, regarding strategic decisions about the dictionary and aspects of its macrostructure, microstructure and graphic design, (c) a critical appraisal of the merits, demerits and implications of this dictionary and the entire project, and (d) an assessment of the future prospects of the dictionary.

01 01 JB code z.174.11gal 06 10.1075/z.174.11gal 149 166 18 Article 11 01 04 Chapter 7. Anglicisms in Armenian Chapter 7. Anglicisms in Armenian 01 04 Processes of adaptation Processes of adaptation 1 A01 01 JB code 970171933 Anahit Galstyan Galstyan, Anahit Anahit Galstyan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/970171933 01 eng 03 00

The influence of English on Armenian is limited to borrowings at the lexical level. This brief survey examines the problem of the domestication of English words in Eastern Armenian. It is essential that our focus be on contrastive and typological studies of the two languages, as English and Eastern Armenian differ in their phonetic systems, systems of grammatical categories, and semantics. We analyze the phonetic and graphemic integration of Anglicisms in Eastern Armenian. We also elucidate the peculiarities of the grammatical integration of Anglicisms belonging to different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, and verbs. The last part of the article is devoted to the problem of semantic integration of loanwords in the receptor language.

01 01 JB code z.174.12p2 06 10.1075/z.174.12p2 Section header 12 01 04 Section II. English-induced phraseology Section II. English-induced phraseology 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.13got 06 10.1075/z.174.13got 169 198 30 Article 13 01 04 Chapter 8. Phraseology in flux Chapter 8. Phraseology in flux 01 04 Danish Anglicisms beneath the surface Danish Anglicisms beneath the surface 1 A01 01 JB code 464171934 Henrik Gottlieb Gottlieb, Henrik Henrik Gottlieb 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/464171934 01 eng 03 00

Today, single-word lexical borrowings are merely the tip of the iceberg of English impact. Thus, the notion of Anglicism should encompass all language features either adopted from English, adapted from English, or inspired by English, used in intralingual communication in another language. This article focuses on the subterranean impact of English as expressed through the morpho­syntactic calques found in contemporary Danish, a language influenced until the 20th century mainly by German lexis and phraseology. The linguistic market shares of near-synonymous expressions were measured in Danish text corpora at 5-year intervals between 1990 and 2010. It was found that established Danish expressions tend to lose ground, while expressions based on English models typically gain popularity – a development hitherto lacking empirical documentation.

01 01 JB code z.174.14mar 06 10.1075/z.174.14mar 199 215 17 Article 14 01 04 Chapter 9. Multi-word loan translations and semantic borrowings from English in French journalistic discourse Chapter 9. Multi-word loan translations and semantic borrowings from English in French journalistic discourse 1 A01 01 JB code 821171935 Ramón Martí Solano Martí Solano, Ramón Ramón Martí Solano 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/821171935 01 eng 03 00

The French written press abounds with multi-word loan translations from English, such as en terme(s) de or adopter un profil bas. The results provided in this study correspond to the presence of this type of phrases in the French weekly magazine Le Nouvel Observateur in the first decade of the 21st century. Although some have been in use for several decades, they clearly show a steady and unbroken evolution in the last few years. Multi-word semantic borrowings, as is the case with tour noir, are less pervasive and tend to go unnoticed to the general reader. There are, however, two different stages of integration corresponding to higher or lower frequency rates, typographical markers and lexicographical treatment.

01 01 JB code z.174.15onc 06 10.1075/z.174.15onc 217 238 22 Article 15 01 04 Chapter 10. Newly-coined Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish Chapter 10. Newly-coined Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish 01 04 A corpus-based approach A corpus-based approach 1 A01 01 JB code 131171936 José Luis Oncins-Martínez Oncins-Martínez, José Luis José Luis Oncins-Martínez 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/131171936 01 eng 03 00

The creation of new digitized corpora of Spanish such as CORDE and CREA in the late years of the 20th century came to facilitate enormously the job of lexicographers and linguists interested in studying the influence of English on Spanish. Indeed, these electronic resources offer sounder and more reliable ways of exploring and characterizing Anglicisms in Spanish. The present article situates itself in this corpus-based approach and shows how the aforementioned electronic resources can help us track down the occurrence of foreign usages more systematically and assess the extent of their presence in Spanish more accurately.

01 01 JB code z.174.16fie 06 10.1075/z.174.16fie 239 259 21 Article 16 01 04 Chapter 11. Der Elefant im Raum Chapter 11. Der Elefant im Raum… 01 04 The influence of English on German phraseology The influence of English on German phraseology 1 A01 01 JB code 749171937 Sabine Fiedler Fiedler, Sabine Sabine Fiedler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/749171937 01 eng 03 00

English has become the lingua franca of the modern world. The high degree of exposure to English in popular culture and the media speeds up the pace of lexical borrowing. This article deals with the influence of English on German phraseology. It is based on the corpus of the Institut für deutsche Sprache 
(COSMAS II) and a corpus of German newspaper articles, which allows comparative investigations over a period of ten years. The study reveals that English is now making an important contribution in disseminating phraseological units (used in their original form in English and as loan translations). Three criteria have been found relevant to prove their Anglo-American origin: (1) use in an English-speaking context (including translations), (2) explicit metacommunicative signalling of the origin and (3) variability of form.

