F. describes the use of pronouns, nouns, modifying adjectives and zero pronoun anaphora in subject position to refer to theme and subtheme in an oral Polish narrative. She shows that continuous predictable themes are represented by anaphoric zero pronoun, and that when themes are overtly expressed, this is due to several factors: narrative discontinuities in the text, changes in speaker's perspective, and the organizing principle of contrast to develop background paragraphs.