219-7677
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7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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onix@benjamins.nl
201703311037
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
528017467
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
Z 210 Eb
15
9789027265999
06
10.1075/z.210
13
2017012280
DG
002
02
01
Crossroads Semantics
Computation, experiment and grammar
01
z.210
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/z.210
1
B01
Hilke Reckman
Reckman, Hilke
Hilke
Reckman
Aarhus University
2
B01
Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng
Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen
Lisa Lai-Shen
Cheng
Leiden University
3
B01
Maarten Hijzelendoorn
Hijzelendoorn, Maarten
Maarten
Hijzelendoorn
Leiden University
4
B01
Rint Sybesma
Sybesma, Rint
Rint
Sybesma
Leiden University
01
eng
337
viii
329
LAN016000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
As language is a multifaceted phenomenon, the study of language, as long as it is geared at providing a comprehensive picture of it, cannot be restricted to one component or one approach. This applies to the many different components of language as well, including semantics.<br />If we want to fully understand the phenomenon of language meaning, we must not limit our research to lexical semantics, syntax-induced meaning or pragmatics. In order to enable ourselves to construct a consistent account of meaning, we need to extract relevant information from research done in different frameworks and from different theoretical standpoints.<br />This volume brings together a number of computational, psycholinguistic as well as theoretical studies, which highlight and illustrate how research done in one subfield of linguistics can be relevant to others.<br />The articles highlight the different ways in which one can work with different aspects of language meaning.
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z.210.int
1
7
7
Chapter
2
01
Introduction
10
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JB code
z.210.01rui
9
20
12
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 1. Bridging theoretical and experimental linguistic research
1
A01
Bobby Ruijgrok
Ruijgrok, Bobby
Bobby
Ruijgrok
Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition
20
cognitive architecture of language
20
computation
20
computational (psycho)linguistics
20
ellipsis
20
grammatical theories
20
sentence processing
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
At present, the alignment of linguistic theories and processing models is in its infancy. While scholars in both research groups try to unravel the nature of human language, it appears to be problematic to bring the two enterprises together. Relevant questions include whether the groups – each employing different levels of analysis – ultimately describe different cognitive systems and to what extent the ways in which data are collected (i.e. offline versus online) address the same hypotheses. In this paper I will argue in favour of a single cognitive system that maps linear strings (sounds or symbols) to complex conceptual representations and vice versa, comparable to a “One-System Architecture” as recently proposed by Lewis & Phillips (2015). In the context of ellipsis research, I will show that we should understand the human language system in terms of three levels of description. Further, I will argue for computational linguistics to play a mediating role in bridging theoretical and psycholinguistic methods of enquiry.
</abstract>
10
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JB code
z.210.p1
Section header
4
01
Data and its use
10
01
JB code
z.210.02cre
23
37
15
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 2. Experimental research
Problems and opportunities in the big-data era
1
A01
Henk Cremers
Cremers, Henk
Henk
Cremers
University of Amsterdam
20
big-data
20
Experimental research
20
scientific evaluation
20
statistics
20
theory testing
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Experimental research in psychology, psycholinguistics or medicine provides quantitative and therefore seemingly conclusive and trustworthy evidence. However, it has been convincingly shown that most research findings are actually false. This has hardly influenced the dominant scientific evaluation system which reflects a continued trust in the unbiasedness of data by a strong reliance on simple quantifications of scientific quality and productivity, such as number of publications and number of citations. This state of affairs is remarkable in the light of a long history of strong criticism of commonly used inference methods and scientific evaluation systems, which is now backed by large-scale research projects directly questioning the reproducibility of scientific findings. This way, the large amounts of data – “big-data” – have helped to uncover some of these problematic issues, but also provided a more open attitude towards data and code sharing. In addition, novel analytic frameworks may help to better integrate empirical data with computational models.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.03bou
39
56
18
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 3. Finding long-distance dependencies in the Lassy Corpus
1
A01
Gosse Bouma
Bouma, Gosse
Gosse
Bouma
University of Groningen
20
corpora
20
Dutch
20
long-distance dependencies
20
parasitic gaps
20
resumptive prolepsis
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In this paper, we present the results of searching for long-distance dependencies in an automatically annotated treebank for Dutch. We concentrate on phenomena that have recently been subject to debate, and where conflicting claims have been made regarding the question whether these constructions actually occur with some frequency in spontaneous language use. Long-distance dependencies involving a tensed or infinitival subordinate clause are quite rare and show collocational effects. Resumptive prolepsis and R-pronominal parasitic gaps are outside the scope of the computational grammar. We show that access to syntactic annotation even in such cases helps to find positive examples relatively quickly.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.04van
57
76
20
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 4. How to compare speed and accuracy of syntactic parsers
1
A01
Gertjan van Noord
Noord, Gertjan van
Gertjan
van
Noord
University of Groningen
20
Accuracy
20
Alpino
20
Dutch
20
Efficiency
20
HPSG
20
Parsing
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The paper introduces a methodological innovation as well as a practical innovation. Firstly, two scenarios are introduced to compare accurate, but slow parsers on the one hand, with faster, but less accurate parsers on the other hand. Secondly, a corpus-based technique is described to improve the efficiency of wide-coverage high-accuracy parsers. By keeping track of the derivation steps which lead to the best parse for a very large collection of sentences, the parser learns which parse steps can be filtered without significant loss in parsing accuracy, but with an important increase in parsing efficiency. Experimental results with the Alpino parser for Dutch indicate that the technique yields much faster parsers that perform with almost the same level of accuracy. An interesting characteristic of our approach is that it is self-learning, in the sense that it uses unannotated corpora.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.05van
77
92
16
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 5. Adposition clusters in Dutch
1
A01
Frank Van Eynde
Van Eynde, Frank
Frank
Van Eynde
University of Leuven
20
adposition
20
circumposition
20
cluster
20
Dutch
20
regular expression.