01 01 JB code z.174.17roz 06 10.1075/z.174.17roz 261 277 17 Article 17 01 04 Chapter 12. English influence on Polish proverbial language Chapter 12. English influence on Polish proverbial language 1 A01 01 JB code 69171938 Agata Rozumko Rozumko, Agata Agata Rozumko 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/69171938 01 eng 03 00

The aim of this article is to discuss recent borrowings of English proverbs into Polish. Foreign proverbs are often cited when members of a linguistic community wish to signal their identification with another community, which is why changes in proverbial language may be indicative of the adoption of new cultural patterns by a society. It seems that a few English proverbs have begun to replace outdated Polish sayings, while some others, such as those reflecting patterns of Anglo-American culture, are being added to the stock of traditional Polish proverbs. The present study is corpus based. It discusses the contexts in which the proverbs appear in Polish, the metalinguistic tags used to introduce them, and the cultural significance of these borrowings.

01 01 JB code z.174.18p3 06 10.1075/z.174.18p3 Section header 18 01 04 Section III. Anglicisms in specialized discourse Section III. Anglicisms in specialized discourse 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.19ber 06 10.1075/z.174.19ber 281 304 24 Article 19 01 04 Chapter 13. English direct loans in European football lexis Chapter 13. English direct loans in European football lexis 1 A01 01 JB code 520171939 Gunnar Bergh Bergh, Gunnar Gunnar Bergh University of Gothenburg, Sweden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/520171939 2 A01 01 JB code 796171940 Sölve Ohlander Ohlander, Sölve Sölve Ohlander University of Gothenburg, Sweden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/796171940 01 eng 03 00

Football language is arguably the world’s most widespread special language, where English has played – and still plays – a dominant role. The present study reports on the influence of English in terms of direct loans in this field, as manifested in 16 European languages. Based on a set of 25 English football words – dribble, goal, offside, hooligan, etc. – the investigation shows that while direct borrowing is common, there is a great deal of variation between the languages studied, Norwegian exhibiting the highest number of foreign loans and Finnish the lowest. The significance of the resulting patterns is discussed, providing some tentative explanations of the phenomena noted, where linguistic, sociolinguistic and cultural factors are taken into account.

01 01 JB code z.174.20gau 06 10.1075/z.174.20gau 305 324 20 Article 20 01 04 Chapter 14. Incorporation degrees of selected economics-related Anglicisms in Italian Chapter 14. Incorporation degrees of selected economics-related Anglicisms in Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 184171941 Paola Gaudio Gaudio, Paola Paola Gaudio 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/184171941 01 eng 03 00

In spite of the universally acknowledged worldwide influence of English on our native languages, once an English word crosses the borders to become an Anglicism, it undergoes a process of incorporation into the receiving language. This paper concerns the economics-related Anglicisms used in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) and suggests that it is possible to identify four different patterns: drawn from a pool of more than ten million tokens, the eighty words selected exemplify three stages of foreign-word incorporation, from hapax legomena to fully incorporated and commonly recognized Anglicisms of specialized discourse.

01 01 JB code z.174.21fus 06 10.1075/z.174.21fus 325 342 18 Article 21 01 04 Chapter 15. Anglicisms in the discourse of Alitalia's bailout in the Italian press Chapter 15. Anglicisms in the discourse of Alitalia’s bailout in the Italian press 1 A01 01 JB code 575171942 Sabrina Fusari Fusari, Sabrina Sabrina Fusari 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/575171942 01 eng 03 00

We describe a corpus study of the Anglicisms and false Anglicisms used by two major Italian newspapers (La Repubblica and Corriere della Sera) in their representation of the bailout and privatization of the Italian airline Alitalia. Our aim is to establish if and to what extent the use of new non-adapted Anglicisms in news reports of Alitalia’s crisis and privatization, especially in the domains of economics and aviation, had an impact on the transparency of the information provided. The results show that, in the coverage of this news story, new Anglicisms are often left undefined, or provided with an inappropriate Italian equivalent. This may have made it more difficult for readers to develop a thorough understanding of Alitalia’s crisis and privatization.

