The aim of the article is to evaluate to what extent the recent advances in phraseology may contribute positively to the research in traductology. Despite the significant increase of research works devoted to the field of phraseology, up until now most of the findings do not seem to have found their use in the domain of traductology, specifically from a theoretical point of view. Phraseology is indeed often presented as a domain of applied research rather than of fundamental research. The article shows that nevertheless phraseology is not only capable of resolving some specific problems of translation but that it owes this capacity to its underlying assumptions which stand behind every phraseological approach of language. The article thus offers an overall view of theoretical premises in phraseology by examining a number of fundamental concepts common to both disciplines, phraseology and traductology.