20
stranding
20
string search
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This paper demonstrates that Dutch not only has verb clusters, but also adposition clusters. It identifies the adpositions that participate in clustering and provides quantitative data about their use in corpora of spoken Dutch and written Dutch.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.06hoe
93
106
14
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 6. Polarity licensing and intervention by conjunction
1
A01
Jack Hoeksema
Hoeksema, Jack
Jack
Hoeksema
University of Groningen
20
conjunction
20
intervention
20
negation
20
Polarity
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The licensing of polarity items by negation and other operators may be disrupted by an intervening conjunction. Conjunction intervenes when the polarity item is a conjunct or part of a conjunct, and negation or another licensor is outside the conjunction, having scope over it. Intervention effects on the licensing of polarity items have been studied at least since Linebarger (1980), but not much empirical research has been done on the peculiar problems posed by intervention by conjunction. In this paper, I present evidence from corpus data (from English, Dutch and German) that the intervention effect noted in the literature is not always absolute and sometimes even nonexistent. Asymmetric types of conjunction are an important exception, and for a variety of polarity items even regular conjunction does not lead to any disruption of licensing.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.07kem
107
123
17
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 7. Frequential test of (S)OV as unmarked word order in Dutch and German clauses
A serendipitous corpus-linguistic experiment
1
A01
Gerard Kempen
Kempen, Gerard
Gerard
Kempen
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University
2
A01
Karin Harbusch
Harbusch, Karin
Karin
Harbusch
Department of Computer Science, University of Koblenz-Landau
20
corpus linguistics
20
Dutch
20
fluency
20
German
20
markedness
20
psycholinguistics
20
sentence planning
20
SOV
20
SVO
20
verb frequency
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In a paper entitled “Against markedness (and what to replace it with)”, Haspelmath argues “that the term ‘markedness’ is superfluous”, and that frequency asymmetries often explain structural (un)markedness asymmetries (Haspelmath 2006). We investigate whether this argument applies to Object and Verb orders in main (VO, marked) and subordinate (OV, unmarked) clauses of spoken and written German and Dutch, using English (without VO/OV alternation) as control. Frequency counts from six treebanks (three languages, two output modalities) do not support Haspelmath’s proposal. However, they reveal an unexpected phenomenon, most prominently in spoken Dutch and German: a small set of extremely high-frequent finite verbs with unspecific meanings populates main clauses much more densely than subordinate clauses. We suggest these verbs accelerate the start-up of grammatical encoding, thus facilitating sentence-initial output fluency.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.08pos
125
137
13
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 8. Kratzer’s effect in the nominal domain
Fake indexicals in Dutch and German
1
A01
Gertjan Postma
Postma, Gertjan
Gertjan
Postma
Meertens Institute Amsterdam
20
Dutch
20
English
20
fake indexicals
20
German
20
Limburgian
20
paradigms
20
possessive morphology
20
sloppy identity
20
verbal morphology
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Fake indexicals are 1/2 person pronouns that do not have a fixed referent but vary over a set. It has been shown that fake indexicals are subject to morphological restrictions imposed by the verbal morphology. In this paper, we show that fake indexicals in the nominal domain are subject to similar morphological restrictions. Only if the morphology is invariant under 1↔3 person permutation does the sloppy reading occur. This is studied both theoretically and empirically within the Dutch dialectological space.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.09sch
139
154
16
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 9. Is bilingual speech production language-specific or non-specific?
The case of gender congruency in Dutch-English bilinguals
1
A01
Niels O. Schiller
Schiller, Niels O.
Niels O.
