The author states that language, as the communication system peculiar to the human species and its evolutionary development are unique events among the physiological functions of extant animals. Human language would never have achieved such complexity and uniqueness without the progressive, evolutive development of the central nervous system (CNS), which presides over its functioning. In this article he discusses the physiological properties of the structures of the CNS involved in language use and speech analysis, control and production in two chapters: 1) neurophysiological aspects related to language use and speech analysis, control and production, and 2) human cognitive faculties (languages use and cerebral evolutive development).