In The Tempest Shakespeare explores a New World axis of translation, naming, and cultural exchange between the islander Caliban and the Italians who visit the play’s island. Shakespeare sets up another axis that stretches from Prospero’s northern Italian city, “fair Milan”, to the Kingdom of Naples in the south of Italy and to Tunis in North Africa. The works of Machiavelli, moreover, inform an examination of the connections between translation and the founding of new regimes. In this context, translation includes the figurative shifts in understanding that accompany the founding of a new political regime, or the establishment of a new social order.