European discourse on linguistic minorities mirror the construction of inter-ethnic borders between national (like Dutch or French), indigenous minorities (like Basque, Catalan or Frisian), and immigrant minorities (Arabic, Berber or Turkish). It is general practice in European public discourse to refer to immigrant minority groups in terms of non-national residents and to their languages in terms of non-territorial, non-regional, non-indigenous, or non-European languages. This conceptual exclusion is caused by a limitary interpretation of the concepts of citizenship and nationality.