Schiller
Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
2
A01
Rinus G. Verdonschot
Verdonschot, Rinus G.
Rinus G.
Verdonschot
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
20
bilingual language control
20
Gender congruency
20
Language Production
20
Psycholinguistics
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The present paper looks at semantic interference and gender congruency effects during bilingual picture-word naming. According to Costa, Miozzo & Caramazza (1999), only the activation from lexical nodes within a language is considered during lexical selection. If this is accurate, these findings should uphold with respect to semantic and gender/determiner effects even though the distractors are in another language. In the present study three effects were found, (1) a main effect of language, (2) semantic effects for both target language and non-target language distractors, and (3) gender congruency effects for targets with target-language distractors only. These findings are at odds with the language-specific proposal of Costa et al. (1999). Implications of these findings are discussed.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.10van
155
176
22
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 10. Prosody of restrictive and appositive relative clauses in Dutch and German
1
A01
Vincent J. van Heuven
Heuven, Vincent J. van
Vincent J.
van
Heuven
University of Pannonia, Hungary
Leiden University, The Netherlands
2
A01
Constantijn Kaland
Kaland, Constantijn
Constantijn
Kaland
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
20
appositive
20
Dutch
20
German
20
relative clause
20
restrictive
20
structure-prosody interface
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Restrictive and appositive relative clauses differ in their meaning and structure. The first restrict the class to which the antecedent refers, whereas the latter denote additional information on the antecedent. In terms of structure, this difference concerns the relation between antecedent and relative clause, which is either narrow (restrictives) or loose (appositives). How these relations are encoded in prosody is the topic of investigation. Although there is considerable agreement on what prosodic cues distinguish restrictives and appositives across languages, claims mainly come from prescriptive literature. The current study investigates the structure-prosody interface experimentally by means of perception tests for Dutch and German. Results indicate that these languages differ in how prosody signals structural cohesion or breaking.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.11dev
177
189
13
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 11. Licensing distributivity
The role of plural morphology
1
A01
Hanna de Vries
de Vries, Hanna
Hanna
de Vries
Utrecht University
20
British English
20
distributivity
20
group nouns
20
plurality
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This study investigates how the availability of quantificational distributivity depends on the morphosyntactic number of the VP, based on two different case studies: first, the behaviour of sentences with a group <sc>NP</sc> subject (such as <i>the class</i> or <i>my family</i>) in British English; and second, the interpretation of coordinated VPs in sentences like <i>The guests are surrounding the newlyweds and singing or dancing</i>. I argue that distributivity is only available when the VP is plural, not when it is singular or uninflected. This approach goes back to Link’s (1983) original intuition that pluralisation and distributivity are two sides of the same coin. It also provides support for compositional analyses of semantic pluralisation, according to which predicates originate as singular and are pluralised at a higher derivational level, instead of being “born plural” as in e.g. Krifka (1992), Landman (1996), and Kratzer (2008).
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.p2
Section header
15
01
Implementation and theory building
10
01
JB code
z.210.12van
193
205
13
Chapter
16
01
Chapter 12. Extending categorial grammar to phonology
1
A01
Marc van Oostendorp
Oostendorp, Marc van
Marc
van
Oostendorp
Meertens Instituut, Amsterdam
20
autosegmentalism
20
categorial grammar
20
formalism
20
phonology
20
representations
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
What would be the implications of applying categorial grammar technology to phonological structure? We show how expressing phonological insights requires a few extensions into the formalism in order to be able to deal with autosegmentalism, with feature repulsion and with the interface with syntax (and possibly with semantics). It is argued that both our understanding of categorial grammar and phonology can profit from the confrontation.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.13den
207
225
19
Chapter
17
01
Chapter 13. Stacking up for the long way down
1
A01
Marcel den Dikken
Dikken, Marcel den
Marcel
den
Dikken
Eötvös Loránd University
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
20
cyclicity
20
directionality of structure building
20
filler-gap dependencies
20
locality
20
predication
20
pushdown stacks
20
subjacency
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In Categorial Grammar, “[t]he combinatorics of long-distance dependencies are steered … by conditions on the state of argument stacks” (Cremers 2004: 99). In this paper I argue that in mainstream Chomskyan syntax, modelling filler-gap dependencies in these terms also works well, and is superior to the standard bottom-up movement-based approach. The discussion focuses primarily on the familiar locality restrictions on the establishment of long-distance filler-gap dependencies, and recasts “Subjacency” and “ECP” effects from the perspective of the top-down approach.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.14ame
227
248
22
Chapter
18
01
Chapter 14. Meaning between algebra and culture
Auto-antonyms in the Ewe verb lexicon
1
A01
Felix K. Ameka
Ameka, Felix K.
Felix K.
