In this chapter, besides an outline of language, paralanguage and kinesics as the true reality of speech, two specific models are presented: one which allows an exhaustive and systematic observation and analysis of speaker and listener behaviours, and another which reveals the extreme intricacy of the structure of conversation. The specific consequences of the interactive characteristics of speaker and listener must also be acknowledged, as well as the translator’s own responsibilities in the interpretation situation. In this chapter, the author discusses sign systems and forms in the interpretation situation; limitations of words and interchangeability of language, paralanguage and kinesics; the basic functions of paralanguage and kinesics in speech and the concepts of redundancy ands complementarity; paralanguage: audible communication beyond words; kinesics: visual communication with and beyond words; morphological and functional categories of nonverbal behaviours; language, paralanguage and kinesics in reduced interaction: its problems and the translator’s position and responsibilities.