The role structure of literary discourse, i.e. the set of elements involved in the act of framing the fictional speech act, is said to be significantly different from that of ordinary discourse: whereas the role structure of ordinary communication onlyinvolves a speaker, a message and an audience, that of literary discourse is more complex, involving at least a speaker, persona, narration and audience. B. also claims that while the sentences of literature do not have their 'normal' illocutionary force, the literary performative (e.g. 'I write') seems to have a kind of perlocutionary force.