The computational linguist James Pustejovsky has proposed to incorporate domain-based information into semantic representations. Consider the expression 'John began a novel'. This can be interpreted in various ways, e.g. 'John began to write a novel, he began to read a novel', and several more. To explain these effects, Pustejovsky (1995) proposed that a semantic representation of novel needs to incorporate the noun's qualia structure. Qualia structures contain four kinds of argument structures, with variables specifying various kinds of roles: -what the entity is made of (the constitutive role); -factors pertaining to the entity's perceptual identification, such as size, shape, dimensionality (the formal role); -the purpose or function of the entity (telic role); -knowledge about how the entity was created, or came about (the agentive role). All this "structures our basic knowledge about the object" (Pustejovsky 1991: 427). This knowledge is differentially activated by context. 'Read a novel, write a novel, buy a novel, print a novel', each activates a different component of the qualia structure, thereby "coercing" a particular interpretation of the noun. 'Read a novel' coerces the telic role inherent in the noun, 'write a novel' coerces the agentive role, 'burn a novel' actives the constitutive role, whereas 'drop a novel' activates the formal role. One consequence of this approach is that novel, in spite of the different ways in which it can be interpreted, need not be assigned a range of semantic values. The different interpretations emerge through the interaction of a unitary semantic representation with a 'coercing' predicate (John Taylor. 2002. 'Cognitive Grammar' pp.456-457)