01 01 JB code z.174.22ai 06 10.1075/z.174.22ai 343 346 4 Miscellaneous 22 01 04 Author index Author index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.22ind 06 10.1075/z.174.22ind Miscellaneous 23 01 04 Author index Author index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.23ind 06 10.1075/z.174.23ind Miscellaneous 24 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.23li 06 10.1075/z.174.23li 347 348 2 Miscellaneous 25 01 04 Language index Language index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.24si 06 10.1075/z.174.24si 349 356 8 Miscellaneous 26 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
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203014674 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code Z 174 GE 15 9789027273635 06 10.1075/z.174 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code Z 02 174.00 01 02 Not in series Not in series 01 01 The Anglicization of European Lexis The Anglicization of European Lexis 1 B01 01 JB code 132141710 Cristiano Furiassi Furiassi, Cristiano Cristiano Furiassi University of Turin 2 B01 01 JB code 181141711 Virginia Pulcini Pulcini, Virginia Virginia Pulcini University of Turin 3 B01 01 JB code 413141712 Félix Rodríguez González Rodríguez González, Félix Félix Rodríguez González University of Alicante 01 eng 11 366 03 03 ix 03 00 356 03 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 10 LAN009000 12 CF/2AB 01 06 02 00 This volume explores the lexical influence of English on European languages, a topical theme with linguistic and cultural implications. It poses crucial analytical questions such as what counts as an Anglicism and offers a typology of borrowings. 03 00 This volume explores the lexical influence of English on European languages, a topical theme with linguistic and cultural implications. It provides an extensive introductory background to a cross-national view of English-induced lexical borrowing, posing crucial analytical questions such as what counts as an Anglicism. It also offers a typology of borrowings with examples from the languages represented: Armenian, Danish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Swedish. The articles in this volume address general and language-specific issues related to the analysis and collection of Anglicisms, extending the scope to the largely unexplored area of phraseology and bringing new insights into corpus-based and corpus-driven methodologies. This volume fits into a well-established and constantly developing research field and will appeal to scholars interested in the spread of English as an international language, contact and contrastive linguistics, lexicology and lexicography, and computer corpus lexicography. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/z.174.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027211958.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027211958.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/z.174.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/z.174.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/z.174.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/z.174.hb.png 01 01 JB code z.174.01con 06 10.1075/z.174.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 List of contributors List of contributors 01 01 JB code z.174.02ack 06 10.1075/z.174.02ack ix ix 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 01 JB code z.174.03pul 06 10.1075/z.174.03pul 1 24 24 Article 3 01 04 The lexical influence of English on European languages The lexical influence of English on European languages 01 04 From words to phraseology From words to phraseology 1 A01 01 JB code 431171921 Virginia Pulcini Pulcini, Virginia Virginia Pulcini Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy 2 A01 01 JB code 796171922 Cristiano Furiassi Furiassi, Cristiano Cristiano Furiassi Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy 3 A01 01 JB code 234171923 Félix Rodríguez González Rodríguez González, Félix Félix Rodríguez González Universidad de Alicante, Spain 01 01 JB code z.174.04p1 06 10.1075/z.174.04p1 Section header 4 01 04 Section I. Exploring Anglicisms Section I. Exploring Anglicisms 01 04 Problems and methods Problems and methods 01 01 JB code z.174.05mac 06 10.1075/z.174.05mac 27 42 16 Article 5 01 04 Chapter 1. Fair play to them Chapter 1. Fair play to them 01 04 Proficiency in English and types of borrowing Proficiency in English and types of borrowing 1 A01 01 JB code 517171924 Ian MacKenzie MacKenzie, Ian Ian MacKenzie 01 01 JB code z.174.06win 06 10.1075/z.174.06win 43 64 22 Article 6 01 04 Chapter 2. Proposing a pragmatic distinction for lexical Anglicisms Chapter 2. Proposing a pragmatic distinction for lexical Anglicisms 1 A01 01 JB code 161171925 Esme Winter-Froemel Winter-Froemel, Esme Esme Winter-Froemel Universität Tübingen, Germany 2 A01 01 JB code 446171926 Alexander Onysko Onysko, Alexander Alexander Onysko Lienz, Austria 01 01 JB code z.174.07cal 06 10.1075/z.174.07cal 65 89 25 Article 7 01 04 Chapter 3. Investigating gender variation of English loanwords in German Chapter 3. Investigating gender variation of English loanwords in German 1 A01 01 JB code 831171927 Marcus Callies Callies, Marcus Marcus Callies Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Germany 2 A01 01 JB code 234171928 Alexander Onysko Onysko, Alexander Alexander Onysko Lienz, Austria 3 A01 01 JB code 287171929 Eva Ogiermann Ogiermann, Eva Eva Ogiermann University of Surrey, UK 01 01 JB code z.174.08gra 06 10.1075/z.174.08gra 91 109 19 Article 8 01 04 Chapter 4. The collection of Anglicisms Chapter 4. The collection of Anglicisms 01 04 Methodological issues in connection with impact studies in Norway Methodological issues in connection with impact studies in Norway 1 A01 01 JB code 667171930 Anne-Line Graedler Graedler, Anne-Line Anne-Line Graedler 01 01 JB code z.174.09and 06 10.1075/z.174.09and 111 130 20 Article 9 01 04 Chapter 5. Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data Chapter 5. Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data 1 A01 01 JB code 254171931 Gisle Andersen Andersen, Gisle Gisle Andersen 01 01 JB code z.174.10prc 06 10.1075/z.174.10prc 131 148 18 Article 10 01 04 Chapter 6. Lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian Chapter 6. Lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian 01 04 The project and its results The project and its results 1 A01 01 JB code 401171932 Tvrtko Prćić Prćić, Tvrtko Tvrtko Prćić 01 01 JB code z.174.11gal 06 10.1075/z.174.11gal 149 166 18 Article 11 01 04 Chapter 7. Anglicisms in Armenian Chapter 7. Anglicisms in Armenian 01 04 Processes of adaptation Processes of adaptation 1 A01 01 JB code 970171933 Anahit Galstyan Galstyan, Anahit Anahit Galstyan 01 01 JB code z.174.12p2 06 10.1075/z.174.12p2 Section header 12 01 04 Section II. English-induced phraseology Section II. English-induced phraseology 01 01 JB code z.174.13got 06 10.1075/z.174.13got 169 198 30 Article 13 01 04 Chapter 8. Phraseology in flux Chapter 8. Phraseology in flux 01 04 Danish Anglicisms beneath the surface Danish Anglicisms beneath the surface 1 A01 01 JB code 464171934 Henrik Gottlieb Gottlieb, Henrik Henrik Gottlieb 01 01 JB code z.174.14mar 06 10.1075/z.174.14mar 199 215 17 Article 14 01 04 Chapter 9. Multi-word loan translations and semantic borrowings from English in French journalistic discourse Chapter 9. Multi-word loan translations and semantic borrowings from English