Personhood, naming, and language/speech conceptualizations diverge between the Aché and Guaraní of of Paraguay. The Guaraní have the notion of word-soul, which is linked to personhood, names, and identity. Aché language ideologies underscore non-referential and non-communicative speaking facets. Aché speech practices had not been embodied into a language previous to contact with outsiders. As speech practices were fast altering, language appeared as an object and became linked to ethnic identity.