This collection of essays explores the various relationships between travel and translation during the early modern period, when both activities flourished. The many facets of this relationship are at times obvious, at other times elusive; its manifestations can be seen in the works of Martin Luther and Erasmus, of Petrarch and Shakespeare, and of lesser known writers as Leo Africanus and Garcilaso de la Vega, who are among the subjects of these essays. All of these writers have one thing in common: they were exiles. Such too were the early makers of bilingual dictionaries , who found themselves between worlds. In the lives and works of these lexicographers one can see that the act of translation is essentially like that of travel: both involve a certain moment of failure, and that moment, in both cases, leads directly to the creation of something new. In short, linguistic translation and its strange results may serve as an observable, illustrative instance of how travel generates culture.