in French journalistic discourse 1 A01 01 JB code 821171935 Ramón Martí Solano Martí Solano, Ramón Ramón Martí Solano 01 01 JB code z.174.15onc 06 10.1075/z.174.15onc 217 238 22 Article 15 01 04 Chapter 10. Newly-coined Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish Chapter 10. Newly-coined Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish 01 04 A corpus-based approach A corpus-based approach 1 A01 01 JB code 131171936 José Luis Oncins-Martínez Oncins-Martínez, José Luis José Luis Oncins-Martínez 01 01 JB code z.174.16fie 06 10.1075/z.174.16fie 239 259 21 Article 16 01 04 Chapter 11. Der Elefant im Raum Chapter 11. Der Elefant im Raum… 01 04 The influence of English on German phraseology The influence of English on German phraseology 1 A01 01 JB code 749171937 Sabine Fiedler Fiedler, Sabine Sabine Fiedler 01 01 JB code z.174.17roz 06 10.1075/z.174.17roz 261 277 17 Article 17 01 04 Chapter 12. English influence on Polish proverbial language Chapter 12. English influence on Polish proverbial language 1 A01 01 JB code 69171938 Agata Rozumko Rozumko, Agata Agata Rozumko 01 01 JB code z.174.18p3 06 10.1075/z.174.18p3 Section header 18 01 04 Section III. Anglicisms in specialized discourse Section III. Anglicisms in specialized discourse 01 01 JB code z.174.19ber 06 10.1075/z.174.19ber 281 304 24 Article 19 01 04 Chapter 13. English direct loans in European football lexis Chapter 13. English direct loans in European football lexis 1 A01 01 JB code 520171939 Gunnar Bergh Bergh, Gunnar Gunnar Bergh University of Gothenburg, Sweden 2 A01 01 JB code 796171940 Sölve Ohlander Ohlander, Sölve Sölve Ohlander University of Gothenburg, Sweden 01 01 JB code z.174.20gau 06 10.1075/z.174.20gau 305 324 20 Article 20 01 04 Chapter 14. Incorporation degrees of selected economics-related Anglicisms in Italian Chapter 14. Incorporation degrees of selected economics-related Anglicisms in Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 184171941 Paola Gaudio Gaudio, Paola Paola Gaudio 01 01 JB code z.174.21fus 06 10.1075/z.174.21fus 325 342 18 Article 21 01 04 Chapter 15. Anglicisms in the discourse of Alitalia's bailout in the Italian press Chapter 15. Anglicisms in the discourse of Alitalia’s bailout in the Italian press 1 A01 01 JB code 575171942 Sabrina Fusari Fusari, Sabrina Sabrina Fusari 01 01 JB code z.174.22ai 06 10.1075/z.174.22ai 343 346 4 Miscellaneous 22 01 04 Author index Author index 01 01 JB code z.174.22ind 06 10.1075/z.174.22ind Miscellaneous 23 01 04 Author index Author index 01 01 JB code z.174.23ind 06 10.1075/z.174.23ind Miscellaneous 24 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 01 JB code z.174.23li 06 10.1075/z.174.23li 347 348 2 Miscellaneous 25 01 04 Language index Language index 01 01 JB code z.174.24si 06 10.1075/z.174.24si 349 356 8 Miscellaneous 26 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20120822 C 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027211958 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 80.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 143.00 USD 507009113 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code Z 174 Eb 15 9789027273635 06 10.1075/z.174 00 EA E107 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 01 01 The Anglicization of European Lexis The Anglicization of European Lexis 1 B01 01 JB code 132141710 Cristiano Furiassi Furiassi, Cristiano Cristiano Furiassi University of Turin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/132141710 2 B01 01 JB code 181141711 Virginia Pulcini Pulcini, Virginia Virginia Pulcini University of Turin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/181141711 3 B01 01 JB code 413141712 Félix Rodríguez González Rodríguez González, Félix Félix Rodríguez González University of Alicante 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/413141712 01 eng 11 366 03 03 ix 03 00 356 03 01 23 427/.94 03 2012 PE1582.A3 04 English language--Foreign countries--Congresses. 04 English language--Foreign words and phrases--Congresses. 04 English language--Foreign elements--Congresses. 10 LAN009000 12 CF/2AB 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 This volume explores the lexical influence of English on European languages, a topical theme with linguistic and cultural implications. It poses crucial analytical questions such as what counts as an Anglicism and offers a typology of borrowings. 03 00 This volume explores the lexical influence of English on European languages, a topical theme with linguistic and cultural implications. It provides an extensive introductory background to a cross-national view of English-induced lexical borrowing, posing crucial analytical questions such as what counts as an Anglicism. It also offers a typology of borrowings with examples from the languages represented: Armenian, Danish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Swedish. The articles in this volume address general and language-specific issues related to the analysis and collection of Anglicisms, extending the scope to the largely unexplored area of phraseology and bringing new insights into corpus-based and corpus-driven methodologies. This volume fits into a well-established and constantly developing research field and will appeal to scholars interested in the spread of English as an international language, contact and contrastive linguistics, lexicology and lexicography, and computer corpus lexicography. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/z.174.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027211958.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027211958.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/z.174.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/z.174.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/z.174.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/z.174.hb.png 01 01 JB code z.174.01con 06 10.1075/z.174.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 List of contributors List of contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.02ack 06 10.1075/z.174.02ack ix ix 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.03pul 06 10.1075/z.174.03pul 1 24 24 Article 3 01 04 The lexical influence of English on European languages The lexical influence of English on European languages 01 04 From words to phraseology From words to phraseology 1 A01 01 JB code 431171921 Virginia Pulcini Pulcini, Virginia Virginia Pulcini Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/431171921 2 A01 01 JB code 796171922 Cristiano Furiassi Furiassi, Cristiano Cristiano Furiassi Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/796171922 3 A01 01 JB code 234171923 Félix Rodríguez González Rodríguez González, Félix Félix Rodríguez González Universidad de Alicante, Spain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/234171923 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.04p1 06 10.1075/z.174.04p1 Section header 4 01 04 Section I. Exploring Anglicisms Section I. Exploring Anglicisms 01 04 Problems and methods Problems and methods 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.05mac 06 10.1075/z.174.05mac 27 42 16 Article 5 01 04 Chapter 1. Fair play to them Chapter 1. Fair play to them 01 04 Proficiency in English and types of borrowing Proficiency in English and types of borrowing 1 A01 01 JB code 517171924 Ian MacKenzie MacKenzie, Ian Ian MacKenzie 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/517171924 01 eng 03 00

