These studies of the theory and practice of translation in the Middle Ages show a wide range of translation practices, on texts which range from anonymous Middle English romances and Biblical commentaries to the writings of Usk, Chaucer and Malory. In a medieval translation the general priority of meaning over form and style enabled, even obliged, the translator to act more than an author than like a scribe. Consequently, the study of medieval translation throws important light on contemporary attitudes to, and understandings of, fundamental literary questions: for example, and most importantly, that of the role of the author.