In most utterances the meaning has to undergo an interpretation if the utterance is to fulfil its function. In explicit performative utterances, however, meaning coincides with function. The paraphrase for 'I appoint you chairman' is 'By saying this I cause you to become chairman'. The presupposition of an utterance is the information the speaker assumes to be known to the addressee. In French, there are two indicative moods: the 'real' mood (present or future) and the non-real mood (imperfect and conditional). The 'non-real' mood carries over a particular type of presupposition.