In order to highlight neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism, this study reviews and compares findings from the literature on polyglot aphasia; literature studying lateral dominance in non-brain-damaged bilingual participants; literature on crossed aphasia; and the Evoked Response Potential (ERP) literature; and from imaging techniques such as cortical stimulation, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Directions for future research are outlined, including documenting the underpinnings of recent behavioral findings on polyglots' lexicons, individual variability, and language attrition.