Proficiency in English is increasing across Europe. Because bilingual speech often contains ephemeral, speaker-specific nonce borrowings, code-switches, and all the other manifestations of crosslinguistic interaction, this will to a minor extent Anglicize much everyday language use. But increasing bilingualism is also likely to change patterns of borrowing. This article predicts that, while cultural and prestige borrowings from English will continue, increased proficiency in English will result in fewer false Anglicisms being created and more complex and abstract words being borrowed, although these will often not retain their native English meanings.

01 01 JB code z.174.06win 06 10.1075/z.174.06win 43 64 22 Article 6 01 04 Chapter 2. Proposing a pragmatic distinction for lexical Anglicisms Chapter 2. Proposing a pragmatic distinction for lexical Anglicisms 1 A01 01 JB code 161171925 Esme Winter-Froemel Winter-Froemel, Esme Esme Winter-Froemel Universität Tübingen, Germany 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/161171925 2 A01 01 JB code 446171926 Alexander Onysko Onysko, Alexander Alexander Onysko Lienz, Austria 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/446171926 01 eng 03 00

While certain Anglicisms (e.g. Event and Kids in German) typically appear as marked lexical choices, such effects are absent in other Anglicisms (e.g. Film and PC in German). In order to investigate these different pragmatic interpretations, we consider the criterion of whether an Anglicism exists alongside a semantically-close equivalent in the recipient language or not. Based on this criterion, we introduce a distinction into two types of loans or, more generally, into two types of lexical innovation: catachrestic and non-catachrestic innovation. These are linked to two different types of implicatures as proposed in Levinson’s (2000) theory of presumptive meanings. The distinction between the two types of loans will be exemplified by data drawn from a corpus analysis of Anglicisms in German. The discussion will particularly focus on frequency effects and on the importance of specific discourse traditions, which both underline the dynamic pragmatic nature of Anglicisms.

