Second language (L2) speakers often meet with difficulty differentiating speech sounds of the nonnative language, which can end in phonolexical ambiguity. This study reports two experiments that explore how L2 Russian speakers may employ contextual constraints for phonolexical ambiguity resolution during speech comprehension. L2 ambiguous words constitute minimal pairs with palatalized and unpalatalized consonants in the Russian language, where the phonological feature of palatalization marks semantic, morphological, or syntactic distinctions between words. L2 performance is compared to that of a control group of Russian native speakers. The results show that L2 listeners depend on contextual information for meaning disambiguation during sentence comprehension, but that the relative reliance on diverse types of context is task specific.