The author aims to investigate – in the light of Bourdieu’s concepts of “symbolic power”, “worldmaking” and “censorship” – the role of translation as social practice in ideologically over-determined times. She focuses on the literary translation field in relation to soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe, and by using Romania as case study, illustrates the broader paradigm of cultural resistance, via translation, in the region. The author suggests that it was through a subversively (yet systematically) orchestrated effort that the translation field came to challenge communist dictatorship. While legitimising the concepts of pluralism and dialogism, literary translators and other agents were instrumental in undermining aberrant monologic social practices, thus contributing to the overthrow of the regime.