01 01 JB code z.174.07cal 06 10.1075/z.174.07cal 65 89 25 Article 7 01 04 Chapter 3. Investigating gender variation of English loanwords in German Chapter 3. Investigating gender variation of English loanwords in German 1 A01 01 JB code 831171927 Marcus Callies Callies, Marcus Marcus Callies Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Germany 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/831171927 2 A01 01 JB code 234171928 Alexander Onysko Onysko, Alexander Alexander Onysko Lienz, Austria 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/234171928 3 A01 01 JB code 287171929 Eva Ogiermann Ogiermann, Eva Eva Ogiermann University of Surrey, UK 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/287171929 01 eng 03 00

This article examines variation in gender assignment to English loanwords – a phenomenon that has rarely been studied on a large empirical basis to date. We report on a multi-method study of gender assignment to Anglicisms as evidenced by large newspaper corpora and experimental data elicited from German native speakers, allowing empirically well-grounded insights into methodological and sociolinguistic factors that determine gender variation. In contrast to earlier studies which assume variation in gender assignment to be especially prevalent in the early stages of integration, thus claiming that there is comparatively little variation in general, our findings show a substantial amount of variation among the test items. In general, we find that variation is higher in the informant data when compared to the corpus data.

01 01 JB code z.174.08gra 06 10.1075/z.174.08gra 91 109 19 Article 8 01 04 Chapter 4. The collection of Anglicisms Chapter 4. The collection of Anglicisms 01 04 Methodological issues in connection with impact studies in Norway Methodological issues in connection with impact studies in Norway 1 A01 01 JB code 667171930 Anne-Line Graedler Graedler, Anne-Line Anne-Line Graedler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/667171930 01 eng 03 00

This article raises some methodological questions related to data collection in connection with Norwegian Anglicism studies. Specifically, it queries the extent to which results from methodologically divergent studies can be used for comparative purposes, such as estimating the rate of impact of English influence on the Norwegian vocabulary, something which represents an important foundation for present-day language policy. Questions that are raised and discussed concern the unit of investigation itself and types of criteria used to identify Anglicisms: the factors of age and degree of establishment, the type and size of the source material, and the treatment and presentation of data. The article concludes that some methodological problems may be alleviated in the future by using computerized research corpora.

01 01 JB code z.174.09and 06 10.1075/z.174.09and 111 130 20 Article 9 01 04 Chapter 5. Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data Chapter 5. Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data 1 A01 01 JB code 254171931 Gisle Andersen Andersen, Gisle Gisle Andersen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/254171931 01 eng 03 00

This article describes corpus-based research methods and language processing tools that are used for the systematic study of the influence of English on Norwegian lexis. The tools are developed in connection with the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus (NNC) project. The study presents a survey of the types of phenomena that an Anglicism detection tool should aim at identifying and the problems associated with the orthographic and morphological variability of Anglicisms. It also describes the development of an Anglicism detection tool and accounts for a set of experiments using lexicon-based, n-gram-based and combinatory methods. Finally it describes recently developed machine learning techniques that have been developed by the NNC team, arguing that the computational approach to Anglicism identification is a fruitful one.

01 01 JB code z.174.10prc 06 10.1075/z.174.10prc 131 148 18 Article 10 01 04 Chapter 6. Lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian Chapter 6. Lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian 01 04 The project and its results The project and its results 1 A01 01 JB code 401171932 Tvrtko Prćić Prćić, Tvrtko Tvrtko Prćić 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/401171932 01 eng 03 00

This article offers an account of a pioneering project in the lexicographic description of recent Anglicisms in Serbian, the main result of which was the publication of a dictionary, entitled Du yu speak anglosrpski? Rečnik novijih anglicizama (Vasić et al. 2001). The discussion includes the following topics: (a) a typological identification of this dictionary, (b) a detailed presentation of a checklist of twenty-five problems which the authors had to address and the solutions which they implemented, regarding strategic decisions about the dictionary and aspects of its macrostructure, microstructure and graphic design, (c) a critical appraisal of the merits, demerits and implications of this dictionary and the entire project, and (d) an assessment of the future prospects of the dictionary.

