Publications

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Gardner, R.C. 2004. Motivation and Attitudes Towards Learning Languages in Multicultural Classrooms. The International Journal of Multilingualism 1 (2) : 75–89.
Gardner, R.C. 2003. Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: A MetaAnalysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associates. Language Learning 53 (S1) : 167–210.
Gardner, R.C. 1999. Home background characteristics and second language learning. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 18 (4) : 419–437.
Gardner, R.C. 1999. A Causal Model of Spanish Immigrant Adaptation in Canada. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 20 (3) : 216–236.
Gardner, R.C. 1991. Language anxiety: Its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning 41 (4) : 513–534.
Gardner, R.C. 1989. Second language learning in an immersion programme: Factors influencing acquisition and retention. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 8 (5) : 287–305.
Gardner, R.C. 1989. Anxiety and second-language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning 39 (2) : 251–275.
Gardner, R.C. 1987. Second language attrition: The role of motivation and use. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 6 (1) : 29–47.
Gardner, R.C. 1987. Second language attrition: the role of motivation and use. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 6 (1) : 29–47.
Gardner, R.C. 1968. A study of the roles of attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. In : 473–491.