Evidence from the Japanese language shows that emotions have structure; it lends crosscultural support to Kövecses's (1987) analysis of emotion in American English, which draws the same conclusion. The present study illustrates in detail the concept of anger in Japanese; it compares the ways that anger is conceptualized in Japanese and in American English, highlighting culturally unique as well as shared aspects. The cross-linguistic perspective points to sociocultural factors underlying the linguistically encoded framework of emotion in Japanese. A consideration of social and cultural contexts contributes to the examination of a cognitive model. My Japanese data derive from Nakamura (1979), whose sources are a variety of writers in Japanese modern literature. He focuses especially upon "anger", "happiness", and "sadness". Some of the expressions seem to be idiosyncratic of particular authors, although they extend the elaborate Japanese system of metaphors and metonymies. In addition, I conducted my own search for unreported expressions of anger. American English and Japanese share some metaphors and metonymies that structure the conceptual framework of anger; however, it is impossible to decide which ones are fully universal on the basis of Japanese and English alone. (Keiko Matsuki)