01 01 JB code z.174.11gal 06 10.1075/z.174.11gal 149 166 18 Article 11 01 04 Chapter 7. Anglicisms in Armenian Chapter 7. Anglicisms in Armenian 01 04 Processes of adaptation Processes of adaptation 1 A01 01 JB code 970171933 Anahit Galstyan Galstyan, Anahit Anahit Galstyan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/970171933 01 eng 03 00

The influence of English on Armenian is limited to borrowings at the lexical level. This brief survey examines the problem of the domestication of English words in Eastern Armenian. It is essential that our focus be on contrastive and typological studies of the two languages, as English and Eastern Armenian differ in their phonetic systems, systems of grammatical categories, and semantics. We analyze the phonetic and graphemic integration of Anglicisms in Eastern Armenian. We also elucidate the peculiarities of the grammatical integration of Anglicisms belonging to different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, and verbs. The last part of the article is devoted to the problem of semantic integration of loanwords in the receptor language.

01 01 JB code z.174.12p2 06 10.1075/z.174.12p2 Section header 12 01 04 Section II. English-induced phraseology Section II. English-induced phraseology 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.13got 06 10.1075/z.174.13got 169 198 30 Article 13 01 04 Chapter 8. Phraseology in flux Chapter 8. Phraseology in flux 01 04 Danish Anglicisms beneath the surface Danish Anglicisms beneath the surface 1 A01 01 JB code 464171934 Henrik Gottlieb Gottlieb, Henrik Henrik Gottlieb 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/464171934 01 eng 03 00

Today, single-word lexical borrowings are merely the tip of the iceberg of English impact. Thus, the notion of Anglicism should encompass all language features either adopted from English, adapted from English, or inspired by English, used in intralingual communication in another language. This article focuses on the subterranean impact of English as expressed through the morpho­syntactic calques found in contemporary Danish, a language influenced until the 20th century mainly by German lexis and phraseology. The linguistic market shares of near-synonymous expressions were measured in Danish text corpora at 5-year intervals between 1990 and 2010. It was found that established Danish expressions tend to lose ground, while expressions based on English models typically gain popularity – a development hitherto lacking empirical documentation.

01 01 JB code z.174.14mar 06 10.1075/z.174.14mar 199 215 17 Article 14 01 04 Chapter 9. Multi-word loan translations and semantic borrowings from English in French journalistic discourse Chapter 9. Multi-word loan translations and semantic borrowings from English in French journalistic discourse 1 A01 01 JB code 821171935 Ramón Martí Solano Martí Solano, Ramón Ramón Martí Solano 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/821171935 01 eng 03 00

The French written press abounds with multi-word loan translations from English, such as en terme(s) de or adopter un profil bas. The results provided in this study correspond to the presence of this type of phrases in the French weekly magazine Le Nouvel Observateur in the first decade of the 21st century. Although some have been in use for several decades, they clearly show a steady and unbroken evolution in the last few years. Multi-word semantic borrowings, as is the case with tour noir, are less pervasive and tend to go unnoticed to the general reader. There are, however, two different stages of integration corresponding to higher or lower frequency rates, typographical markers and lexicographical treatment.

01 01 JB code z.174.15onc 06 10.1075/z.174.15onc 217 238 22 Article 15 01 04 Chapter 10. Newly-coined Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish Chapter 10. Newly-coined Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish 01 04 A corpus-based approach A corpus-based approach 1 A01 01 JB code 131171936 José Luis Oncins-Martínez Oncins-Martínez, José Luis José Luis Oncins-Martínez 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/131171936 01 eng 03 00

The creation of new digitized corpora of Spanish such as CORDE and CREA in the late years of the 20th century came to facilitate enormously the job of lexicographers and linguists interested in studying the influence of English on Spanish. Indeed, these electronic resources offer sounder and more reliable ways of exploring and characterizing Anglicisms in Spanish. The present article situates itself in this corpus-based approach and shows how the aforementioned electronic resources can help us track down the occurrence of foreign usages more systematically and assess the extent of their presence in Spanish more accurately.

01 01 JB code z.174.16fie 06 10.1075/z.174.16fie 239 259 21 Article 16 01 04 Chapter 11. Der Elefant im Raum Chapter 11. Der Elefant im Raum… 01 04 The influence of English on German phraseology The influence of English on German phraseology 1 A01 01 JB code 749171937 Sabine Fiedler Fiedler, Sabine Sabine Fiedler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/749171937 01 eng 03 00

English has become the lingua franca of the modern world. The high degree of exposure to English in popular culture and the media speeds up the pace of lexical borrowing. This article deals with the influence of English on German phraseology. It is based on the corpus of the Institut für deutsche Sprache 
(COSMAS II) and a corpus of German newspaper articles, which allows comparative investigations over a period of ten years. The study reveals that English is now making an important contribution in disseminating phraseological units (used in their original form in English and as loan translations). Three criteria have been found relevant to prove their Anglo-American origin: (1) use in an English-speaking context (including translations), (2) explicit metacommunicative signalling of the origin and (3) variability of form.