Ameka
Department of African Languages and Cultures, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
20
auto-antonymy
20
converse
20
directional opposition
20
Ewe
20
meaning construction
20
placement verbs
20
polysemy
20
reversive
20
three levels of meaning
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Semanticists continue to debate questions like: are meanings about “things in the world” or “things in the mind”? Are meanings about algebraic calculations or about cultural conceptions? How are multiple senses of a word related? This chapter explores some of these questions through a detailed semantic analysis of two verbs in Ewe (Gbe), a Kwa language of West Africa. I argue that the senses of the verbs involve directional opposition: <i>mie</i> ‘germinate/dry up’ and <i>dró</i> ‘put load up on/down from head’. As such they are auto-antonyms. From a logical point of view, the interpretations of the verb <i>mie</i> may not look antonymous, but from the perspective of cultural practices and conceptualisations the image schematic representations go in opposite direction. I propose Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM)-inspired semantic representations for the verbs which show the contrasts transparently.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.15van
249
261
13
Chapter
19
01
Chapter 15. Whether you like it or not, this is a paper about <i>or not</i>
1
A01
Ton van der Wouden
Wouden, Ton van der
Ton
van der
Wouden
Meertens Instituut
Leiden University
2
A01
Frans Zwarts
Zwarts, Frans
Frans
Zwarts
University of Groningen
20
Coordination
20
disjunction
20
Dutch
20
English
20
negation
20
pragmatics
20
semantics
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The paper deals with the English expression <i>or not</i> and its Dutch counterpart <i>of niet</i>. It is argued that the phrase’s meaning contribution is not descriptive (truth-conditional), but primarily pragmatic in nature, with a different interpretation depending on the exact context it is used in.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.16roo
263
279
17
Chapter
20
01
Chapter 16. Between desire and necessity
The complementarity of <i>want</i> and <i>need</i>
1
A01
Johan Rooryck
Rooryck, Johan
Johan
Rooryck
Leiden University
20
Binding
20
desirability
20
Dutch
20
English
20
evaluation
20
modal
20
necessity
20
perspective
20
Speaker
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In this paper, I relate three seemingly unrelated properties of the modal verb <i>want</i> that distinguish it from the semantically minimally different verb <i>need.</i> I show that these properties are determined by a single selectional characteristic that involves the evidential notions of perspective or evaluation. I argue that these notions must be configurationally represented, and that their properties can be couched in Binding theoretic principles. In addition, I show that uses of <i>want</i> expressing necessity and probability rather than desirability can be derived from this syntactic representation.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.17bob
281
304
24
Chapter
21
01
Chapter 17. Inner aspect and the comparative quantifiers
1
A01
Boban Arsenijević
Arsenijević, Boban
Boban
Arsenijević
University of Potsdam
University of Niš
20
comparative quantifiers
20
event kinds
20
inner aspect
20
telicity tests
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This paper discusses the behavior of undergoers involving comparative quantifiers with respect to the inner aspect of the eventuality. It departs from clashing results of telicity tests with such VPs. Arguments are provided for a version of the view proposed by Krifka (1998), namely that comparative quantifiers receive a higher scope, and do not contribute to the aspectual composition of the eventuality. Moreover, it is argued – coming somewhat close to Diesing (1992), Borer (2005), Kennedy and Levin (2008) and Arsenijević (2006b) – that all quantified undergoers are best modeled in terms of scalar semantics. It is also argued, building on Arsenijević (2006a), that the inner aspect of an event predicate is determined at the VP (event kind level).
