Mobile Menu
New
Books
Forthcoming titles
New in paperback
New titles by subject
December 2023
November 2023
October 2023
September 2023
Book Series
Journals & Yearbooks
New serials
Latest issues
Currently in production
Catalog
Books
Active series
Other series
Collections
Open-access books
Text books & Course books
Dictionaries & Reference
By JB editor
Journals & Yearbooks
Active serials
Other
By JB editor
Software
Browse by person
Browse by subject
Advanced Search
Downloadable lists
Printed catalogs
E-book collections
Online Resources
Customer Services
Contact
Amsterdam (Main office)
Philadelphia (North American office)
Directions
Book Orders
General
US, Canada & Mexico
E-books
Examination & Desk Copies
Journal Subscriptions
General information
Access to the electronic edition
Special offers
Terms of Use
Rights & Permissions
Mailing List
E-newsletter
Book Gazette
For Authors
Proposals for Books
Proposals for Book Series
Proposals for Journals
Submissions to Journals
Editorial Manager
Ethics Statement
Kudos
Open Access Policy
Rights Policy
For Librarians
Evidence-Based Acquisition
Ebook collections
Journal Collection
Open Access information
Part of
Grammar of Spoken and Written English
Douglas Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey N. Leech, Susan Conrad and Edward Finegan
[
Not in series
232] 2021
► pp.
231
–
354
◄
previous
next
►
Chapter 4
Nouns, pronouns, and the simple noun phrase
Article outline
4.1
Overview of nominals in discourse
4.1.1
Use of nominals in discourse
4.1.1.1
Density and types of nominal elements
4.1.1.2
The role of nominal elements in discourse
4.1.1.3
Establishing reference
4.1.1.4
Chains of reference
4.1.2
Pronouns v. full noun phrases
corpus findings
,
Discussion of finding
4.1.3
The forms of anaphoric expressions
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.1.4
Forms of anaphoric expression in relation to distance
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.2
The basic structure of noun-headed phrases
4.3
Types of nouns
4.3.1
Use of countable nouns in Text samples
4.3.2
Use of uncountable nouns in Text samples
4.3.2.1
Countable and uncountable uses of nouns
4.3.2.2
Plural uncountables
4.3.3
Proper nouns
4.3.3.1
Initial capitals
4.3.3.2
Proper nouns regularly occurring with the definite article
4.3.3.3
Proper nouns functioning as common nouns
4.3.4
Collective nouns
4.3.4.1
Collocations of quantifying collectives
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.3.5
Unit nouns
4.3.5.1
Collocations of unit nouns
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.3.6
Quantifying nouns
4.3.6.1
Collocations of types of quantifying nouns
A.
Nouns denoting type of container
B.
Nouns denoting shape
C.
Standardized measure terms
D.
Plural numerals
E.
Nouns denoting large quantities
F.
Nouns ending in -ful
4.3.6.2
Pair v. couple
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.3.7
Species nouns
4.3.7.1
Species nouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.3.8
Noun v. determiner
4.4
Determiners
4.4.1
The articles
4.4.1.1
The indefinite article
4.4.1.2
The zero article
A.
Meals
B.
Institutions
C.
Predicatives with unique reference
D.
Means of transport and communication
E.
Times of the day
F.
Days, months, and seasons
G.
Parallel structures
H.
Block language
I.
Vocatives
4.4.1.3
The definite article
4.4.1.4
Generic reference
4.4.1.5
Reference patterns of definite noun phrases
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.1.6
Definite and indefinite articles: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.1.7
Definite and indefinite articles in relation to syntactic role
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.4.1.8
Definite determiners: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.2
Possessive determiners
4.4.2.1
Possessive determiners: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.3
Demonstrative determiners
A.
Situational reference
B.
Time reference
C.
Anaphoric reference
D.
Cataphoric reference
E.