01 01 JB code z.174.17roz 06 10.1075/z.174.17roz 261 277 17 Article 17 01 04 Chapter 12. English influence on Polish proverbial language Chapter 12. English influence on Polish proverbial language 1 A01 01 JB code 69171938 Agata Rozumko Rozumko, Agata Agata Rozumko 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/69171938 01 eng 03 00

The aim of this article is to discuss recent borrowings of English proverbs into Polish. Foreign proverbs are often cited when members of a linguistic community wish to signal their identification with another community, which is why changes in proverbial language may be indicative of the adoption of new cultural patterns by a society. It seems that a few English proverbs have begun to replace outdated Polish sayings, while some others, such as those reflecting patterns of Anglo-American culture, are being added to the stock of traditional Polish proverbs. The present study is corpus based. It discusses the contexts in which the proverbs appear in Polish, the metalinguistic tags used to introduce them, and the cultural significance of these borrowings.

01 01 JB code z.174.18p3 06 10.1075/z.174.18p3 Section header 18 01 04 Section III. Anglicisms in specialized discourse Section III. Anglicisms in specialized discourse 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.19ber 06 10.1075/z.174.19ber 281 304 24 Article 19 01 04 Chapter 13. English direct loans in European football lexis Chapter 13. English direct loans in European football lexis 1 A01 01 JB code 520171939 Gunnar Bergh Bergh, Gunnar Gunnar Bergh University of Gothenburg, Sweden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/520171939 2 A01 01 JB code 796171940 Sölve Ohlander Ohlander, Sölve Sölve Ohlander University of Gothenburg, Sweden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/796171940 01 eng 03 00

Football language is arguably the world’s most widespread special language, where English has played – and still plays – a dominant role. The present study reports on the influence of English in terms of direct loans in this field, as manifested in 16 European languages. Based on a set of 25 English football words – dribble, goal, offside, hooligan, etc. – the investigation shows that while direct borrowing is common, there is a great deal of variation between the languages studied, Norwegian exhibiting the highest number of foreign loans and Finnish the lowest. The significance of the resulting patterns is discussed, providing some tentative explanations of the phenomena noted, where linguistic, sociolinguistic and cultural factors are taken into account.

01 01 JB code z.174.20gau 06 10.1075/z.174.20gau 305 324 20 Article 20 01 04 Chapter 14. Incorporation degrees of selected economics-related Anglicisms in Italian Chapter 14. Incorporation degrees of selected economics-related Anglicisms in Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 184171941 Paola Gaudio Gaudio, Paola Paola Gaudio 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/184171941 01 eng 03 00

In spite of the universally acknowledged worldwide influence of English on our native languages, once an English word crosses the borders to become an Anglicism, it undergoes a process of incorporation into the receiving language. This paper concerns the economics-related Anglicisms used in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) and suggests that it is possible to identify four different patterns: drawn from a pool of more than ten million tokens, the eighty words selected exemplify three stages of foreign-word incorporation, from hapax legomena to fully incorporated and commonly recognized Anglicisms of specialized discourse.

01 01 JB code z.174.21fus 06 10.1075/z.174.21fus 325 342 18 Article 21 01 04 Chapter 15. Anglicisms in the discourse of Alitalia's bailout in the Italian press Chapter 15. Anglicisms in the discourse of Alitalia’s bailout in the Italian press 1 A01 01 JB code 575171942 Sabrina Fusari Fusari, Sabrina Sabrina Fusari 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/575171942 01 eng 03 00

We describe a corpus study of the Anglicisms and false Anglicisms used by two major Italian newspapers (La Repubblica and Corriere della Sera) in their representation of the bailout and privatization of the Italian airline Alitalia. Our aim is to establish if and to what extent the use of new non-adapted Anglicisms in news reports of Alitalia’s crisis and privatization, especially in the domains of economics and aviation, had an impact on the transparency of the information provided. The results show that, in the coverage of this news story, new Anglicisms are often left undefined, or provided with an inappropriate Italian equivalent. This may have made it more difficult for readers to develop a thorough understanding of Alitalia’s crisis and privatization.

01 01 JB code z.174.22ai 06 10.1075/z.174.22ai 343 346 4 Miscellaneous 22 01 04 Author index Author index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.22ind 06 10.1075/z.174.22ind Miscellaneous 23 01 04 Author index Author index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.23ind 06 10.1075/z.174.23ind Miscellaneous 24 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.23li 06 10.1075/z.174.23li 347 348 2 Miscellaneous 25 01 04 Language index Language index 01 eng 01 01 JB code z.174.24si 06 10.1075/z.174.24si 349 356 8 Miscellaneous 26 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/z.174 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20120822 C 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027211958 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027273635 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 143.00 USD