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.18han
305
325
21
Chapter
22
01
Chapter 18. The expressive <i>en maar</i>-construction
1
A01
Hans Broekhuis
Broekhuis, Hans
Hans
Broekhuis
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meertens Institute, Amsterdam
2
A01
Norbert Corver
Corver, Norbert
Norbert
Corver
Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS
20
conjunction en ‘and'
20
discourse particle
20
expressivity
20
root infinitive
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This article discusses constructions of the type <i>En maar zeuren!</i> ‘You keep on nagging’, which express a negative attitude of the speaker towards the proposition expressed by the construction. We will argue that <i>en</i> ‘and’ should be seen as a regular conjunction conjoining a phonetically empty clause with an overt infinitival clause: <i>[[Ø] en [maar zeuren]]</i>. The proposition expressed by the empty clause is determined by the common ground and contrasts with the propositional content of the second clause. This contrast is essential for obtaining the expressive meaning, but is potentially problematic in light of the regular interpretation of <i>en</i>. We solve this by claiming that the contrastive reading is expressed by the conjunction in tandem with the discourse particle <i>maar</i>, which can also be used as a contrastive/oppositional conjunction.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.19.ind
327
329
3
Miscellaneous
23
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20170412
2017
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027212481
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
105.00
EUR
R
01
00
88.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
158.00
USD
S
836017466
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
Z 210 Hb
15
9789027212481
13
2016052101
BB
01
Crossroads Semantics
Computation, experiment and grammar
01
z.210
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/z.210
1
B01
Hilke Reckman
Reckman, Hilke
Hilke
Reckman
Aarhus University
2
B01
Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng
Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen
Lisa Lai-Shen
Cheng
Leiden University
3
B01
Maarten Hijzelendoorn
Hijzelendoorn, Maarten
Maarten
Hijzelendoorn
Leiden University
4
B01
Rint Sybesma
Sybesma, Rint
Rint
Sybesma
Leiden University
01
eng
337
viii
329
LAN016000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
As language is a multifaceted phenomenon, the study of language, as long as it is geared at providing a comprehensive picture of it, cannot be restricted to one component or one approach. This applies to the many different components of language as well, including semantics.<br />If we want to fully understand the phenomenon of language meaning, we must not limit our research to lexical semantics, syntax-induced meaning or pragmatics. In order to enable ourselves to construct a consistent account of meaning, we need to extract relevant information from research done in different frameworks and from different theoretical standpoints.<br />This volume brings together a number of computational, psycholinguistic as well as theoretical studies, which highlight and illustrate how research done in one subfield of linguistics can be relevant to others.<br />The articles highlight the different ways in which one can work with different aspects of language meaning.
04
09
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z.210.int
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7
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Chapter
2
01
Introduction
10
01
JB code
z.210.01rui
9
20
12
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 1. Bridging theoretical and experimental linguistic research
1
A01
Bobby Ruijgrok
Ruijgrok, Bobby
Bobby
Ruijgrok
Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition
20
cognitive architecture of language
20
computation
20
computational (psycho)linguistics
20
ellipsis
20
grammatical theories
20
sentence processing
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
At present, the alignment of linguistic theories and processing models is in its infancy. While scholars in both research groups try to unravel the nature of human language, it appears to be problematic to bring the two enterprises together. Relevant questions include whether the groups – each employing different levels of analysis – ultimately describe different cognitive systems and to what extent the ways in which data are collected (i.e. offline versus online) address the same hypotheses. In this paper I will argue in favour of a single cognitive system that maps linear strings (sounds or symbols) to complex conceptual representations and vice versa, comparable to a “One-System Architecture” as recently proposed by Lewis & Phillips (2015). In the context of ellipsis research, I will show that we should understand the human language system in terms of three levels of description. Further, I will argue for computational linguistics to play a mediating role in bridging theoretical and psycholinguistic methods of enquiry.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.p1
Section header
4
01
Data and its use
10
01
JB code
z.210.02cre
23
37
15
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 2. Experimental research
Problems and opportunities in the big-data era
1
A01
Henk Cremers
Cremers, Henk
Henk
Cremers
University of Amsterdam
20
big-data
20
Experimental research
20
scientific evaluation
20
statistics
20
theory testing
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Experimental research in psychology, psycholinguistics or medicine provides quantitative and therefore seemingly conclusive and trustworthy evidence. However, it has been convincingly shown that most research findings are actually false. This has hardly influenced the dominant scientific evaluation system which reflects a continued trust in the unbiasedness of data by a strong reliance on simple quantifications of scientific quality and productivity, such as number of publications and number of citations. This state of affairs is remarkable in the light of a long history of strong criticism of commonly used inference methods and scientific evaluation systems, which is now backed by large-scale research projects directly questioning the reproducibility of scientific findings. This way, the large amounts of data – “big-data” – have helped to uncover some of these problematic issues, but also provided a more open attitude towards data and code sharing. In addition, novel analytic frameworks may help to better integrate empirical data with computational models.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.03bou
39
56
18
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 3. Finding long-distance dependencies in the Lassy Corpus
1
A01
Gosse Bouma
Bouma, Gosse
Gosse
Bouma
University of Groningen
20
corpora
20
Dutch
20
long-distance dependencies
20
parasitic gaps
20
resumptive prolepsis
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In this paper, we present the results of searching for long-distance dependencies in an automatically annotated treebank for Dutch. We concentrate on phenomena that have recently been subject to debate, and where conflicting claims have been made regarding the question whether these constructions actually occur with some frequency in spontaneous language use. Long-distance dependencies involving a tensed or infinitival subordinate clause are quite rare and show collocational effects. Resumptive prolepsis and R-pronominal parasitic gaps are outside the scope of the computational grammar. We show that access to syntactic annotation even in such cases helps to find positive examples relatively quickly.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.04van
57
76
20
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 4. How to compare speed and accuracy of syntactic parsers
1
A01
Gertjan van Noord
Noord, Gertjan van
Gertjan
van
Noord
University of Groningen
20
Accuracy
20
Alpino
20
Dutch
20
Efficiency
20
HPSG
20
Parsing
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The paper introduces a methodological innovation as well as a practical innovation. Firstly, two scenarios are introduced to compare accurate, but slow parsers on the one hand, with faster, but less accurate parsers on the other hand. Secondly, a corpus-based technique is described to improve the efficiency of wide-coverage high-accuracy parsers. By keeping track of the derivation steps which lead to the best parse for a very large collection of sentences, the parser learns which parse steps can be filtered without significant loss in parsing accuracy, but with an important increase in parsing efficiency. Experimental results with the Alpino parser for Dutch indicate that the technique yields much faster parsers that perform with almost the same level of accuracy. An interesting characteristic of our approach is that it is self-learning, in the sense that it uses unannotated corpora.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.05van
77
92
16
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 5. Adposition clusters in Dutch
1
A01
Frank Van Eynde
Van Eynde, Frank
Frank
Van Eynde
University of Leuven
20
adposition
20
circumposition
20
cluster
20
Dutch
20
regular expression.