Introductory this/these
4.4.3.1
Demonstrative determiners: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.4
Quantifiers
4.4.4.1
Quantifiers: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.5
Numerals
4.4.5.1
Numerals across the registers
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.6
Semi-determiners
4.4.6.1
Other uses of the semi-determiners
4.4.6.2
Semi-determiners: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.4.7
Wh-determiners
4.4.8
Determiner v. pronoun
4.5
Number
4.5.1
Regular plurals
4.5.1.1
Plurals of words ending in -o
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.5.2
Irregular plurals
4.5.3
Latin and Greek plurals
4.5.4
Zero plurals
4.5.5
Plural-only nouns and nouns in -s
4.5.6
Singular v. plural nouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.6
Case
4.6.1
The form of the genitive
4.6.1.1
Genitive v. common case
4.6.2
The frequency of genitive case forms
4.6.3
Specifying genitives
4.6.4
Classifying genitives
4.6.4.1
Classifying genitives: Use
4.6.5
Genitives of time
4.6.6
Genitives of measure
4.6.7
Elliptic genitives
4.6.8
Other independent genitives
4.6.8.1
Independent genitives unsupported by the linguistic context
4.6.9
Group genitives
4.6.10
The double genitive
4.6.11
Density of genitives
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.6.12
Choice between s-genitives and of-phrases
4.6.12.1
S-genitives and of-phrases overall
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.6.12.2
S-genitives and of-phrases and the dependent noun
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.6.12.3
Meanings of s-genitives and of-phrases
4.6.12.4
S-genitives and of-phrases and length
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.6.12.5
S-genitives and of-phrases and information status
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.6.12.6
S-genitives and of-phrases in collocations
4.6.12.7
Summary of choice between s-genitives and of-phrases
4.6.13
Choice between elliptic genitives and of-constructions
4.6.13.1
Elliptic genitives v. of-constructions: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.6.14
Choice between the double genitive and related constructions
4.6.14.1
The double genitive v. corresponding constructions with possessive pronouns
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.6.14.2
The double genitive v. ordinary of-phrases
corpus findings
discussion of findings
The double genitive v. partitive constructions
4.7
Gender
4.7.1
Lexical expression of gender
4.7.1.1
Words for masculine/feminine gender
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.7.1.2
Lexical means of expressing dual gender reference
corpus findings
DISCUSSSION OF FINDING
4.7.2
Gender-specific v. dual gender pronoun reference
4.7.2.1
Grammatical means for dual gender reference
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.7.3
Personal v. non-personal reference with pronouns
4.8
Noun formation
4.8.1
Derived nouns
4.8.1.1
Derivational prefixes used to form new nouns
4.8.1.2
Some common derivational suffix patterns
4.8.1.3
Frequency of common noun derivational suffixes
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.8.1.4
Productivity of common noun derivations
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.8.2
Formation of nouns through compounding
4.8.2.1
Noun compounds in conversation and news in AmE
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.9
The role of pronouns in discourse
4.10
Personal pronouns
4.10.1
Specific reference
4.10.1.1
Problems in the use of first person plural pronouns
4.10.1.2
Problems in the use of second person pronouns
4.10.1.3
Problems in the use of third person pronouns
4.10.2
Referring to people in general
4.10.3
Special problems with collective nouns
4.10.4
Special uses of it
4.10.5
Personal pronouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.10.6
Nominative v. accusative forms of personal pronouns
4.10.6.1
Pronoun choice after forms of be
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.10.6.2
Pronoun choice after as and than
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.10.6.3
Pronoun choice in coordinated noun phrases
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.10.6.4
Pronoun choice in peripheral and non-integrated noun phrases
4.10.6.5
Summary of factors affecting pronoun case choice
4.11
Possessive pronouns
4.11.1
The type a friend of mine
4.11.2
Possessive pronouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.12
Reflexive pronouns
4.12.1
Reflexive pronouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.12.2
Emphatic reflexive pronouns
corpus findings
,
discussion of findings
4.13
Reciprocal pronouns
4.13.1
Reciprocal pronouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.14
Demonstrative pronouns
4.14.1
Demonstrative pronouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.14.2
This/these in academic prose
4.14.3
Those with postmodifying phrases or clauses
4.14.4
The demonstrative pronoun that in conversation
4.14.5
That in general
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.15
Indefinite pronouns
4.15.1
Indefinite pronouns: Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.15.2
The pronoun one
4.15.2.1
The pronoun one:
Distribution
corpus findings
discussion of findings
4.16
Other pronouns