Some kinds of deceiving can be performed by telling only half the truth, or answering a question that has not really been asked but semantically or rather pragmatically belongs to an area bordering on the question that has been put, by which strategy the hearer is misled to infer what would have been a lie if it had been expressed in so many words. There is also the strategy of saying the truth but giving the utterance an aspect as if it should not be taken in earnest. Finally, marginal semantic features can be focused upon to mislead the hearer.