20
stranding
20
string search
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This paper demonstrates that Dutch not only has verb clusters, but also adposition clusters. It identifies the adpositions that participate in clustering and provides quantitative data about their use in corpora of spoken Dutch and written Dutch.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.06hoe
93
106
14
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 6. Polarity licensing and intervention by conjunction
1
A01
Jack Hoeksema
Hoeksema, Jack
Jack
Hoeksema
University of Groningen
20
conjunction
20
intervention
20
negation
20
Polarity
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The licensing of polarity items by negation and other operators may be disrupted by an intervening conjunction. Conjunction intervenes when the polarity item is a conjunct or part of a conjunct, and negation or another licensor is outside the conjunction, having scope over it. Intervention effects on the licensing of polarity items have been studied at least since Linebarger (1980), but not much empirical research has been done on the peculiar problems posed by intervention by conjunction. In this paper, I present evidence from corpus data (from English, Dutch and German) that the intervention effect noted in the literature is not always absolute and sometimes even nonexistent. Asymmetric types of conjunction are an important exception, and for a variety of polarity items even regular conjunction does not lead to any disruption of licensing.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.07kem
107
123
17
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 7. Frequential test of (S)OV as unmarked word order in Dutch and German clauses
A serendipitous corpus-linguistic experiment
1
A01
Gerard Kempen
Kempen, Gerard
Gerard
Kempen
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University
2
A01
Karin Harbusch
Harbusch, Karin
Karin
Harbusch
Department of Computer Science, University of Koblenz-Landau
20
corpus linguistics
20
Dutch
20
fluency
20
German
20
markedness
20
psycholinguistics
20
sentence planning
20
SOV
20
SVO
20
verb frequency
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In a paper entitled “Against markedness (and what to replace it with)”, Haspelmath argues “that the term ‘markedness’ is superfluous”, and that frequency asymmetries often explain structural (un)markedness asymmetries (Haspelmath 2006). We investigate whether this argument applies to Object and Verb orders in main (VO, marked) and subordinate (OV, unmarked) clauses of spoken and written German and Dutch, using English (without VO/OV alternation) as control. Frequency counts from six treebanks (three languages, two output modalities) do not support Haspelmath’s proposal. However, they reveal an unexpected phenomenon, most prominently in spoken Dutch and German: a small set of extremely high-frequent finite verbs with unspecific meanings populates main clauses much more densely than subordinate clauses. We suggest these verbs accelerate the start-up of grammatical encoding, thus facilitating sentence-initial output fluency.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.08pos
125
137
13
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 8. Kratzer’s effect in the nominal domain
Fake indexicals in Dutch and German
1
A01
Gertjan Postma
Postma, Gertjan
Gertjan
Postma
Meertens Institute Amsterdam
20
Dutch
20
English
20
fake indexicals
20
German
20
Limburgian
20
paradigms
20
possessive morphology
20
sloppy identity
20
verbal morphology
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Fake indexicals are 1/2 person pronouns that do not have a fixed referent but vary over a set. It has been shown that fake indexicals are subject to morphological restrictions imposed by the verbal morphology. In this paper, we show that fake indexicals in the nominal domain are subject to similar morphological restrictions. Only if the morphology is invariant under 1↔3 person permutation does the sloppy reading occur. This is studied both theoretically and empirically within the Dutch dialectological space.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.09sch
139
154
16
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 9. Is bilingual speech production language-specific or non-specific?
The case of gender congruency in Dutch-English bilinguals
1
A01
Niels O. Schiller
Schiller, Niels O.
Niels O.
Schiller
Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
2
A01
Rinus G. Verdonschot
Verdonschot, Rinus G.
Rinus G.
