The present article intends to discuss the role of translation and interpretation within the context of the West African region. Before defining the context, the author attempts to make a distinction between translation and interpretation, mainly drawing on Dana Seleskovitch. A brief outline of the linguistic situation in the regio is provided and the particular importance of bilingualism is discussed. With that picture in mind, the author examines the role of translation and interpretation in connection with traditional society in West Africa, with colonisation, with Christianity and evangelisation, with regional and international groupings, with specialised institutes and with cultural manifestations. Finally, the author reflects on the prospects of these two professions in the region.