Though language plays a crucial role in defining and comprehending identity, the 21 indigenous languages spoken in the Upper Rio Negro region of the Northwest Amazon of Brazils may all be regarded as imperiled. The notion of “graduated authenticity” is used to show how diverse configurations of ethnic identity, ancestry, and language add to evaluations of individuals' “authenticity”. The politicized nature of revitalization presents novel unease for evaluating the dynamics of multilingualism and Indigenous identities.