This paper states that Jakobson was one of the ascendant figures sitting the theory of language in the 20th century. Together with Trubetzkoy, he evolved a new orientation in handling the problems of natural language, particularly its sound structure, basically by enriching the conceptual framework of phonology. Jakobson’s special stress in this effort regarded the nature of distinctive traits as the minimal elements of phonological structure. Expanding the structuralist method to problems of the linguistic content, Jakobson made innovative contributions to morphology as the framework of grammatical structure, mainly about the theory of Case, and by reconsidering the traditional verbal categories. A further blow-out resulted from his use of basic linguistic principles to the assay of data from aphasia. Linguistic insights were also the directive in his absorbing assays of poetry, seizing the poetic function of language as one of its integrated facets. Reasoning against Saussure’s principle of randomness of the sound-meaning link of language, Jakobson lastly came very close to settling the combinatorial principle as the gist of language.