Verdonschot
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
20
bilingual language control
20
Gender congruency
20
Language Production
20
Psycholinguistics
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The present paper looks at semantic interference and gender congruency effects during bilingual picture-word naming. According to Costa, Miozzo & Caramazza (1999), only the activation from lexical nodes within a language is considered during lexical selection. If this is accurate, these findings should uphold with respect to semantic and gender/determiner effects even though the distractors are in another language. In the present study three effects were found, (1) a main effect of language, (2) semantic effects for both target language and non-target language distractors, and (3) gender congruency effects for targets with target-language distractors only. These findings are at odds with the language-specific proposal of Costa et al. (1999). Implications of these findings are discussed.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.10van
155
176
22
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 10. Prosody of restrictive and appositive relative clauses in Dutch and German
1
A01
Vincent J. van Heuven
Heuven, Vincent J. van
Vincent J.
van
Heuven
University of Pannonia, Hungary
Leiden University, The Netherlands
2
A01
Constantijn Kaland
Kaland, Constantijn
Constantijn
Kaland
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
20
appositive
20
Dutch
20
German
20
relative clause
20
restrictive
20
structure-prosody interface
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Restrictive and appositive relative clauses differ in their meaning and structure. The first restrict the class to which the antecedent refers, whereas the latter denote additional information on the antecedent. In terms of structure, this difference concerns the relation between antecedent and relative clause, which is either narrow (restrictives) or loose (appositives). How these relations are encoded in prosody is the topic of investigation. Although there is considerable agreement on what prosodic cues distinguish restrictives and appositives across languages, claims mainly come from prescriptive literature. The current study investigates the structure-prosody interface experimentally by means of perception tests for Dutch and German. Results indicate that these languages differ in how prosody signals structural cohesion or breaking.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.11dev
177
189
13
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 11. Licensing distributivity
The role of plural morphology
1
A01
Hanna de Vries
de Vries, Hanna
Hanna
de Vries
Utrecht University
20
British English
20
distributivity
20
group nouns
20
plurality
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This study investigates how the availability of quantificational distributivity depends on the morphosyntactic number of the VP, based on two different case studies: first, the behaviour of sentences with a group <sc>NP</sc> subject (such as <i>the class</i> or <i>my family</i>) in British English; and second, the interpretation of coordinated VPs in sentences like <i>The guests are surrounding the newlyweds and singing or dancing</i>. I argue that distributivity is only available when the VP is plural, not when it is singular or uninflected. This approach goes back to Link’s (1983) original intuition that pluralisation and distributivity are two sides of the same coin. It also provides support for compositional analyses of semantic pluralisation, according to which predicates originate as singular and are pluralised at a higher derivational level, instead of being “born plural” as in e.g. Krifka (1992), Landman (1996), and Kratzer (2008).
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.p2
Section header
15
01
Implementation and theory building
10
01
JB code
z.210.12van
193
205
13
Chapter
16
01
Chapter 12. Extending categorial grammar to phonology
1
A01
Marc van Oostendorp
Oostendorp, Marc van
Marc
van
Oostendorp
Meertens Instituut, Amsterdam
20
autosegmentalism
20
categorial grammar
20
formalism
20
phonology
20
representations
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
What would be the implications of applying categorial grammar technology to phonological structure? We show how expressing phonological insights requires a few extensions into the formalism in order to be able to deal with autosegmentalism, with feature repulsion and with the interface with syntax (and possibly with semantics). It is argued that both our understanding of categorial grammar and phonology can profit from the confrontation.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.13den
207
225
19
Chapter
17
01
Chapter 13. Stacking up for the long way down
1
A01
Marcel den Dikken
Dikken, Marcel den
Marcel
den
Dikken
Eötvös Loránd University
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
20
cyclicity
20
directionality of structure building
20
filler-gap dependencies
20
locality
20
predication
20
pushdown stacks
20
subjacency
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In Categorial Grammar, “[t]he combinatorics of long-distance dependencies are steered … by conditions on the state of argument stacks” (Cremers 2004: 99). In this paper I argue that in mainstream Chomskyan syntax, modelling filler-gap dependencies in these terms also works well, and is superior to the standard bottom-up movement-based approach. The discussion focuses primarily on the familiar locality restrictions on the establishment of long-distance filler-gap dependencies, and recasts “Subjacency” and “ECP” effects from the perspective of the top-down approach.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.14ame
227
248
22
Chapter
18
01
Chapter 14. Meaning between algebra and culture
Auto-antonyms in the Ewe verb lexicon
1
A01
Felix K. Ameka
Ameka, Felix K.
Felix K.
