This inquiry explored whether Chinese and Americans varied in guilt and shame. A 2 (relational closeness: friends vs. acquaintance) × 3 (targets of harm: self only vs. self and the other vs. the other only) × 2 (country: China vs. U.S.) between-subject factorial inquiry was conducted. Results displayed regardless of cultures, the extent of damage caused by transgression significantly forecasted guilt and shame, whereas relational closeness between a transgressor and a witness did not have an impact. U.S. participants displayed stronger guilt and shame compared to Chinese on scaled items; Chinese participants had more open-ended shame expressions than U.S. participants.