This essay addresses: the distinction between intension and extension; the principle of extensionality and its failures; the Frege-Carnap treatment of intensional contexts; the problem of hybrid contexts; intensional constructions in natural logic: the Montagovian paradigm; inadequacies of the standard semantics of intensional logic; property theory; propositional attitudes and pragmatics; and intension, compositionality and context-dependence. A fully-fledged pragmatic theory has been developed by Recanati in ‘Opacity and the attitudes’. He shows that most of the facts which Frege tries to account for in semantic terms, by positing intensional entities, can be dealt with in pragmatic terms by carefully distinguishing the perspective of the ascriber of propositional entities from that of the ascribee.