Ameka
Department of African Languages and Cultures, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
20
auto-antonymy
20
converse
20
directional opposition
20
Ewe
20
meaning construction
20
placement verbs
20
polysemy
20
reversive
20
three levels of meaning
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
Semanticists continue to debate questions like: are meanings about “things in the world” or “things in the mind”? Are meanings about algebraic calculations or about cultural conceptions? How are multiple senses of a word related? This chapter explores some of these questions through a detailed semantic analysis of two verbs in Ewe (Gbe), a Kwa language of West Africa. I argue that the senses of the verbs involve directional opposition: <i>mie</i> ‘germinate/dry up’ and <i>dró</i> ‘put load up on/down from head’. As such they are auto-antonyms. From a logical point of view, the interpretations of the verb <i>mie</i> may not look antonymous, but from the perspective of cultural practices and conceptualisations the image schematic representations go in opposite direction. I propose Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM)-inspired semantic representations for the verbs which show the contrasts transparently.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.15van
249
261
13
Chapter
19
01
Chapter 15. Whether you like it or not, this is a paper about <i>or not</i>
1
A01
Ton van der Wouden
Wouden, Ton van der
Ton
van der
Wouden
Meertens Instituut
Leiden University
2
A01
Frans Zwarts
Zwarts, Frans
Frans
Zwarts
University of Groningen
20
Coordination
20
disjunction
20
Dutch
20
English
20
negation
20
pragmatics
20
semantics
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
The paper deals with the English expression <i>or not</i> and its Dutch counterpart <i>of niet</i>. It is argued that the phrase’s meaning contribution is not descriptive (truth-conditional), but primarily pragmatic in nature, with a different interpretation depending on the exact context it is used in.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.16roo
263
279
17
Chapter
20
01
Chapter 16. Between desire and necessity
The complementarity of <i>want</i> and <i>need</i>
1
A01
Johan Rooryck
Rooryck, Johan
Johan
Rooryck
Leiden University
20
Binding
20
desirability
20
Dutch
20
English
20
evaluation
20
modal
20
necessity
20
perspective
20
Speaker
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
In this paper, I relate three seemingly unrelated properties of the modal verb <i>want</i> that distinguish it from the semantically minimally different verb <i>need.</i> I show that these properties are determined by a single selectional characteristic that involves the evidential notions of perspective or evaluation. I argue that these notions must be configurationally represented, and that their properties can be couched in Binding theoretic principles. In addition, I show that uses of <i>want</i> expressing necessity and probability rather than desirability can be derived from this syntactic representation.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.17bob
281
304
24
Chapter
21
01
Chapter 17. Inner aspect and the comparative quantifiers
1
A01
Boban Arsenijević
Arsenijević, Boban
Boban
Arsenijević
University of Potsdam
University of Niš
20
comparative quantifiers
20
event kinds
20
inner aspect
20
telicity tests
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This paper discusses the behavior of undergoers involving comparative quantifiers with respect to the inner aspect of the eventuality. It departs from clashing results of telicity tests with such VPs. Arguments are provided for a version of the view proposed by Krifka (1998), namely that comparative quantifiers receive a higher scope, and do not contribute to the aspectual composition of the eventuality. Moreover, it is argued – coming somewhat close to Diesing (1992), Borer (2005), Kennedy and Levin (2008) and Arsenijević (2006b) – that all quantified undergoers are best modeled in terms of scalar semantics. It is also argued, building on Arsenijević (2006a), that the inner aspect of an event predicate is determined at the VP (event kind level).
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.18han
305
325
21
Chapter
22
01
Chapter 18. The expressive <i>en maar</i>-construction
1
A01
Hans Broekhuis
Broekhuis, Hans
Hans
Broekhuis
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meertens Institute, Amsterdam
2
A01
Norbert Corver
Corver, Norbert
Norbert
Corver
Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS
20
conjunction en ‘and'
20
discourse particle
20
expressivity
20
root infinitive
01
<abstract>
<atl>Abstract</atl>
This article discusses constructions of the type <i>En maar zeuren!</i> ‘You keep on nagging’, which express a negative attitude of the speaker towards the proposition expressed by the construction. We will argue that <i>en</i> ‘and’ should be seen as a regular conjunction conjoining a phonetically empty clause with an overt infinitival clause: <i>[[Ø] en [maar zeuren]]</i>. The proposition expressed by the empty clause is determined by the common ground and contrasts with the propositional content of the second clause. This contrast is essential for obtaining the expressive meaning, but is potentially problematic in light of the regular interpretation of <i>en</i>. We solve this by claiming that the contrastive reading is expressed by the conjunction in tandem with the discourse particle <i>maar</i>, which can also be used as a contrastive/oppositional conjunction.
</abstract>
10
01
JB code
z.210.19.ind
327
329
3
Miscellaneous
23
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
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20170412
2017
John Benjamins B.V.
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https://benjamins.com
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105.00
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10
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John Benjamins North America
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